I. Ectoderm. 60 X 1.Neural tube3. somite 5. yolk sac 7. aorta 2.Amniotic cavity 4. nephrogenic cord...
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Transcript of I. Ectoderm. 60 X 1.Neural tube3. somite 5. yolk sac 7. aorta 2.Amniotic cavity 4. nephrogenic cord...
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BASIC EMBRYONIC BODY PLAN
I. Ectoderm
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60- hourchick
embryo15x
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60 X
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Neural crest development
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Neural crest again
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Mesoderm
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1. Neural tube 3. somite 5. yolk sac 7. aorta2. Amniotic cavity 4. nephrogenic cord 6. notochord 8.
embryonic coelom
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Development of the Heart
Splanchnic mesoderm : an area of the endoderm induces development of the cardiogenic mesoderm ; BMP, FGF
Heart and great vessels form from bilaterally paired tubes that fuse in the midline beneath the foregut to produce a single tube
See p. 118, Figure 6-15 Layers of the single tube:
endocardial lining “cardiac jelly” Myocardium Epicardium
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The straight tubular heart
Endocardial tubes fuse one tube
Common cardinal veins flow into R and L sinus venosus
Sinus venosus leads to atrium Atrium leads to ventricle Outflow tract = truncus arteriosus
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D-loop-- S-shape
See p. 117, Figure 6-14.
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Blood and Blood Vessels
Blood islands form in mesodermal wall of yolk sac ( note: extraembryonic )
Blood islands contain hemangioblasts Inducer may be signaling molecule Indian
hedgehog Central part of blood islands
hemocytoblasts Peripheral cells endothelial cells lining the
vessels.
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Development of the Endoderm
See Figure 6-20, p. 122 Three divisions: Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut FGF-4 influences devel. of the hindgut Hox genes + retinoic acid regulates
regional development along the digestive tract
1) Flat intraembryonic sheet of endoderm 2) Lateral body folds form that sheet into
a tubular structure 3) Head and Tail folds form foregut,
hindgut
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Hox genes determine the form, number, and evolution of repeating parts, such as the number and type of vertebrae in animals with
backbones. In the developing chick (left), the Hoxc-6 gene controls the pattern of the seven thoracic vertebrae (highlighted in
purple), all of which develop ribs. In the garter snake (right), the region controlled by the Hoxc-6 gene (purple) is expanded
dramatically forward to the head and rearward to the cloaca.