I .I INTIlOUUCTION I - COnnecting REpositories · ,i" ,, , u(>u1lly ! i . ane . Libra~y. EducatJon,...

o

1shyLpoundnUEnSIHP t J renn runE ON ACIlOEM I eLl Dllnl1 INSIHP I

n nibtlog~aphical E5~ay j o

by

f I I

INTIlOUUCTION I I

obe-vation on ~ i tt1 fact tt mct continue to c -y t i

routine librlry rvice with or without I dernlp One L apt

to wond library 00

director dO I lib~y managent so situational and so oonshy

the indIvidual

director can have Is 90 minimal

well for -vice r sponslbilitie and

Oollltlnlty but hilS don muct1 1 1 well in sociillizinll them to shybulltake on leadershlp rol So uch 0 that lib ians mOling into leadership and administ-tlon are ometimes surprised by their

tion

treaties In administrative ci~c or management books cannot be

Acadmic

w~po~ in tlr int llectual armory tnAn At y of appropriate I literature en libr -y lederhip and nailltent Successful

dminit- te-s absorb the full spectrum of prtinent Ii tenl turll

1

o bull

bull bull

I

Conceptu 1 F IIgtIWOk A Oofinltton of Ldenhip

bullthee in lib y liter shy

bull bull ture In 1172 Charles Martell a5ked Adlniutr Uon Which

W y---T aditlonal Practicll 0 Modern Thory and concluded that llb ary adlnistntlon had lallen oefully behind In

in nagent theory f om th boavlorl11 and

tioal e lenees Ric d De Genn ro In 11- rticle on

1983 rUc le ntitled Practlce 10

Mangoment bull

Idoptinq

onll1nlzashy

Libnry Libry

bull

pl)llcation 0

dive ted ttention 0 library bull I

lin rt not el nce and u t be practiced 015 such In anoth

Thlty Leed I I Cha l s A MeClue 119801 agultd that lib y an s lleo

povidlng leaderhlp In the solution of societys in ora t I ontl I

p obl In fl ctlvely utilizing0 tehniQues to administer the llb ry In a thoroughly e bull -ehod

p sont ~c~ltion In Amorlcan hgh r edue tlon Orvin L

bull

Shiflett bull

I tht acaulJie librlrlnlp hilS lied to tabll a consitent

fo as p of$lon i5 signfle nt but unwllcoe to ny A thu

M McAnally and Robe t e Downs (19731 eported on the unehc shy j

l bull

I -T

teristically hiQh turnoYQr gtte Of lib y dictO n lt01111shy i I

Lib Thai study 01 22 d11cto-I who had cently II f t ii II

0- incrlSld p su-el on libr ry leador hp and commended III-

soluUons ad cranges I Mo ttlan a dltcade of Ouch analysis and ritici hilS ll~ to I

50_ oul-searching A broad pectrum of allement worlltshop5

i

1 I i ttl ~heoy or 1e-ch into t constitut11ltt111 Or

ineffective library 1 hp

is til -111 t of confUllion bet themiddot concepts 0 l cerSh I p

bIn tho th b od concept of lltldarship II imshy

piled n the rtiele dllcrylng the perceiyed 50-tltI1I of It and

the quite ow 0 lln1t10l pliRO by to-It no ch-

Ih i tendcy in lib y lit tu e like management lit ~o conu tll 00 11 tllcnnl0U1 of at Ictive dminshy -ilt tioll witll l adelIllip Fo troe pUPO of this pjlpe

Ihp wIll be defined 5 one dien~on of mn4gement tro

oill of SOlilll influence It Ihould be notd

hil not diected Ipecifica11l at in1luence

ihoeve

I ~

I

~ bull

t ~~s ill plnning illloeting eou cOs dieminatlng Inlor shy

tion onito lnQ ork te allpoundct the ability 01 librry nlt1gshy

en to eKrci e Inflenee

Most 01 ~he the literAture on 1~deshJp i 10eud on th

imoac t 0 f Hen-v Mint~b-Q

(l Q 73) bull 110 Ilas d lopd h t il undoubtltdly thlr ot COlIr hlnshy

dLcIon of

thi proce 15 the rpound~ult of effecUe relaUenhipfi ith

T implied objeltie 01 lede hip th tfOre i to In1u5e

the o g~iZiltjon wi til purpose and direction and to oUte

to chi e th t olold oqani~ Uon1 qoI~ Crll t output 01 gOOd and ri that met cOnSUmer nd

ad ond to acquire the r soure nees y lor the o gnizshy

tion to expand and urI

llltion to cllangll He hllail v inliltneed bv the eonst int and

equirement placed upon It bv ttllt exte nal envi-onnl

In the context 01 libra v l ad hip thl Iad r t find a way

inlluen outword (library di eeto- t-i to in f_

Ienc ullir itv ollicial to proidl ou ce to fiUppO t

ltxpnion

th IO d ving Of uPpo t) With1n ~he libnv the depl shy

ment head e~s to inlluonee upp- ngenn~ 1n t way

Imiddot1bull

middotbullj bull bullbull j

bull

r

l

bull

I

ObJectivs of the litratu- su-vy I This ~or~ attemDt~ to anSwr two ley questions ebout eC4dem- Ii

i I I1 oht i the tt of lederhllgt within nd outside at

Ilbr rles -Iflectedmiddot in the litorturot the past fltven yer or so~ How do this nd ath r liteatu- at o~ani~ tion 1

behavio helD uS to undrstand th 01 and function ot bull

a llbr y Id r

relltvant bodies of theory nd reseacn will bull

consldr d the subauen l d i Cubullbull ion Iomwha t inconc I us I v I I tor tu u oundin9 the bull tldy of J dshy

shio in many Aspects Sucond thrll Is the bOdy 01 thory It shy

ing to OP ystms and the interction of OQnl~tions with

theIr nvi onments And finally literture on hat constitllt~

oIn I ~a t ion I Id ellectivene will be coldred n

tu n 8lHoe thi discussion it is neclgtssa-y to oview som

suunCE~ OF AOM1NISTRATIVeuro TI~ORY

Lk most 0-9ni~ tlons and D-of~IJons libr-iahip

theoy It Is difficult to -d ny wo-k on

lib-l y a~mnilt-ation withOlt -unnlnQ C-OSS the naml ot mou

locil 5cintI5t i I

I f i

n vilually hll911onc theories 01 Abraham MaslOw Douglas

McG90r Ren ls Ll~ttt F-Ilderick tlerzllerg an~ ~ ~ 1 ~-_ bull

Max leber ntl Hn-l Fltlyol did in arlie tis

Spilic c itiq I ~ doalit lhe-y would include Michael 90ttoley (Prsonnel fIndgl n-t 1183) who was hiQhly c-Itl middot1

11641 I

1IItruclu-li t nO proinet sCholar 01 OnijllniIlCloa1 theory lhO i

I

1979) wtgto suggestd thlll Maslowa td-arlthy 01 n eos 15 potuL

belto1use It fit in well with orilanizatlonoll life not because It

lht the behavlorllli5t5 make unwarranted assumption abQUC

un(lormty of otltoll ano other humn ttribute5 Daniel

Vnklonh lNew Rules Sfhrchng fo- Slllf-FuflJJc 1n World

rurnd Upd~ 00151) nO vt d tne Mlovlan outlook as

it Librr) A CrJtJcal Ov~ri 197~) no 11 sev ly rrit1shy

c1 of MBO SUQ9ltsted that tte idea of job atlltctlon and job

Pltrfonc bull bull r 1 a cu -ltrr ct Itlohlp 1 UUppo-ted

d l ith ttl bull -iees and mbiguities of UvI behavio-

bull

by

I I

] i

u(gtu1lly i

ane Libra~y EducatJon lQS7j S~jjild u~ fluhman analyzed how man- - aq~munt thuo~y is communiClltd in prOQrm of graduate ducatio

in libra~lanhp Hl~ ~tudy pointed out thAt r sua~ch in manaqushy

mnt than

tho of th b hviorl ist IIChool

mad by Ann SChb (Chllng in library Education

fIply 19Sb) and Ruth J Person (~Thv Third CulturlJ Manaqerlill

Socialization in the Library Setting lQS5J

I

LITEIlATURE ON THE STUOV OF LEiIJERSHIP IN MANV ASPECTS

five broad claifications of ttlu concupt of

rhip as a group function (bl luadurhip a an QQrll tion of

f1orson1 trilit t3J leaderhip iI ffuctivlI administration (4) 1d~Shlp

LNdrtlip lOS d group function Th~ erlivst thuorit

C CoOluV (Humn Ndtur nd the 50ci l D~der 1102) t tud th t

th Iudu i always the nucleul of 11 soci 1 movements A 1luaOUship M~n lind FllIlction lQ77) uchod

concept dllscribnQ it s an or9anilatlonal function whe in I II

I

I

I

lt~ i tal ction 0

thO gr-gaol ~ t Ion To some vxtent the con1pt of di5tr~uted

Iadersnlp s fleete-a in current ~tlnlls on p rtlcip~tiva J

anQent E P Hollande (Compt nlte ad Confer-mit in the Acceptae 01 Inf1ueemiddot 1161) tualed inforal Qroup5 in bull

to Cltseo lhe b on which 1 11 Iect-d trle lraup from among thllirmiddotmembership His study 01 whllt i

I t I

eloped in the 1lt1205 nd focused on thO Individual cnarilOccorls- bull

on o-lanizattonal 1~nvl0r and outco

in hi Dr-Uel appellrihg in the Jour of PsycholoQY entitlea

P onl Factor eclated ith Leadership II Survey of literatu enumrlltud typlc1 list of leader tII1t5

bull cillotllty Interperonal Ilk 11 Is socul prtteip tion t1ity

bullslIlr-con11dttnce intelillience domlnantt and task

I t 1amp to be notttd that eh l n 1- t of

Includlld

thl~ list but s I te desc lbld by the IHmll the it (StoQdll

1qal) IS function or CObination of COQnltie emoti~l

pitl d tutonill factrs

Hen 1 Fayols bull

J~

middot r

unctio~ to by tht onytn POSDCCF

or n10 st1IinQ ltlctnll

bullA bri1 IInyi5 01 Fyo $ ~u C r_~ 0 _-

found

11ge31 nd In Robert O 5lul1at d BrbJrll B MoriOns Llbrry

fla~ Webmiddot I rhl Ttflory of Social oJnd Economic Organization

O-9nzation---th CIt df ition of ell p-on functIon and oortinq relationshipS---lInd the lead s th pon lit top of th bu tlucat~c hiHmiddotchy ho has deined tne tas to

be perormed

rie concentrate on vlIltions On ttl two-factor

developed by E FleiShman which IIPpred in an tiel published

by th Jourt11 of ApptJtd Pgylthgy titllld Th Mlrllurmnt of j bullbull

Univr5ly Leadership Studies (19~51 Two-factor theories utili~u

two dlsions to describe ow leadert vary in

Th lniUaUnltl Structure

dimension describe the deqreft to which a leader mphasize task

whilft the Consideration dimension d scribft9 the degree to whichgt leaoer emphsizel Interpersonal conc rn The

l der beh~vlor thoorle~ reflect the earlier ConCern oc

peron I I ty trJllts of tne llad r but hift the ph i to th attLtud nd behOvlor of thlt leader towrd Iubordinates

jbull

(

Th Ohio StAte Studies produced a nUMb~r Of widely

~-

III r i

othlln~

One 01 the MOt populr is eon nted by RObert fi Ulk

Jlne S Moutonfl 1198~1 ~Milnil eril Grid hlch is used to0 I ive r dbac about th ir i1ttltud and i

I

all oCColsions

Vic to H VOOM 1middotLltdhip Revl itld 1977 ) and hi

House A Path-Gaol I Thllo of LedR

1971 GHfin Re I a ti otIsh i OS Inlivldul igeOI

base llective conti nt tyles on tlU~ cetainty the technoloQY

Of the ok d nds of th outsidR nvionMent elative slilbll shy

i ty of 1I0clai and peonal

leaaership as a vriety of social influence

c rt~inmiddotp rsonality trait kills cOMpetancis and role behav-

lo~ that Mak It po ible to e~ert inlluence on tho attitude behaviors of subordinates Thi Clofinitlon buildS on0

othr thories (tait n~ elal skills leaderhip style and behaviOI [

Hollandes 119bOI studi led to the conclusion that I leader il stron ly Influenced by roup nOrm and villu s Tp II

bull I

~ that a shadng 1ociI I

values ~ork skills thod an aQent

nnovtor Ifl der is both influenced by the0 l

in his rHlrch on Management as Symboli~

N Action Th Cration and Mlaquointnanco of Organizational Paradigms (1981) dcribnr a different influnce role l ader

bull O~ilni ZoJ tiona I is thR te hit 8lOgtigns thO et 0+

rationalizations in ~hicn tn organization believes Th tool bull0

0 the 1e dor in symbol ceremonysetting The outcomes arc gots vatues

leader to give the organization ~caning and purpose o

0 DC McClelland the impositlon pf structur and goalgt and the tking of responsibility lor the oganiztions baicmiddot

Idlr cUon are the princip l function of laadrsnlp He define

this a ttle 1ocialized face of po~er herein thll peron i bull

McClollnd and tlis

collllaQu (Th Effect of Po~er Training On COMMunity ct10n AgencilS 1~7)1 designed and tested po r ~otivation ~orkhgpmiddotmiddotit

to slst cO~Munlty actlgn orkers to frec~ social chaml among

ttl rural poor 1n Kntucky

w in an articl On Ladr hip Organizational Structure (117)1 argue ttlat the function of J

leadership i to medillt bet~n nvironMental uncertaintle and

bullorganlzUonal structure Whil Pfeffer (19811 dscribes

i-

t o ~

bullbull

I

II l dbull tgtirgt tu o 0 ~cutie succe5510 as one of

symbol c Itents lhal hit I p to main lain onnizational pdiQs

Mey r th t stabl llndsh i P suit stable

0 9a i z ti on imposed bull Ivadv ship

conlinuity autonomy tich d id

independecogt 010 ~tennl Itn ion n tal locs My bull

const uct tht mo onanizational

chnQ occu durinq periods It ne l bullbulld s take oy

lu inQ pe iods wi thout led shj p tunoe

Ge ald fl 5alncik in his tudY on ~Ld shlp as an

tha t

In th oqanizationl was lated to thei positions in

tn social st uctu JoO

p estiqe JOI) iety and ocial to otr

manaoes

Ih y Mintzb q 1973) p esents tvn non il oles bs d

th actul pomed bY I

bull I I

Intepe sonal ollts FiQu head Liaison 5up iso I

no tion l roles Monito DLllSminator 5pok spson Dllcisional olas

NIfQO l a lO

I

t

bull

I

1I 50ci 1 influence is cltnt 1 to II or the intcoqt-onal OIC5 Ii Also the infoational

that cont ibutf to the l ad middots oC ~~lr~_ ___-bull ~ubull

inllucin~ both ubo dint nd the eKte n1 envl onmnts rI D E

tion 1 Ec i temn t ~ (1 ltgt77) e tanda the f mo k f 0 leadeship vi ami effelts on the o geni~tion by positing th ee levels I

I

of leade ship middothlh I t bull ttll nltJi~ tlo thouqh fou I

i I eM-Uutle Illni~

(tIll)11

11 J IIou bull in tu bi I dl on Bf I e middot r llmeorl to dvalop

hia thaory of ehll ismati I de hiP hih hi based on II set

0 hi ter i a t t

tleul l ltl by Weber Stogdill d othe doi ee bull

c~nlltlene fO lnflte and the bflier in ones o n

fr 107amp Thao y of Cha ismatic Leadarthlp 1977) bull 0 till t 10 spei f Ie Ider bollavio lead the fo110e s to eshy

5fJonltl 001 -tlcllltlon ole modelling of tc value ystem

Ie lid Inl ltlnd communlc tion of hlQh p faane

epectationnd eoflJncltgt In folio

tf 519 t r 11 t numJe 0 f Jool havll pp d in een t y

lh t hie eithe a 000 papule fl a 000 philflsflphical bent ttn

th studle~ clescribnd IO f Wllllt the bflfll hilve in Cflon i

lead---thos~ shy

1

I I 10 inspire othrs to ~ction SuCh books as In 5a~rc1 f

Jnce by Thoa J Peters Id Robert H Wtern (lQB2) Corposhy

the Corpor tJon hy JOhn N i~bitt and Patricia Aburshy

bull In the or ni~tion Id hot the

re bull

J es McGr cr Burns in LdrJr5nip 11Q781 d I oped

ldllrhipmiddotmiddot In lich the lead r looks for potenshy

the full person of tle follo r Mlclal MampltltlIby

r Ladtlr (190ll points out thAt old bvlif about

t~ The ork thic I not d d but it ha not been articulated

tlois e accordin to Mltltoby This articulation 15 the

G th of

ladership focusln on four spcific

I Ii

clear vision lor the organization (21 councatinil it so thllt

trust I Ibull hich nlender 5 1 f shy

bullconfi~nce in other~ bull

HI 11

bull

ledshy

l rilly limited to ule of y~riatlonll on the Ohio Stte Unlyer~ity

0 hi study 00 -Libra-y Ma n aQ Itn t

-eported an application of

0 Both ttgte leadt- nd eleven

su bor din n te leade- lie ore 00 conllide-ation and st-ucture seal ere used

fQulinilS bout hiS leaderhip

0 (19B2) C

administered 00

Ilroup to su- lede- b hYlor and attitudes to 28 SUbordinate

9roup~ totalllnil Lbo ind1viduals public libraries

SUbordinates in thi tudy dec-ibed the1- upe-yillor l bein9

hillhe- on the st-ucture dimension than on the conside-atlon

dimension in comparison to luolPrviso- f-om other oceup tions

initiating st-ucture but than Ollt in conside-ation

1-0 f eU I onal 00 nonprOfe1l5 i on I 5ubo-dinlltes deser1bed

cons1derat10n behavior si ilarly but nonp-ofs10nl dellc-ibed

their supe-vilo- eonsidO-ably hi9h- in initiatn9 t-uctu-e

si9nifiClnt diffe-ences e-e found fo- either dimnlllon

II I

Ii I Ij I

I bull I j

Ii- J

middotfmiddot i i

I

bull bull

1 middot

Richard C Holms 1 his doctoral dlsserttion on The ~

I f1Q831 stdIed

r ImmeOlate s perlors dnd s bordtntesmiddot pli-ceptJonll were

related to I bullbulldrlhip sty I bullbull role clarity (nfl ence of outllide

Qroup on lIbrary decillion-ma~inq and thlt di-ltctorsmiddot powar bas PerCllptionll 0 the dIrector middot poer oer objctJ and (

I~ oolicy-setting dvcisions ere foO to contrlbut most strongly to perceptions of over11 power aO epertise on thlt prt of

fono to contribute significantly lt d i rec tors power

bull n us I

middot bull

II RELnTEIl LITERATURE ON THE STUDY OF LEADERSHIP AND THE IMPACT OF

EXTEflNtIL ENVIRONMENT ON nlE ORGnNIZATION

O1ltgoullO rt dy Cheter [ earnards I fl Funct~on uf

the cvfleutJvfJ 1ltIS81 theory of equilibrium IimphIIi~d the role of

talent to trlt orgnizdtion In tochnQC for monetary nd

but he II led to consider thc effects of othr

contl I t Ion In the env 1 rOnen t

The orqanization a a system of inputs

D i1

Ktz ltlnd Robort L Kahn I rtl Soedl PltyChology of Orgni tions

1 ltI6b I Q781 presen ted the los t fu II Y dllvlI] oped ~os I tion Of wh t

bullbull

jt

l1- ~

that n

bull Iys (Il it Can utiliz numb~r 01 t terlem to ttin control ove ~~tern l lorces nd tllus tnt1n pedictability 0 (21 it can d loP int l modilic~tions 0 the O9ization to eet d bull th ned thO lIn ironmllnt0

James O TIlompson (OrgJ tions in llctJon i967l d lopcl

theories the e ironmmt liS everythlnrl el5 and (]) th I nt middotmiddottask en 1ronentmiddotmiddot bull concpt fl st ticul~ted by Willi R Dill (Eni onm~nt ill an

lnflupnce on Mana e i1 Autonomy 195S1 tha t

each orqilniZlItion ust 5tak~ out 10 its 11 a t ito y

the popultc ed tak en ionmnt

conSst of the customs 5uppli s Comptito and regulatoy

gOUpS directly elated to the organizationmiddots doaln

his doctorl theis on St tuQic Simulation 0 a Lib a yUserl

J

Funcre SYlt (IObSl Rch a E Nnce cre lopud model of

u5 n ea~ ~nd lund allocations Ho e he dealt only with th

to m ke e~penditus in a specific a i based on use cramand and did not consid~ tllbullbull~tnal decision I

Hto allocat to the liby

81111 1y

their e i onents I middotmiddotThe AClld dc Lib y llnd Its

En i onent described only studis that d80lllt ith

-1f bull

middotbull ntn 1

oQlan i za tiona I

Snun til pone

Put11lC

th bull

adapti~ ~ponses 01 public

d Sh ltoneludd thilt in llg d to popultion ennil th

ljtgt~ eho to adilpt to tne changing d mnd bull

bull 01 fln nei l Ou e w coltgtcund ffo t we mde fist

to funding d whm Uat filed tnt nl djutmnt too~

place bullbull

Helen lt Howd l OgltJnit tio 1 Stuetu d Innovtion 1

bull

I but lall d to co Ite it p~ ltiv ly with o g it tlon l it bull

bull

11n31 middot I bull

e ed downw d towad subodinates and the liaion

lt 15 with ltion-ship-s it out id OiInlt tiO 5 d

Within the moe common u 01 the t m lead Ship Is

lunetion combined ad it is In tis -sens that the

of th lead is u d in this dicuSllion

function

individushy middot

~

thl 1 function middot

1

11b41 01inIOI bullbull thi d finition by nti lly

d I ibing the l d a a middle manag by vi tue of the i t shy

face function b tw~n the Subodinate unit nd its nvironment or

bull 1 d Kahn (1978) ~imilarly di5CU5amp two-way )

orientation of the leader middot hilc AK Rice (TIq Enterprise and

Its Eranment lH3) dcrbc lde-hip a bcund y between

ith nt-n1 nd xt - l vironn

Pfleffr and Salancillt (Administrator Elfctivness Effcts of dvmacy nd [nlonation on Achi ing Outcem in an

O-lanizlltional Context 1977) emphasize the [po-lane of outwnj-tacil role of th lder pointing out that if one 1 -

to aS5Umfl lht ffeetive pe-formno bears its own -wrd

int l mlement is of critical importance but that if on

intresls ltontendil then

-cpruen t t on I and negotiating roles become mo

middotHlnificant A principal -ole of tle leader is to 1nlluence ho

th control env1ronnt (eg thl1 prent organi~at10n) valul15 it

RELATED RESEARCHES ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEAOEn EFFECTIYENE55

Anne S Tui in her doctoral tudy of 330 corporate nagshy I

erll in 1161 (A Multiole Constituency Approach Ma n agl1rial I Errct1vene A TIeortical E~ploratory

II Studymiddotmiddot)

bull ffective i a valid and r liable indicator of good maaoemcmt

Pfeffer 1181) alo rgue tht the primry tak of shy

gement ill to provide e~olanation rat1onali~at10n and leQiti shy

mtio J

j I i1His Do~ition i~ that manaQam~nt ~ff~ct5 are Ij

And or llyl)olic thus affactiveness0 jbull

cannot be ~easured directly by outputs ~ince the pr~mary influshy

bull ence i on belillfs attltudliS lind coltmnts I

Hal Pickle and Frank Friedl1nder (Sltven Societal JmiddotIOf Dro~nizational Success iq69l varlivr a tlpnded th ir model

ol

of orlJanlzational effectiven to encompass manllQent actions IThey dlscribld orQanizational outIObullbull IS bull function I

which In turn is determlnllPd in part by middot Imiddotmanagument ability and paron~lty In testinQ their lImple of

nager they found hiQh correltlon of critical ~ I 1bllity ad erbal comnrenenson wth tn 1 1 of satisfaction I

j

of th Iiv ltn prtie-at-(nt relit I

Tu j collboratd with Kirk R Karan In an unpubllGhd

plloer cntl Ued Ef feeti nd DrQlln I z a tionlll

Performnce r st of Cu ality (IltIS41 which e tltnded Pfeffer llne of thought In an e perlmental ~Imultion

naly nQrlal 1Ictlen on the part of th middotmiddot cutle leader

as assssed by a tltam of tern11 raters will l ltld to favorabllt

perfor~ne nd (21 thltlt conrsely faorble

middot 1 bullperforanc 111 I ad to forable Iuatlon of

thv cutl ladermiddot5 milnqcrlll1 ffectlvenes In thl5 Coll5

forblll orQ~niztion11 effocti vnvlS wa d fined as substanti bull

outeo -ch MI fnllflclal 1ucc~I Tsui and Karwan found I

time-I11l d correlations supported thl SlIcond hypothe is and did i

00lt wnich indlcates that p051 ti 1 outeo preced positie e aluation ot

bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M

Lcmbdo nd 101 MCC11 ( Lelldlon th LHbullbull uosltamp~Ga

Irom Siultion of Mrl~eil WOk 11821 Tsul ana Ka an

pointed cut ho ttt mboli oulltoel sulth all ltUon

nd mintlt of 5hd loal and Deanll

affeltt the subtti outltoms of tlw 0901~tion lIint thei

nbcl ilt outcomes

Thlll stgtifl in foeu ro neas~m tl of poductivlty to

potd ll O ld Whetten ho points out In hi tudilts of

11eel

Sc clty 198111 tlMt he chos to 10ltgt1lt ~o grliatlonl of

diseinct1vne tIe than seeklnQ idlcto of any SPlttitic

drnltlo Of If ctien ss

Admilstratie style d

t n L d v lop t bull

8ecuse cellleqes no uniets a unquel dlls1mI in

bull lhominISlr te orf s thy qenote hilthly situational

I~ bull

(ibull middot or llJr~ridns 1tll1 coveeO different aspects of J

I tn Qement lItyl and technique f

MaUCII chant r I ILJbrle 11821 ot On paticioatle manaqent in lib i s middot

I tllcultjh Doth adOli t that PPoach

bull

~tvle til I qui t

According led I An-ean lb hih

occ sl~ lly

110 tall eution belo-e lo lizng them

to be found wher there has bven little tu-novr In 1lOd-Ship

lound

The olin on fosterinq ltoop shy

110n I tlonshlp

e 1lt1 C librarH Other Include

Q 011 dlt 9-OU01l d lh provllion of

tff oQvelopnInt Alsten

199b)

HideD I shidoll ( TIf bi LI tl of Japan Rcue

Abroad bullbull 1980) advocate lh blending 01 Am ican JapaneSlI 9 _nl practic

nodO F WelCh I roholltgtn LJb ie In Japanf15 Society

1176) ho cu~ion-gtint importing 1M J pan tyle in

To hi J pnn gemt lyle as don II

lgtttl ttft nolatvly low status of librarians

dllSll te decades 0 id

8g ley and Bcyd Pycho I 0lt1 h 1

A~~ciated with Perlor~nce EntropreneUl i 1 Firms And S~a 1111- B i middotmiddot 19S71 ucce fu l nalC- ~CYIltS

the a~ q~al tes ~lt lueeltsul entnrp-neu-s bull

illh n d loc aC hI et t tronQ locu

Clll1ll paltr 0 0 bull ~ I I nee 3

t 11ltlt nltl C~Jlt ty 0 ~- rthcr thn

t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc

ft rue tu-d 5i tUlgttionr SueeIitU 1 dmiilt tj

t kem flot x Hlility 0 ideas docisivenlt

action cdllac i ty UC t lnty loyalty 0 i~U tu~ion abo attitud to d

bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

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ltl loped

only b ~Clt1 byO lbhi alo It knon toda

focu 01 mOd lb -jot hol h on

IClllactio11 cui 1~IQs tocliti l 0 polici1

( I end 0 Qultlons catIOQinQ -ul bull oluthoity

~t fOCuI ngtt only on thes 11 d 4 9 lIoltshy

il it il to -lto nd -lin Its p-emC in intlshy

leCu 1 1 t It contlnll fccu paopl

ill I ys 0 peole 111

d 90ls its leaCIls st bll fully

Il~powed inCYduls poa~tlye golessionls knowledgeabll in

~anage~ftnt scen~e and e~P9 ts in ad~lnistatlon

S cl1liYf nd 9 cltlnQ bIlO

th a tH ampnCl _ ~u I 1 of 11

and daptYe

social

I cchnOlcqlCal challeng9s ill St It thg Ilb I ad

0 1 tOday to ld ou Iba into t un~ of t h bull tyshy

centu y

lJUUKl

middot0 Jon ill 11-- Smur l Rlendu) Amricon ond Joponshy~5~ N n t)~~nt P-fJelCfl Now Yorllt Wlte- dv G-uyt - 198b

Il~-J Ch lit I TIf Funelan of Ie Exfcutie M H n tJ Ui itr Igt o~l 1138

lJ nnlI W G bull tlu t Nlln LltI5 Th 5t-t9iS foshyr ~ iii Chgll N Yo~ H p nr1 110 198)

alnllt Aohll l 11 tJ J ne S Mo ton 1fie Ngtnferi 1 G-id IllTi Ky tQ 1ltltltr1l EcIIncf Hoston Te~ G I f Pubshy1 (slinQ Co bullbull 10

Bottoml Mich l H Pe-sontr I NnQ~fH Plyo th MCshyuo tl tl Ebull 1983

lJu~ns Jm McG-ego 1178

Caln Michel D nd J eli G Meh Ledership dna AtnQuily rhf Rfrlcn College Prf51denc 2d ed Bosto Hr d lJuns School 118b

Cooley CH flu Nu-ff dnd co 50ci 1 0-0- SC ibn -middot 1902

Del enc E bull and Allffn~ Kannedy Corporde Cultur The Rt ond RltU I or Corpo- c Lift neild M lddlson-Wesley Publlihlnq Co bullbull 1982

Etl0ni A it Nader OrgonlZoUS Enltjl od Cliffs N J Prtntict-Hall 196

E~n G Ednl N o~m nr rathnJ(llJtr5 for LitJ-Jrin5 2d d N Yo ~ lc o ic P II 1983

Fyol I-ri GN~rl d InlJU5trl1 l1n nl Iondon itn 1949

Fleishn E bullbull EF Hr-is dl E Bu-tr L ad~rlio lind SuP-lpn n Induitry_ Cclumbu5 Ohio bull Bu of Edushyention 1 ROIgtCh Ohio Stilt uinsJty 19))

Hunt JOhn w Ndndng Pfple ot Nrlt P Nd ge-middots GUlde 10 8t1ou- n OrQnloIJon5 London McG a -Hill 1979

ltat bullbull Onil 1d Robert L lt I Ttl Soci l PychI9Y of 0-gtl0 New yo ~ John Wiley nO Son 1166

12d d bullbull 101

11eltaDy HLch 1 Nw Vo k IBI

he New Caparate Leders New Vok 1176

MChnt MP PrCiepCve rbulln ( n ~e d ic Librrn Wotpo t CO GnwQod p ~~ 117amp

Mnt=b l f1en y 10 fldtU of 1I9rl Worlt N yo k Il p~ ~nO Ro 173

Nbitt JOhn no Pat ie AOud nCe Reinven(ng te Corpo~

rdtIOl N w Vok I lIo0k5 1185

Pntlt5 lho i and Robt H Wtern J In 5rc Clf E~eel I~c L5sons ra 1lrJlts 8st~Run Compumiddots N Va k Hprn Row S2

RA SJ)d ur In9MC Theory nd Llbrdry Education N York GenwOOd 107

he En(Qrpr~e nd london TvrshyPublicaton 16=

Rio Jol n NiJngemn C or L0 r 5 ~undmtilI5 ses Wtgtltpot Conn G nwood P lQaO

S Q Dond J PrJepdcOry IIdn9n in Lbrries Me tuc ten Ii J Se ltc ow Pess 11a2

S yle 1R 1Ibullbull n1middotJ 1 8(1vJor IldmJfI5tHiofl in Compl OniJnJiJtanbull New Vo k MeG w ~ltll Sook Co bullbull 1964

Sh f l tt O n l OrIIlOl of r~c8 IlcCttC Lorr-nshy f1 l~oood 1~J bl 1191

StlCl Snunltt Qrf nloiJtOMJ1 ~df1ttJon tJyPublic LJbraribullbull Westpe t Con G ood P~s lfg1

StltlQdlll R M HnClJaalr of LedershJp 11 Surv(fY of heory nd R(fleh N Yo k Thr F P S5 1971

StOfdi I S Hlt1000~ 0 Leddtt p Rev fld panded by B ltI M as r~e VQk t h F e P55 1981

Rob t D and 1I b~a B 110n LJlJ ry rrdnfmiddotH vd littl tOh Celo lib ri bull Unllite 1997

tompson Orgdn=tlons in l1etlon New yo llt MeG J 5 O _Hi I I Book Co 1961

No

loIalch Theooo F ToshO Ilble5 J Jilpdf15 Society CIicQc Am c Llby A5$Ccition 176

VnlltIOich JgtnH Ne Rul s Sf)Cin9 ro S lr-FulfJJlmfmt 11 NoJd Tu ed Up~gtid Vo New Yorllt RandO Hou5e 1981

flRTICLES

B15 A Leadhlo Miln nd Function In BM SUw (dl Psychol091CJ1 Foudatlos or a9i1iziltionill Sior Santa Monic Calif Goodya PubliShing Co 1177 IlP 321-9

1l1~II1Y Tho~ M Ilnd Daid Bovd Pllycholdqicl Chanctllrlshytics A5t1ooci t d ith Pefo nce In Entreorneuril Fi and Sller Butloi Jourill or Busi s nturing 2 IWinter 11871 79-8~

Il rle D E Uder5hllgt gtna OrgMiaUon 1 EMcit ent In IlM Sta led l Pltycrtologcal IOlmelat1ons or arg1n1zatlo lie v J or Sa t~ Mol 1c a C III Goodyear Publishlng 0 I In 00329-313

0 G o l1ich -lt) Lb-a-y Ac nitntofl and N MnaQt Svtmiddotmiddot Llby Joural 103 lOeccmb- 11 19781 2477_ 2482

Theo-y P-Ictice I Lb ay l1anag~mntM LiOy Journal 108 (July 110~1 1318-1311

Oil I WIlli R middotmiddotEni-onnt I Influnc on fl~nille-Ia I flu toncy IldmnJt~ tJVJi 5C1JinCpoundt (urterly 2 (19181 09shy~~~

0 on C L ade- Beha I 0- Chln9 inq L b InC McshyClu-It ana lIfl Suls ledl SCrateq for Librry painshystriltlon Concpt nd Approcl Littlvton Colo Libshymiddotr ~ Unli iteltJ 182 pp 96-101

Fl lsl E TI Msu- nt 01 Ldersnip Attitude In Iat-y Journltll c r Appl eel PsycfloJ09yn 119~3) 113-8

G-Ifj RW RIlIUontltj05 aoil InaIdul TaBIlt Oosiilfl and Laae- 8ehavior Varl bles ACildmy of Ndnaqltmqnt JourfloJJ 13 (JqOOI bol-693

Hollande- EP Copetce and Conlormity in the Acclotance 01 Iuenlt middotmiddot JourilJ of ll0nordl nd 50cil11 PsycfJdJogy 61

bull bull

EmrQent Leaderhlp and Socll Influomce In L Petrullc and 8M Cha (ltdsl Leadership and InCerpltronal 89hdVio No York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1161 pp 30-47

House R J A 1976 Theory of Chrisatic Leade-hlgt In J G Hunt lnd LL Lrltampon Lladership Ch CuCti9 Edqlt Crbondlle Southern lilinois University P s 1177 Illl 199-207

A Path-Goal Thltory 01 Leads- Effectivea ftdminshyiCnHivlt Sciltc~ Ourcrly 16 (19711 321-338

Hord Hltl n A Onlanilationol St ucturll and Innovation Academic Lib rilts Colllt~ and Rltsltarch Librribullbull t 1 181 I 425-434

Ihd Hidc T I ability of Jap Hu Rbullbullourc MQe t Abroad Hwftan esourcl t1dnagemn C 25 (Spr ing 1186) 103-20

LObrdo MM and MW McCall J Lade on th Lin Observations fo a Simulation of Managerial Work I JG Hunt U Selltaran and CA Schrieshei (ltdsJ LItdltrhip Oyond ECAb1lshenC Vi s Carbondale Southern IllinOl5 Unlversity Pre 1982

LynCh 8vly P The Academic Library nd it EnvJronnt Co1leQ and Rnsearch LJorri 35119741 126-132

McAnally Arthur M nd RObert B Dons Tnlt tnll QinQ Role of Directors of Univ -sity Lib a ilt CoJIp and R~5~Arch

LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125

MCClelland DC S Rhinmith and R Kristensen Tlle E11~cts

of po~r Trainin9 on Community Action AQenclsmiddotmiddot Journ J of IIpplJd Behavior l St~etl 11 (1975) 12-111

tlcClu~ CR Librgtry MolnolQas Coln Thlty MnaQe Will They Ld L- brdry Journ J (Nov ber 15 1980) 2388-2391

Mart l) enbull -Ie Administration Which Way---TdiUonal Pracshytice 0 ModClrn Ttgtory COllltQe lInd Resedrch Librdri s 33 (Mach 19721 104-112

middotmiddotMythS SchoolinQ and te PrilcticR of Libra ianhip Col Jele nd ReserCh Librri~ 45 (Septe b 19B4) 374-382

MeYllr Mar hall W LRadershio and OrQanilationalStructurR lmr~cn JournAl of SocJol09Y 81 1l75l 514-542

Michalko Jlmas ManaQement by ObJecUvRs and the Acadlll1c Lib ry A CrlUcal Overvio Librry OuarCerJy 41

I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2

Or-n ~er-r-old Futur-e ACdemic Libr-ar-y Admiistr-~tion--shy

Whithr- or Whlth r- In E n Ir-a F~r-be and Ruth wlllllnQ leds) rhe ACildlMllC L~middotbnry Essys ~-n

HOllr- of Guy R Lyl Metuchen N~ 5c~rcr-ow Pr-e5s 1971 pp a2-9~

Pfffr- ~elfr-y The Aoil ity of Lader-ship Academy of f1nOIlnf Revl 2 (1977) 104-112

-----0 middotmiddotMn ltj ent SyOolic Action The Cr-atlon and Mainshytn~nc of Or-ltjanlztional Pr-dIO Rbullbullbullbullrch in Org~nizJshytion l BhJvior 3 (1991) 1-~2

___ and Gr-ld R Sillancik Admiistrator Effctlvness The Elfect 01 Advocacy and InformUon em AchievnO OutshycOllie in an Orlanlzatl0n1 ContQt HUMn RJtions 30 (19771 041-bl6

PiCkle Hl and Frank Fr-iedlmd r 5 n Societal Criteria 01 Or-on1zt1onal Success prsomel Psychology 20 (19b91 161-178

Salanclk Grald R Leder-shlp an Outeo of Socilll Strucshytur and Pr-eces In JG Huntand LL La son leds) LIJdnh~p FrcnUrsmiddot Kent Ohio COlllparati Ad lnlstr-ashyti Rsarch InsUtute lCent Stat Uni ity 197~

SCh b Ann ChnQes in LI br- ry EduC a t ion Th Dens Rep I y Special Libr rie 77 (Fll 198b) 217-2~

Spa-ks R Librar-y Mnoent Considerationbullnd Structure rho )our 1 of ACdomic Librrinship 2 (197b) 66-71

StoQdlll I1M Pe sonl Factors Associated with Leaderhip A Sur ey of th Lit r-at r- JournJl of Psychology 2~

11948) 31-71

0011 ietor H Ladrhip 111slted In SI1 Staw ledl Psychol 0li ca I Foundt~ons of Orpani=ation l 8ehJvior Santa Monica Calif Goody PublishlnQ Co 1177 pp 343-3~l

UNPUBLISHED wonlC

HolliI Richard C The AC1ldic Library Directo middots pr-ceied Power- and Its Correlates Ph D diss Unlrity of Minshyn ot lQ83

Nnce Richad E StrteQic Simultion of bull LibiryUser-IFunder Syste PhO di bullbull Purdue Uni e ity 1968

bull P Ofl Ruth J Middle Milngers in ACademic tld PIlIlJl~

Libr llu 110bull -11 Role COflcflpt PhD dl Unive - I ity 01 MichioJlI 1980

fsui Anne S F Multiplv ConstihlIIfOCY Approach to ManilQerlal II Effectivenes A Tto tica F orllt and an epLo tory I Study PhD ltIi University of Califd-i La AnQel s 1981

___-- Tn (llily 01 Manao i Perfor nce Ratings 1rom Multipllt Rters 5001 EMtendd oiInd Critical Findings UnPubl ishd pap 198~

---c and 1lt11lt R Kr fUnagjI Eff ctivn O anizatioltlI Perlor ce A Test 01 Causality IUnpUbshy bull 111d pap 1984

IWhttttn D6d ManUilin9 lor Effectiveness DurinQ Tims of bull

Scare ty Uopubl ishpd paper del1verd at Arican Assoshyelation 10shy Highl1r Education MeetinQ ChicaQo March 11 I lB4

- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

bull bull

I

Conceptu 1 F IIgtIWOk A Oofinltton of Ldenhip

bullthee in lib y liter shy

bull bull ture In 1172 Charles Martell a5ked Adlniutr Uon Which

W y---T aditlonal Practicll 0 Modern Thory and concluded that llb ary adlnistntlon had lallen oefully behind In

in nagent theory f om th boavlorl11 and

tioal e lenees Ric d De Genn ro In 11- rticle on

1983 rUc le ntitled Practlce 10

Mangoment bull

Idoptinq

onll1nlzashy

Libnry Libry

bull

pl)llcation 0

dive ted ttention 0 library bull I

lin rt not el nce and u t be practiced 015 such In anoth

Thlty Leed I I Cha l s A MeClue 119801 agultd that lib y an s lleo

povidlng leaderhlp In the solution of societys in ora t I ontl I

p obl In fl ctlvely utilizing0 tehniQues to administer the llb ry In a thoroughly e bull -ehod

p sont ~c~ltion In Amorlcan hgh r edue tlon Orvin L

bull

Shiflett bull

I tht acaulJie librlrlnlp hilS lied to tabll a consitent

fo as p of$lon i5 signfle nt but unwllcoe to ny A thu

M McAnally and Robe t e Downs (19731 eported on the unehc shy j

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11n31 middot I bull






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~


1























mtio J






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bull bull bulltl

bullbull

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nbcl ilt outcomes



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bull

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110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

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d -tQItio

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centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

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Hen 1 Fayols bull

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jbull

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II I

Ii I Ij I

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11n31 middot I bull






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~


1























mtio J






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j














bull bull bulltl

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110n I tlonshlp




199b)














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12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

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] i

u(gtu1lly i



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I









I

I

I

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II I

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~


1























mtio J






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j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

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I~ bull





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110n I tlonshlp




199b)














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0 control

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12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

I

I

lt~ i tal ction 0





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Hen 1 Fayols bull

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II I

Ii I Ij I

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~


1























mtio J






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

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bull

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110n I tlonshlp




199b)














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d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

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centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

middot r




found




be perormed











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II I

Ii I Ij I

I bull I j

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~


1























mtio J






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j














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bullbull

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I~ bull





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~tvle til I qui t


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110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

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of

d -tQItio

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centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I


~-

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othlln~



I

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II I

Ii I Ij I

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place bullbull


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bull

11n31 middot I bull






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~


1























mtio J






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j














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I~ bull





bull

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110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

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of

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centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I













McClollnd and tlis







i-

t o ~

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manaoes


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t

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HI 11

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II I

Ii I Ij I

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place bullbull


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~


1























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j














bull bull bulltl

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I~ bull





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~tvle til I qui t


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110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

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oc




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of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

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centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

bullbull

I











tha t




manaoes


th actul pomed bY I

bull I I



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I

t

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(tIll)11



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I Ii




HI 11

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administered 00











II I

Ii I Ij I

I bull I j

Ii- J

middotfmiddot i i

I

bull bull

1 middot


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11n31 middot I bull






function

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~


1























mtio J






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j














bull bull bulltl

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I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


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110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

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y i cnm t m01lishy

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centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

I





I


i I eM-Uutle Illni~

(tIll)11



0 hi ter i a t t










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1





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I Ii




HI 11

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ledshy







0 (19B2) C

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II I

Ii I Ij I

I bull I j

Ii- J

middotfmiddot i i

I

bull bull

1 middot


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81111 1y



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place bullbull


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bull

11n31 middot I bull






function

individushy middot

~


1























mtio J






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


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lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

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re bull







G th of


I Ii




HI 11

bull

ledshy







0 (19B2) C

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II I

Ii I Ij I

I bull I j

Ii- J

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I

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1 middot


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81111 1y



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place bullbull


bull


bull

11n31 middot I bull






function

individushy middot

~


1























mtio J






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

ledshy







0 (19B2) C

administered 00











II I

Ii I Ij I

I bull I j

Ii- J

middotfmiddot i i

I

bull bull

1 middot


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bull n us I

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bullbull

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J





81111 1y



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th bull






place bullbull


bull


bull

11n31 middot I bull






function

individushy middot

~


1























mtio J






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

bull bull

1 middot


I f1Q831 stdIed






bull n us I

middot bull









D i1



bullbull

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J





81111 1y



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middotbull ntn 1

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Snun til pone

Put11lC

th bull






place bullbull


bull


bull

11n31 middot I bull






function

individushy middot

~


1























mtio J






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

bullbull

jt

l1- ~

that n










J





81111 1y



-1f bull

middotbull ntn 1

oQlan i za tiona I

Snun til pone

Put11lC

th bull






place bullbull


bull


bull

11n31 middot I bull






function

individushy middot

~


1























mtio J






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

middotbull ntn 1

oQlan i za tiona I

Snun til pone

Put11lC

th bull






place bullbull


bull


bull

11n31 middot I bull






function

individushy middot

~


1























mtio J






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I




















mtio J






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I






ol




j














bull bull bulltl

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

bullbull

~nd M






nbcl ilt outcomes



11eel








I~ bull





bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

bull

~tvle til I qui t


occ sl~ lly



lound


110n I tlonshlp




199b)














t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I




t middot_ - shy c

0 control

-- pound shy

oc




bnltlS

of

d -tQItio

y i cnm t m01lishy

ltl loped














and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I






and daptYe

social



centu y

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

lJUUKl
















12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

12d d bullbull 101



















No



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I



flRTICLES











bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

bull bull









LbrArJlt34 (1973) 103-125








I -~

bull

I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

l~uly 197~)23S-2S2












11948) 31-71


UNPUBLISHED wonlC










- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I








- ( 111 1

bull

bull I

- middoti I

I .I INTIlOUUCTION I - COnnecting REpositories · ,i" ,, , u(>u1lly ! i . ane . Libra~y. EducatJon,...

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Transcript of I .I INTIlOUUCTION I - COnnecting REpositories · ,i" ,, , u(>u1lly ! i . ane . Libra~y. EducatJon,...