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I. James Joyce’s Revolutionary Life and Times

A. 4 violent Irish rebellions for Home rule from Britain

B. Irish exile

C. Rejected Roman Catholicism and its total religious dominion over Irish society D. Supported Socialism and workers rights (Second Socialist International and Social Democrat parties in Europe) E. Witnessed firsthand revolutions in painting (naturalism vs. cubism); music; and science (Newton vs. relativity and quantum mechanics F. Joyce’s revolution in literature (utterly exploding the traditional narrative style and structure).

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The Three Musketeers (Alexandre Dumas -1844)

“It was a stormy and dark night; vast clouds covered the heavens, concealing the stars; the moon would not rise till midnight.

Occasionally, by the light of a flash of lightening which gleamed along the horizon, the road stretched itself before them, white and solitary; the flash extinct, all remained in darkness.

Every minute Athos was forced to restrain D’Artagnan, constantly in advance of the little troop, and to beg him to keep in the line, which

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in an instant he again departed from. He had but one thought--to go forward; and he went….

Several times Lord de Winter, Porthos, or Aramis, tried to talk with the man in the red cloak; but to every interrogation which they put to him he bowed, without response. The travelers then comprehended that there must be some reason why the unknown preserved such a silence, and ceased to address themselves to him.

The storm increased, the flashes succeeded one another more rapidly, the thunder began to growl, and the wind, the precursor of a hurricane, whistled in the plumes and the hair of the horsemen….”

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The Sound and the Fury (William Faulkner -1929)

“Through the fence, between the curling flower spaces, I could see them hitting. They were coming toward where the flag was and I went along the fence. Luster was hunting in the grass by the flower tree. They took the flag out, and they were hitting. Then they put the flag back and they went to the table, and he hit and the other hit. Then they went on, and I went along the fence. Luster came away from the flower tree and we went along the fence and they stopped and we stopped and I looked through the fence while Luster was hunting in the grass. "Here, caddie." He hit. They went away across the pasture. I held to the fence and watched them going away. ….They were hitting little, across the pasture. I went back along the fence to where the flag was. It flapped on the bright grass and the trees. …. It was red, flapping on the pasture. Then there was a bird

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slanting and tilting on it. …. The flag flapped on the bright grass and the trees. ….We went along the fence and came to the garden fence, where our shadows were. My shadow was higher than Luster's on the fence. We came to the broken place and went through it… .”

Ode On A Grecian Urn (John Keats - 1820) “….O Attic shape! Fair attitude! with brede Of marble men and maidens overwrought, With forest branches and the trodden weed; Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral! When old age shall this generation waste, Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st, "Beauty is truth, truth beauty,—that is all

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Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.” The Wasteland (TS Eliot - 1922) “…. What are the roots that clutch, what branches grow Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man, You cannot say, or guess, for you know only A heap of broken images, where the sun beats, And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief, And the dry stone no sound of water. Only There is shadow under this red rock, (Come in under the shadow of this red rock), And I will show you something different from either Your shadow at morning striding behind you Or your shadow at evening rising to meet you; I will show you fear in a handful of dust… .”

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Newton’s law of gravitation

Einstein’s Law of Gravitation

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07 The Swan Lake, ballet, Op. 20- Wa (2015_12_29 13_26_40 UTC).m4a

Swan Lake Ballet (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky – 1877) (5:40)

18 Rite of Spring - Sacrificial Danc (2015_12_29 13_26_40 UTC).m4a

Rite of Spring Ballet (Igor Stravinski – 1913) (4:37)

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II. Overview Of Joyce’s Four Major Works

A. Dubliners (1914) - 15 short stories about sense of paralysis from living in Dublin at the turn of the 19th century B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)- semi-autobiographical novel about his youth in Dublin

- Began as Stephen Hero, but threw the manuscript in the fire

- Re-worked into experimental and ambitious

novel

- Dispenses with strict realism and makes extensive use of free indirect speech

- Explores the Author’s rebellion against Irish

and Catholic conventions

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- Named one the top 100 best English-

language novels of the 20th century by the Modern Library

- Made Joyce’s reputation at the forefront of

literary modernism C. Ulysses (between 1914 and 1922) –

- Originally a short story in Dubliners based on an actual experience ofJoyce's

- Wide variety of styles, chock-full of an

encyclopedia's worth of allusions, rife with enough puns and

- Focuses on one day – June 16, 1904 – in the

life of Mr. Leopold Bloom

- Groundbreaking stream-of-consciousness style

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- Abandons realism (describing and narrating

people and events as they exist in the real world)

- Named the number one best English-

language novel of the 20th century by the Modern Library

D. Finnegans Wake (1922-1939) –

- recognized as a masterpiece, but also as one of the most difficult books ever written

E. Noticeable progression

- Portrait toys with a number of the techniques that are fleshed out and mastered in Ulysses.

- stream-of-conscious writing and other

radical ways of depicting a character's

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internal life in relation to the world around him

- The more radical techniques in Ulysses are

extended even further in Finnegans Wake

F. W.B. Yeats encouraged Joyce to

"turn his mind to unknown arts."

in which every word and the flow of the words are considered with precise poetical precision.

See Portrait’s Epigraph:

“Et ignotas animum dimittit in artes” Ovid Metamorphoses VII I188 “And he sets his mind to unknown arts"

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G. Summary of Joyce’s Literary Legacy

- Daring and novel structure and styles

- versatile stylistic virtuoso

- clinical, descriptive not narrative

- personal and specific

- startling depth of detail and encyclopedic focus on his singular time and place (his Dublin)

- “In the particular is contained the universal."

- Unparalleled command of the English and other languages

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- Deep psychological insight

- before – realistic narratives of Dumas,

Dickens and Tolstoy

- after – anything goes

- Faulkner, V. Wolf The Waves and Mrs. Dalloway; Gunther Grass The Tin Drum; A. Burgess Clockwork Orange; Heinlein The Moon Is A Harsh Mistress; T.Pynchon Gravity’s Rainbow; G.M. Marquez The Autumn Of The Patriarch (one sentence); J. Heller Catch-22; Samuel Beckett, Jorge Luis Borges, Salman Rushdie, John Updike, Cormac McCarthy, and Joseph Campbell.

III. Biographical Sketch of Joyce

A. Poor, struggling, starving, sickly artist

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B. Problem drinker C. Lifetime of bad health

- multiple eye problems

- virtually totally blind in later years.

- Other health problems may have included sarcoidosis, syphilis, tuberculosis.

- Daughter Lucia schizophrenic analyzed by Carl Jung

- After reading Ulysses Jung concluded that her father himself had schizophrenia.

D. Lifetime struggles to publish

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E. Lifetime of sometimes extreme poverty

F. Lifetime interest in socialism and pacifistic anarchy

G. Rejected the whole present social order and Christianity

IV. Chronological Biography of James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (1882 through early works)

1882 –Joyce born in Dublin

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Age 6 1888

1891 - Joyce writes a poem on the death of Charles Stewart Parnell. The elder Joyce had the poem printed and even sent a part to the Vatican Library.

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Remaining Fragment

“His quaint-perched aerie on the crags of Time Where the rude din of this century Can trouble him no more. These shards carry a special power for me, as if I first heard them in the nursery. I seem, alas, to have set them on an internal loop to the tune of De Camptown Races , that catchy chronicle of running and gambling. It drives me crazy when I can’t make it stop: Can trouble him no more! Trouble him no more! His quaint-perched aerie on the crags of Time Can trouble him no more!”

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1888-1892 - Joyce attends several Jesuit schools

- Thomas Aquinas strong influence

1893 – Father enters into bankruptcy, suspended from work and dismissed with a pension

- family's slide into poverty

- drinking and financial mismanagement

1898 - Joyce attends University College Dublin, studying the classics, English, French and Italian.

1902 - Joyce leaves for Paris to study medicine, which he soon abandons.

- Mother diagnosed with cancer so Joyce returned to Ireland

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1904- Meets Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid.

On 16 June 1904 they had their first outing (the date for the action of Ulysses (as "Bloomsday").

Remained in Dublin for some time, drinking heavily.

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Joyce in Zürich, in 1915 Nora in Zürich, c. 1918 1904–20: Trieste and Zürich

- self-imposed exile in Zürich in Switzerland and then Triest

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- ten years teaching English and writing DUBLINERS and PORTRAIT

- continued drinking habit

- tried various business ventures

- vainly tried to publish

- Never returned to Dublin after 1912

- A maverick, lissome figure, straw-hatted, glasses on nose, and a cane of ashplant in hand (like Stephen Dedalus)

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