“I am still learning.” - Michelangelo, 1560, at age 85.
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Transcript of “I am still learning.” - Michelangelo, 1560, at age 85.
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“I am still learning.” - Michelangelo, 1560, at age 85
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Developmental Psychology
The study of YOU from womb to tomb.We are going to study how we change physically,
socially, cognitively and morally over our lifetimes.
OLD AGE AND GRIEVING
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Physical Changes
• Muscular strength, reactionary time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output all crest in the mid-twenties
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In 2002, George Blair became the world’s oldest barefoot water skier, 18 days after his 87th birthday.
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Gradual Decline in Fertility
• Chances of pregnancy for a 35-39 year old are half that of a 19-26 year old
There is a gradualdecline in spermcount andtestosterone for
men.
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Adulthood: Physical Development
Menopause – approximately age 50 the time of natural cessation
of menstruation also refers to the biological
changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
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Adulthood: Physical Development
The Aging Senses
10 30 50 70 900
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Proportion of normal (20/20) vision when identifying letters on an eye chart
Age in years
A 65-year old’s eye only receives 1/3 as much light as a 20 year old’s does
“Don’t you need light for reading?”
Most stairway falls taken by older people occur on the top step, precisely where the person typically descends from a window-lit hallway into the dark stairway.
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Adulthood: Physical Development
The Aging Senses
Age in years
10 30 50 70 9050
70
90
Percent correct whenIdentifying smells
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Adulthood: Physical Development
The Aging Senses
10 30 50 70 9050
70
90
Percent correct whenidentifying spokenwords
Age in years
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Adulthood: Physical Development
Slowing reactions contribute to increased accident risks among those 75 and older.
12
10
8
6
4
2
016 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 and
over
Fatal accident rate
Age
Fatal accidentsper 10,000 drivers
Fatal accidentsper 100 million miles
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French woman Jeanne Calment, the oldest human in history with authenticated age, died in 1998 at age 122. At age 100, she was still riding a bike. At age 114, she became the oldest film actor ever, by portraying herself in Vincent and Me.
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Health• Good news: accumulation of anti-bodies
results in less short-term ailments (flu or cold)• Bad news: immune system
weakens, making the body more susceptible to ailments such as pneumonia or cancer
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Memory
• Brain regions important to memory atrophy with aging– By age 80, contributes to a total brain weight
reduction of 5%– Frontal lobe atrophies – causes overly blunt
questions such as “Did you put on weight?”– Exercise promotes neurogenesis – birth of new
brain cells
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Adulthood: Physical Development
Incidence of Dementia by Age
Risk of dementiaincreases in lateryears
60-64 70-74 80-84 90-95 65-69 75-79 85-89
Age Group
40%
30
20
10
0
Percentagewith dementia
Dementia: mental erosion of the brain (substantial loss of brain cells)
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Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by first loss of smell, then a gradual
deterioration of memory, reasoning, emotion, language, and finally, physical functioning
Deterioration of brain cells that produce acetylcholine - messenger
“I don’t want to attain immortality through my work; I want to attain immortality by not dying.” – Woody Allen (film director)
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Adulthood: Cognitive Development
Recalling new names introduced once, twice, or three times is easier for younger adults than for older ones (Crook & West, 1990).18 40 50 60 70
Age group
Percentof namesrecalled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
After oneintroductions
After twointroductions
Older age groups have poorer performance
After three introductions
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Types of Intelligence
Crystallized Intelligence
• Accumulated knowledge.
• Increases with age.
Fluid Intelligence• Ability to solve
problems quickly and think abstractly.
• Peaks in the 20’s and then decreases over time.
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Adulthood: Social Development
Early-forties midlife crisis?
Females
Males
No early 40semotional crisis
33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 Age in Years
24%
16
8
0
Emotionalinstability
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Adulthood: Social Changes
Social Clock the culturally preferred timing of
social eventsmarriageparenthoodretirement
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Marriage
• Most likely to occur when after 20 and educated
• Why is divorce rate going up?– Women’s lessened
economic dependence– Rising expectations on
both sides
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Adulthood: Social Changes
Multinational surveys show that age differences in life satisfaction are trivial (Inglehart, 1990).
0
20
40
60
80
15 25 35 45 55 65+
Percentage “satisfied”with lifeas a whole
Age group
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Adulthood: Social Changes
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Death• Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s
Stages of Death/Grief.
1.Denial2.Anger3.Bargaining4.Depression5.Acceptance
**Not everyone goes through them all and not necessarily in this order