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National Aer~nautics and Space Administration Lyndon 8. Johnson Space Csnter Houston, Texas

Preface

URlNG AMERICA'S SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHTS press and public attention focuses on the Johnson Space Center in Houston. The press and public often put questions to JSC technical and management staff. This fourth JSC Almanac supplies answers for many such questions, and pro-

vides an informational resource for speeches to general interest groups. This Almanac is not necessarily comprehensive or definitive. It is not intended as a statement of JSC or NASA policy. However, it does provide a much needed compilation of information from diverse sources. These sources are given as ref- erences, permitting the reader to obtain additional information as required. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and to reconcile statistics, users requiring the most up-to-date and accurate information should contact the office supplying the information at issue. The Almanac is updated periodi- cally as needed. The following off ices were responsible for supplying material for this update.

AC Director's Office ........................................ Organizational Structure

AH Human Resources Office ......................... JSC Workforce

.................................. BB Procurement Office Procurement Activities

LA Comptroller's Office .................................. NASAIJSC Budget Activities Economic Impact JSC Workforce

KA Space Station Projects Office .................. Spacecraft DimensionsIFlight Summary Information

CA Flight Crew Operations ............................. NASA Manned Space Program Summaries

JA Center Operations Directorate ................. History of JSC Real EstateIPhysical Location Training and Test Facilities/LaboratoriesIAircraft

AP Public Affairs Office .................................. History of NASA History of JSC NASA Manned Space Program Summaries

Readers with suggtlstions for corrections or improvements to this Almanac should report them to Management Services DtvisionIJM.

William A. Larsen Chief, Management Services Division

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Contents

I. History of NASA

11. History of JSC

Ill. NASA Manned Space Program Summaries

IV. Spacecraft Dimensions/Flight Summary Information

V. organizational Structure

VI. Real Estate/Phvsical Locat ion

VII. Training and Test Facilities/Laboratories/Aircraft

VIII. JSC Workforce

IX. Procurement Activities

X. NASAIJSC Budget Activities

XI. Economic Impact

Xil. Bibliography

PR6CWWNC PAGE BLANK NOT FKMED

I . History of NASA

I. History of NASA

0 N MARCH 3, 191 5, President Woodrow Wilson signed a Navy appropriations bill with a rider establishing the National

Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA! to address the United States effort in aeronautical research. In June 1920, the first NACA facility opened in Langley, Virginia (see map). In August 1939, a second facility was authorized at Moffett Field, California (Ames), followed soon by another in C!eveland, Ohio (Lewis Research Center).

The space age began on October 4, 1957, whan the U.S.S.R. launched Sputnik I, the first orbiting artificial Earth satellite. That event sparked intense interest of the United States in space exploration. Congressional committees quickly developed a space policy that was signed on July 29, 1958 by President Dwight Eisenhower. The National Aeronautics and Space Act created a civilian agency to conduct research in the fields of aeronautics and space science. It designated the United States as a leader in the utilization of space researsh for peaceful scientific and engineering purposes.

NASA's first Administrator, Keith Glennan, was appointed on October 1, 1958. The Deputy Administrator was Hugh L. Dryden. Its initial organizational core consisted of 8000 employees of NACA, and certain elements of the Department of Defecse concerned with scientific Earth satellite and lunar probes, the International Geophysical Year Satellite Program (Vanguard), the Army's von

Braun Team and its Saturn Launch Vehicle Project, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It was the first agency created from so many diverse programs that exhibited geometric growth in its earfy years.

NASA was different in both its method and its goals from other Government agencies. Created largely as a national response to Soviet space initiatives, it was organized to achieve specific objectives. Unlike NACA, it directed a large-scale research and development program performed largely under contract with industry. NASA's high- est total employment year was in 1965, when it employed 34,300 (8.3 percent) Federal employees and 376,700 (91.7 percent) private sector contractor employees. Its unusual scientific, technological, and management challenges during the early year: made NASA an agency different from all the others. NASA inherited personnel and programs from other established research and development agencies of the Government and thereby quadru- pled in 10 years. NASA also displayed an uncom- mon unity of general management as its top managers worked together in interlocking roles rather than in a multilevel management structure. An extensive documentation system was established with an open-loop communications system to ensure that engineering specifications and technical management decisions were imple- mented properly. By law, NASA's programs were open and unclassified, aliowing it to operate continuously under public scrutiny. 0

NASA Major and Component installations

Ames Reserch Center (Caliroma)

Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research Facility ARC C o m ~ ~ i e n t (California)

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California)

Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (Texas)

White Sands Test Facility JSC Component (New Mexico)

George C. Marshall Space Flighi Center (Alabama)

Michoud Assembly Facility MSFC Component (Louisiana)

Slideii Computer Complex MSFC Component (Louisiana)

Lewis Rerearch Center (Ohio)

Langiey Research Center (Virginia)

John F. Kennedy Space Center (Florida)

John C. Stennis Space Center (Mississippi)

NASA Headquarters (Washington, D. C.)

Goddard Space Flight Center (Fllaryland)

Wallops Flight Facillty GSFC Component (L'irginia)

I I. History of JSC

It. History of JSC

0 NE OF NASA's first programs was Project Mercury. The Space Task Group at Lan~ley Research Center under Robert R.

Gilruth was initially formed with 36 members. Within 2 years, the efforts supporting Project Mercury had grown so large that a new installation was sought. Twenty sites for the new facility were considered in Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, California, and Massachusetts. In September 1961, NASA Admini5:iator James E. Webb announced that Houston had been selected. With the commit- ment of President John F. Kennedy, on May 25, 1961, to a lunar landing mission, the Space Task Group was redesignated as the Manned Spacecraft Center in November 1961.

In September 1961, NASA requested the assistance of the Army Corps of Engineers in the design and construction of the new center to be built on 1020 acres of land given to Rice University by the Humble Oil and Refining Company (now Exxon). Rice deeded the land to the Government, and another 600 acres was purchased from Rice. The first phase of construction began in April 1962; the first permanent facilities were comple:ed in Septembor 1963. Final construction of all initial facilities was completed in April 1964. The first move of personnel from Langley to Houston occurred i? October 1962. Because construction of permanent facilities had not yet been completed, personnel were located in temporary converted apartment buildings, offices, and industrial buildings at 12 sites in southeast Houston plus facilities at Ellington Air Force Base (now Ellington Field). In February 1964, personnel began occupying the permanent facilities at Clear Lake. In February 1973, the Center was renamed the Lyndon 0. Johnson Space Center (JSC) in honor of the late President.

The JSC is now one of the nine major NASA field installations. The Center has been responsible for developing the Gemini spacecraft, the Apollo command and service mcdule, and the lunar mod ule. Modifications to the command and service module for the Skylab ana Apollo-Soyuz Test Project were also engineered at JSC. Currently, JSC is responsible for the design, development, and productiqn of the Space Shuttle Orbiters includ-

ing integrating all major elements into the Space Shuttle system; testing of manned spacecraft systems; development and integration of space flight experiments; application of space technology; medical and space science research; selection and training of astronauts; operation of manned space flights.

Concurrent with the establishment of JSC, NASA realized that a specialized spacecraft propub sion test capability would be needed within the Agency to support the tight Apollo program schert ules imposed by the Kennedy mandate. Accordingly, the White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) was constructed near Las Cru8zs, New Mexico, to perform space systems testing of a hazardous nature. The isolated location and stable climate were ideally suited for large-scale, noisy, or hazardous tests. Propulsion testing began in 1964 with development and certification tests of the Apollo service propulsion system, lunar and service module reaction control subsystems, and the lunar module ascent and descent engines. Materials and components test laboratories were added in 1967 to support recovery from the Apollo fire, and these laboratories continue to provide unique test support for the Space Shuttle and now the Space Station programs. In the mid-1 9703, the Shuttle orbital maneuvering subsystem and reaction control sub system engines were qualified, and testing of these systems is continuing. Presently, WSTF is preparing to support long-term testing for the Space Station Program.

The present and future of space exploration come together when astronauts test experiments and hardware for Space Station on Shuttle missions. Astronal~ts are training for spacewalks to develop our experience base for on ohit assembly and maintenance of Space Station.

Space Cerlter Houston opened in October 1992. Space Center Houston is supported and directed by a non-profit foucihtion. JSC cooperates with Space Center Houston by opening its doors to tour groups and loaning historic space hardware formerly housed at the Building 2 visitor's center. Its relationship with Space Center Houston is part of Johnson Space Center's ongoing effort to enhance public understanding of the space program.0


PROJECT MERCURY

Project Mercury, America's first manned space flight program, officially began on October 7, 1958. Seven astronauts were chosen in April 1959. The program consisted of six flights totaling 53 hour; in space and was filled with a number of firsts. The first manned suborbital flight was on May 5, 1961, when Alan B. Shepard, Jr., was launched aboard Freedom 7 and became the first American in space. The secgnd suborbital flight with Virgil I. Grissorn resulted in the first loss or a spacecraft in the history of manned flight when the Liberty Bell s a ~ k before recovery ships arrived. After this fl'zbt, Redstone boosters were replaced by Atlas rockets for the remaining Mercury flights. On February 20, 1962, John H. Glenn, Jr., aboard Friendship 7 became the first American to orbit the Earth. On October 3, 1962, Walter M. Schirra, Jr., landed Sigma 7 successfully in the Pacific Ocean. All previous flights had Adantic recoveries. Finally, on May 16, 1963, L. Gordon Cooper concluded the $392.6 million program by cc~pleting 22 orbits in 34 hours in Faith 7. The Project Mercury program successfully met all of its objectives - to place a manned spacecraft in Earth orbit and then recover the man and spacecraft safely, to demonstrate man's ability to survive and perform in the space environment, and to develop basic space technology and hardware for future manned space flight programs.

PROJECT GEMINI Or? Deceniber 7, 1961, NASA announced a plan to develop a two-man spacecraft. On January 3, 1962, this program officially bcame Project Gemini. It was created to develop technologies essential for a lunar mission (i.e., rendezvous and docking), building an experience base to bridge the gap between Projects Mercury and Apollo. Its major objectives were to develop the orbital mecharllcs of rendezvous and docking, to perfect methods cf reentrj and landing, and to gain additioral infonation on the medical and physiological effects of weightlessness on aewrnembers during longduration flights. The first Gemini flight nn April 8, 1964, was

unmanned in order to check the structural aspects of the spacecraft. The first manned Gemini flight was a threeorbit mission on March 23, 1965, with Virgil I. Grissom and John W. Young. The first extravehicular activity occurred during Gemini IV whsr, Edward H. White II became the first American to walk in space. The first docking of two vehicles in space occurred on March 16, 1966, dufng Gemini Vlll with Neil A. Armstrong and David R. Scott aboard. During Gemini XI in September 1966, a number of firsts were accomplished: rendezvous and docking with the Agena target vehicle during the first revcilution, tethering of two spacecraft, rendezvous using onboard computations, docking practice, and automatic reentry. The November 1966 Gemini XI1 flight, with James A. Lovell, Jr. and Buzz Aldrin, marked the end of the $1.3 billion Gemini Program in which 20 astronauts logged 969 total flight hours with 12 hours of extravehicular activity.

PROJECT APOLLO On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy established the main goal for the Apollo Program - to land Americans on the Moon before the end of the decade and return them safely to Earth. Other goals included establishing the technology to meet other space efforts, carrying out scientific exploration of the Moon, developing man's capabtlity to work in the lunar environment, and achieving preeminence in space for the United States.

Initial planning for the Saturn I rocket had begun in 1957. In January 1962, NASA anno1 xed the development of the Saturn L, the largest ~&et vehicle ever to fly. Boeing Company received the contract for the first stage, North American Rockwell for the second stage, and Douglas Aircraft Corporation for the third stage called the S-IV B. Later in 1962, NASA announced that: the Saturn IB, which combined the first stage of the Saturn I and the third stage of the Saturn V, would be used for the Earth o r b i l tests of the Apollo spacecraft. In August 1961, the Massachusetts InstiMe of Tech- nology was selected to develop the Apollo spacecraft guidance and navigaticn system and that same year North American Rockwell was selected

for the Apollo Spacecraft Command and Service Module Program. On November 7,1962, Grumman Aircraft Engirleering Corporation was selected to design and huild the lunar module. The first phase of the Satu,n launch vehide program was completed in 1965. Testing of the Apollo command and service mdule was c;c~?lr>ted in 1966.

January 27, 1967, was a tragic day for the Apollo Program. A fire caused by electrical arcing from the wiring in a near-total oxygen environment inside an Apollo spacecraft during ground testing at Launch Complex 34 at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) resulted in the deaths of Virgil I. Grissom, Edward H. White II. and Roger B. Chaffee. Later that year, the program resumed testing, and on November 9, 1967, the first flight test of the ApolloISaturn V space vehicle was successfully completed. Apollo 4, as it was designated, had demonstrated the restart-~n-wbit capability of its third stage and the ability of the Apollo spacecraft to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere at lunar mission return speeds. Testing of the lunar module was done on Apollo 5 and the final unmanned test flight, Apollo 6, was launched April 4, 1968.

The first manned Apollo flight, Apollo 7, lifted off from Launch Complex 34 at KSC on October 11, 1968. All subsequent A p o l ~ launches were from Complex 39. The Apollo spacecraft was successfully tested, and the first live television broadcast from a manned space vehicle was made. History's first manned flight from Earth to another planetary body began on December 21, 1968, when Frank Borman, William 4. Anders, and James A. Lovell, Jr., orbited the Moon and trans- mitted the first live television pictlires showing the full Earth. Apollo 9 was the first all-up manned flight of the ApollolSaturn V space vehicle, the first manned flight ot the lunar module, and the first Apollo extravet-icular activity (by Russell L. Schweickart). The dress rehearsal for the first lunar landing was done aboard Apollo 10 as the lunar module descended to within 8.4 nautia! miles of the Moon. Also, the first color pictures were tele- cast back to Earth.

Apollo 11 attained the national goal set by President Kennedy in 1961. Launched on July 16, 1969, the lunar module touched down in the Moon's Sea of Tranquility at 4:18 p.m. EDT, July 20. At 1056 p.m. EDT that evening, Neil A. Armstrong stepped onto !he lunar surface followed by Buzz AMrin. Command module pilot Michael Collins ortit- ed above. During a 2-112 hour Moon exploration, 44 pounds of lunar samples were collected. Apollo 12 landed in the Ocean of Storms in November 1969,

near the unmanned Surveyor Ill which had been on the Moon for 2-'ii2 years. The crew brought back 75 pounds of lunar material and several pieces of the Surveyor. The mission demonstrated the ability to land at a selected point and included deploymenr of the first Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package for continuous scientific data ctrlloction on the lunar surface. Apollo 13 was launched April 1 1, 1 i .3, to land on the Fra Mauro uplands area of the Moon. A rupture of the service module oxygen tank on April 13 caused a power failure of the cc, . imand and service module electrical system which prevented the lunar landing. Using the lunar module for life support and propulsion, James A. Lovell, Jr., '-sd W. Haise, Jr., and John L. Swigert, Jr., retumeo safely to Earth on April 17. Apollo 14 in February 1971, took over the mission planned for Apolio 13 and brought back 94 pounds of lunar samples. On Apollo 15, David R. Scott and James B. lrvin explored the Hadley Apennine region of the Moon in the first lunar rover vehicle, collecting 171 pounds of lunar material. The Descartes highlands provided the background for the Apollo 16 crew in April 1972, to gather 21 0 pounds of lunar rock and soil samples, again using a lunar rover vehicle. The final Apollo mission, Apollo : 7, was launched at night on December 7, 1972. Dr. Harrison H. Schmitt became the first scientist-astronaut to land on the Moon as he and Eugene A. Ceman explored the Taurus-Littrow site and collected more than 240 pounds of samples. Project Apollo ended with the splashdown of Apllo 17 on December 19,1972.

The $25 billion Project Apollo Program sur- passed the goal set by President Kennedy by exploring the Moon twice hsfore the end of the 1960's. The six lunar lanalrigs provided scientists with enough sample materials, photographs, and electronic data to establish preliminary findings about the Moon which included

A lunar history time scale

General agreement that "sea" regions are lava flow and that most craters are projectile impacts

Scpport that the Moon haa h e n inactive for the last 2 to 3 billion years

A stronger than expected and variable magnetic field and a hotter t t , ~ r ~ expected interior

Distinct differentiation between the chemical comp~sition of the Moon and that of the Earth

SKYLAB PROGRAM 'he Skylab Orbital Workshop was launched May 14, 1973. During launch, the meteoroid shield needed to protect the workshop frorn tiny space particles and the Sun's heat was lost along with one solar wing. As a result, the entire Skylab program was endangered as hign temperatures made the 100-ton workshop uninhabitable, threat- ening foods, medicines, and films. On May 25.

between an orbiting Apollo spsc6;raft and the ground via the ATS-6 communications satellite. This new technique more than tripled the communications coverage otherwise available. The Soyuz mission ended on July 21 and the Apcllo mission ended on July 24, successfully meeting all the primary objectives which included rendezvous, docking, crew transfer, and control center-crew interaction.

~har ies Conrad, Jr., Dr. Joseph P. ~ e w i n : and Paul J. Weitz were finally launched toward Skylab SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM to begin their first task of erecting a mylar parasol to shade the area left unprotected by the missing shield and then begin their 28-day mission conducting experiments from their 269-mile high orbit. The second Skylab team of Alsn L. Bean, Jack R. Lousma, and Owen K. Garriott lifted off on July 28 for their 59-day mission. The third and final Skylsb mission began on November 16 as Gerald P. Carr, William R. Pogue, and Edward G. Gibson started their 84-day stay 1r1 space. A highlight of this third mission was ext~risive observation and photography of the Comet Kohoutek. The $2.6 billion Skylab program ended on July 11, 1979, when the space station re-entered the Earth's atmosphere near southeastern Australia after more thar, 6 years in space and 34,981 orbits. Major accomplishments were made in solar and stellar astronomy, in detailed study of the Earth's resources from. orbit, in using weightlessness for materials prgcessing research, and in proving that man can work productively in space for extended periods.

APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT The $250 million Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the world's first international manned space flight, was designed to test compatible rendezvous and docking systems for manned spacecraft in an effort to open the way for an international spacs rescue capability. 0, July 15, 1975, three American astronauts (Thomas P. Stafford, Vance D. Brand, and Donald K. Slayton) and two Russian cosmonauts (Aleksey A. Leoiiov and Valeriy N. Kubasov) were launched 7-112 hours apart. On July 17, docking o; the Soyuz and A ~ O ! ' ~ ? spacecraft was accomplished and they remained together for 2 days while their crews conducted joint experiments and transfer apera- tions.

This mission marked the first time that voice, television, and telemetry were rulayed

The Space Shuttle Program was developed to achieve a national objective of providing eco;lom- ical access to space for research and commerce. Via reusable vehicles, payloads such as satellites can be delivered or retrieved. International involvement i- scientific experiments and slgnifi- cant usage j the Department of Defense are also part of the program.

The Space Shuttle flight system is com- posed of the Orbiter, an external tank that contains all the pro?ellant used by the three main engines, and two soiid rocket boosters. Tne Orbiter is about the size and weight of a DC-9 commercial air tra.isport plane, is designed to fly 100 missions lasting from 7 to 30 adys each with a maximum crew of seven, and can carry payloads of up to 65,000 pounds into orbit. Each of the three main engines is fed propellants from the external tank which holds 1,550,000 pounds of liquid hydrogen and oxygen at lift-off and is the only part of the Shuttle system that is not reusable. Each solid rocket booster contains the largest solid rocket motor ever flown and the first one ever designed for reuse. (See ,he Spacecraft DimensionsIFlight Summary Information section for measurement s!atistics for the Space Shutt'e system.)

On A ~ r i l 1;. 1981, a new era in manned space flight began as America's first reusable Space Shutt!e and the first winged and wheeled spacecrait, C~lumbia, was launched with John W. Young and Robert L. Crippen. This maiden flight was followed by three other orbital flight tests, the last one being launched on June 27, 1982. By April 1984, the Space Shuttle and her crew had flown four test flights and seven cperational missions and had successfully demonstrated the &Lit- ity to rescue and repair damaged spacecraft in orbit as well as perform numerous experiments.

In January 1986 the Challenger accident occurred, grounding the fleet for two and a half years. During this time management, operations,

and hardware changes were niade to enhance research in Earth orb .id preparing the way for Shuttle safety and return to flight. Work began on Space Station, scheduled for deployment from Endeavo~lr in 1987. The September 29, 1968 the Sh2t;le in the late 1990s. launch of Discovery marked the resumption of Each Shuttle mission is unique and major Shuttle operations. Shuttle missions became highlights of the program are as follows. directed increasingly toward conducting scientific

Space Shuttle Program Highlights

STS Dates Highlights

April 12-14,1981 Firs? use of solid rockets on a manned vehicle First time astronauts rode a new type of spaceship on its first flight

November 12-14,1981 First time r ed spaceship was reflown with second crsw First operal,, . d remote manipulator am!

March 2230,1982

November 11-16,1982

April 4-9,1983

Land at White Sands

Erst operational STS tight

First flight of Challenger Launch of first Tracking and Data Rela; Satellite

June 1 824,1983

August 30-September 5,1983

First American woman in space (Saily K. Ride)

First n~ght launch of Space Shuttle First American black astronaut in spxe (Guion S. Bluford, Jr.)

Spacelab 1 First West European in space (Ulf Mehold) First non-NASA American astronaut in space (Bryon K.

Lichtenberg, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

November 28December 8,1983

February 3-! 1,19&4 First untethered flight of astronauts using manned maneuvering units

(Bruce McC,~ndless I! and Robert L. Stewart) First landing at Kennedy Space Center

April 6-1 3,1984 First use of a direct ascent trajectory First planned repair of an orbiting satellite (Solar Maximum

Mission)

August 30-September 5,1984 First launch of Discovery First commercial payload specidist (Charles D. Walker,

McDonnell Douglas) First Shuttle flight from which three satellites were deployed

October 5 1 3,1284 First Canadian in s:)ace (Marc Gameauj First flight with two women (Sdly K. Ride and Kathryn D. Sullivan) First spacewalk by an ~merican woma (Kathryn D. Sullivan)

Janu~.ry 24-27, 1985

April 12-1 9,1985

April 29-May 6,1 a85

First STS dedicated Department of Defense mission

First flight of an elected official (Sencror E. J. "Jake" Gam, Utah)

Spacelab 3 First time American m n a u t s flew with live mammals aboard

July 29-August 6,1985

O c t h r 3-7,1985

October 30-November 6,1985

First flight of Atlantis

First Space Shuttle mission largely fi~anced and operated by another nation (West Germany)

First flight with eight crewmembers

Space Shuttle Program Highlights (concluded)

STS Dates Highlights

November 26-December 3, 1985

J:JIU~ 12-1 8,1986

September 290ctober 3,1988

May 4-8,1989

June 5-1 4,1991

September 12-1 8,1991

March 24-April 2, 1992

May 7-May 1 6,1992

June 25July 9,1992

September 12-20, 1992

First Mexican in space (Rodoh Neri Vela)

First flight of a U.S. Representative (Bill Nelson, Fla.) First Spanish broadcast (Franklin R. Chang-Diaz)

First Shuttle launch since the loss of the Challenger

First planetary probe from Shuttle (Magellan to Venus)

First flight dedicated to researching effects of micrograwty on human body (Spacelab Life Sciences)

International M'imgravi i Laboratory 1

First Belgian in space (Dirk Frirnoutl

First fligM of Endeawur; first three-person EVA

United States Microgravity Laboratory 1 ; first Extended Duration Orbiier (EDO) cryogenic pallet

Spacelab Japan 1 ; first black female astronaut (Mae Jemison); 50th Shuttle mission

SPACE STATION (program under review) Space Station Freedom is the critical stepping stone to the continued exploration of space. Before we journey far beyond the boundaries of Earth, we must uncover the secrets of effectively living and working in the space environment. Space Station will provide the means of learning essential techniques to ensure the health and well being of future space travelers as well as providing the opportunity t:, learn methods of building and maintaining large structures in space.

Many of NASA's recent Shuttle missions serve as precursors to Space Station and preview the potential benefits to be gained from a permanent space presence. In January 1992 STS-42, International Microgravity Labcratory 1 mission, carried a U.S. ana internationa; crew, which fore- shadows the international Space Station. Crew members from the United States, as well as Canada arid Europe, conducted experiments on the behavior of materials end living things in weightlessness. In June 1992 STSQO lifted off carrying the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML I) . The flight set an all-time Orbiter duration record and demonstrated the knowledge to be gained from exteraed stays. It provided critical information in the areas of fluid dynamics, crystal growth, combustion science, biological science,

and technology demonstration. The April 1992 flight of STS-49, most famous for the dramatic lntelsat satellite rescue, illustrates the need for Space Station. No amount of rehearsal on Earth can replace the experience to be gained by working there.

The Johnson Space Center plays a major role in the development of this country's first permanent orbiting space station.

The Space Station Projects Office is responsible for design and dsvelopment of many of Station's hardware and distributed systems. This includes the station's integrate: truss (or backbone), resource nodes, airlock, and mobile trans- porter. Distributed systems include the data tnan- agement system (DMS), ihermal control system (TCS), communications and tracking system (C&T), and guidance, navigation and control system (GN&C). In addition, the Projects Office is responsible for software development and verification. All of this work is carried out with the support of Engineering, Life Sciences, and Flight Crew Directorates.

The Mission Operations Projects Office is responsible for mission planning and analysis, training, crew operations, flight operations execution, logistics, medical operations, ~ r l d operations facility development.

The Shuttle Program Office is involved in working interfaces between the Shuttle and Space Station while the Flight Crew Office provides input to all aspects of the Program. Another JSC office invoived in the Space Station effort is the Assured Crew Return Vehicle project office. This office is investigating means of rescuing the Station's crew should an emergency develop.

Space Station when complete will measure 353 feet from end to end - the size of a football field with end zones. It will weigh nearly 300 tons - the size of a fully loaded 747 jet - and its solar arrays will gqnerate enough electrical power to run

five earthbound households. Four crew members will live on board for stays of up to two months. They will work 10-hour days conducting life science and microgravity research.

At JSC, the Space Station's development and design is well underway. In fact, development testing of many of its systems is in progress, and fabrication of flight hardware has begun. In less than a year the program will complete its Critical Design Review, a major rnile- stone on the way to First Element Launch (FEL) in March 1996.3

IV. Spacecraft DimensionsIFlight Summary Information

IV. Spacecraft Dimensions1 Flight Summary Information

U. S. MANNED SPACECRAFT DIMENSIONS IF

Mercury

Height: 2.9 meturs (9.5 feet) Maximw n d~a jter: 1.9 meters (6.2 feet) Weight 1,451 kilograms (3,200 pounds) Habitaale olirr ne: 1.02 cubic meters (36 cubic feet)

Heighh: 5.5 meters (18 feet) Maxirn lrm dianb ter: 3 meters (1 0 feet) Weiglil: 3,402 kilograms (7,500 pounds) Habitable vo ur a: 1.56 cubic meters (55 cubic feet) -* - --. Apolk

Comma old Kkidule

Height: 3.5 meters (1 1.4 feet) Maximum diameter: 3.9 meters (12.8 feet) Weight: 5,330 kilograms (12.850 pounds) Habitable v ~ l u m: 5.95 cubic meters (21 0 cubic feet)

Service Mc dufe

Height: Diameter: Weight:

7.5 meters (24.6 feet) 3.9 meters (12.8 feet) 24,550 kilograms (54,120 pounds)

Lunar Modble

Height: 'I meters (23 feet) legs extended Diameter: 9.4 meters (31 feet) across legs Weigh!: 3,900 kilograms (8,600 pounds) Habitable volurne: 4.5 cubic meters (1 58.8 cubic feet) - Skylab Spaco Station

Total clilster: (Orbital Wxkshop, Apollo Cornrnand/Sewice Modules, Air'xk, Mrlkrple Docking Adapter, Apollo Telescope Mount, Solar Arrays, Payload Shl , A)

Length: .5.5 meters (1 17 feet) Maximum diarr.eiter: 27.5 meters (90 feet) across solar arrays Weight: 90,606 kilograms (199,750 pounds) Habitable volums: 360 cubic meters (12,711 cubic feet)

Skylab Workstrop Only

Length: 14.6 r?aier~ (48 feet) Diamet ,: 6.' meters (22 feet) Weight: 35,380 kilogram (78,000 pounds) Habitable volume: 275 cubic meters (9,710 cubic feet)

U. S. MANNED SPACECRAlT DIMENSIONS (concluded)

Apollo - Soyuz (U.S. - U.S.S.R.)

Apollo Command Module

Height: 3.5 meters (1 1.4 feet) Length: 3.66 meters (1 2 feet) Diameter: 3.9 meters (1 2.8 feet) Weight: 5,830 kilograms (12,850 pounds) Habitable volume: 5.95 cubic meters (21 0 cubic feet)

Apollo Service Module

Height: Length: Diameter: Weight:

7.5 meters (24.6 feet) 6.71 meters (22 feet) 3.9 meters (1 2.8 feet) 24.550 kilograms (54,120 pounds)

Alaollo Docking Module

Length: 3.05 meters (1 0 feet) Diameter: 1.52 meters (5 feet) Weight: 2.01 2 kilograms (4,426 pounds) Habitable volume: 4.53 cubic meters (1 60 cubic feet)

Soyur Orbital Module

Diameter: Length:

Soyuz Descent Module

Diameter: Length:

2.29 meters (7.5 feet) 2.65 meters (8.7 feet)

2.29 meters (7.5 feet) 2.20 meters (7.2 feet)

Soyuz Instrument Module

Diameter: 2.29 meters (7.5 feet) Length: 2.77 meters (9.75 feet) Total weight of Soyuz: 6,800 kilograms (1 4,991 pounds)

Shuttle Orbiter

Height: 17.27 meters (56.67 feet) landing gear down Length: 37.24 meters (1 22.2 feet) Weight: 74,844 kilograms (165,000 pounds) empty Habitable volume: 71,508 cubic meters (2,525 cubic feet) Wingspan: 23.79 meters (78.06 feet) Payloaa bay: Diameter - 4.57 meters (1 5 feet)

Length - 18.29 meters (60 feet) Maximum cargo weight: 29,484 kilograms (65,000 pounds)

Sources: The Eady Years: Mercury to Apollo-Soyuz, NASA Information Summaries, November 1985. Apolb-Soyuz Test Prom, NASA Facta, NASNJSC, 1975. Apollo-Soyux by Waltar Froehlich, NASA EP-109. Space Shuttle Transportation System, Pmm Information, Rockwell Intotnational,

Space Division, O f f i i of Public Affairs, June 1977.

MANNED SPACE LAUNCH BOOSTER VEHICLE DIMENSIONS

Mercury - Redstone Height: 25.3 meters (83 feet) Weight: 28,123 kilograms (62,000 pounds) Thrust: 346,944 newtons (78,000 pounds) Propellants: Ethyl alcohol, water, liquid oxygen

Mercury - Atlas Height: 29 meters (95 feet) Weight: 1 17,900 kilograms (259,920 pounds) Thrust: 1,601,280 newtons (360,000 pounds) Propellants: RP - 1 (refined kerosene), liquid oxygen

Gemini - Titan II Height: 32.9 meters (1 08 feet) Weight: 136.080 kilograms (300,000 pounds) Thrust: 1,912,640 newtons (430,000 pounds) Propellants: 50% unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine plus 50% hydrazine, nitrogen tetroxide

Apollo - Saturn 18 Height: 68 meters (223 feet) Weight 544,320 kilograms (1,200,000 pounds) Thrust: 7,116,800 newtons (1,600,000 pounds) Propellants: First Stage - RP - 1 (refined kerosene), liquid oxygen

Second Stage - liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen

ApolOo - Saturn V Height: 11 0.6 meters (363 feet) Weight: 2,812,320 kilograms (6,200,000 pounds) Thrust: First Stage - 33,360,000 newtons (7,500,000 pounds)

Second Stage - 4,448.000 newtons (1,000,000 pounds) Third Stage - 889,600 newtons (200,000 pounds)

Propellants: First Stage - RP - 1 (refined kerosene), liquid oxygen Second Stage - liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen Third Stage - liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen

Space Shuttle External Tank Height: 47 meters (! 54.2 feet) Weight: 33,503 kilograms (73,861 pounds) empty Diameter: 8.38 meters (27.5 a t ) Propellants: Liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen

Solid Rocket Rooatem Height: 45.46 meters (1 49.1 6 feet) Weight: (1,255,790 pounds) each Diameter: 3.70 meters (1 2.16 feet) Thrust: 15,041 newtons (3,316,500 pounds) each Propellants: Ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer); aluminum (fuel)

3 Main Engines Height: 4.22 meters (1 3.83 feet) each Weight: 3,001 kilograms (6,618 pounds) each Thrust* 1,668,000 newtons (375,000 pounds) each at sea level Pronellants: Liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen

2 On-Orbit Maneuvering Engin- Thrust: 26,668 newtons (6,000 pounds) each at vacuum

Sources: The Early Years: Memury to Apollo-Soyur, NASA Information Summaries, November 1965. Space Shuttb Transportation Syalrm, Press Inbnnation, Rockwell International

Space Division, Office of Public A h i n . June 1977 and March 1982.

Space Shuttle Orbiter

Front view

i Top view Rear Y iew Bottom view

Payload ~ r b a a l ~ m r i w h d m l bay dmn Reaction Conird ~y-dem modules

Aft Reaction Control System

Main engines

NO- lending goar -1 knaing p u r

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT

Wingspan ........................................... 23.79m ............. (78.064fi) Length ................................................ 37.24 m ............. (122.1 7 ft)

............ .........-... Height ............................. , 17.25 rn (56.58 ft) Span across afl wheels ....................... 6.91 rn ............. (22.67 t)

........................... Gross takeoff weight ............. Ver'iMe .......................... Gross landing weight ............. Yariible

Inert weight (approximate) .................. 74,844 kg ............. (165,000 Ib)

MINIMUM GROUND CLEARANCES

............................ aodyflap(aftend) 3.88~1 ............. (12.07ft) MRicgear(dmr) ............................... 0.87m ............. (2.05 ft) hase gear (door) .......................... ..... 0.90 m ............. (2.95 f 1

........... Wingtip ............................. ,. 3.63 rn ............. (1 1.92 ft)

STATISTICS FOR EACH BOOSTER THRUST AT LIn-OFF 1 1,790 kilonewtons (2,650,000 pounds)

PROPELLANT Atomized aluminum powder (fuel), 16 percent

Ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer), 69.83 percent

Iron oxide powder (catalyst), 0.1 7 percent (varies)

Polybutadiene actyl~c acid actylonitrile (binder), 12 percent Epoxy curing agent, 2 percent

WEIGHT Empty: 87.550 kilograms

(1 93,000 pounds) Propellant: 502,125 kilograms

(1,107,670 pounds) Gross: 589 670 kilograms

(1,30C,000 pounds)

THRUST OF BOTH BOOSTERS AT UFT-OFF 23,575 kilonewtons (5,300,000 pounds)

GROSS WEIGHT OF BOTH BOOSTERS AT UFT-OFF 1,179,340 kilograms (2,600,000 pounds)

Space Shuttle Main Engines

THRUST Sea level: 1,670 kilonewtons (375,000 pounds)

Vacuum: 2,100 kilonewtons (470,000 pounds)

(Note: Thrust given at rated or 100-percent power level)

THROTTLING ABILITY 65 to 109 percent of rated power level

SPECiFIC IMPULSE Sea level: 356.2

Vacuum: 4464

CHAMBER PRESSURE 20,480 kN/m2 (2,970 psia)

MIXTURE RATIO 6 parts liquid oxygen to 1 part liquid hydrogen (by weight)

AREA RATIO Nozzle exit to throat area 77.5 to 1

WEIGHT Approximately 3,000 kilograms (6,700 pounds)

LIFE 7.5 hours, 55 starts

(Given in newtons per second of kilogram of propellant and pounds-force per second to pounds-mass of propellant)

Space Shuttle Statistics

VERTICAL STABILIZER 8.01 meters (26.31 feet)

BODY FLAP 12.6 square meter (1 35.8 square foot) area 6.1 meters (20 feet) wide

AFT FUSELAGE 5.5 meters (1 8 feet) long 6.7 meters (22 feet) wide 6.1 meters (20 feet) high

MID FUSELAGE

. . 18.3 meters (60 feet) long 5.2 meters (17 feet) wide 4.0 meters (1 3 feet) high

FORWARD FUSELAGE CREW CABIN 71.5 cubic meter (252.5 cubic foot) volume

PAYLOADBAYDOORS 18.3 meters (50 feet) long 4.6 meters (1 5 feet) in diameter 148.6 square meters (1,600 square fcet) surface area

WING 18.3 meters (60 feet) long 1.5 meter (5 foot) maximum thickness

ELEVONS 4.2 meters (1 3.8 feet) 3.8 meters (1 2.4 feet)

b

1 N

AS

A M

ajo

r L

aun

ch R

eco

rd -

Man

ned

Pro

gra

ms

Mis

sion

La

unch

La

unch

M

issi

on

Rem

arks

ve

hicl

e (la

ndin

g)

dura

tion

hr:m

in:s

ec

Big

Joe

(M

ercu

ry)

Littl

e Jo

e 1

(LJ-

6)

Littl

e Jo

e 2 (

W-1

A)

Littl

e Jo

e 3 (

LJ-2

)

Littl

e Jo

e 4 (

W-1

6)

Mer

cury

(MA

-1 )

Littl

e Jo

e 5 (

W-5

)

Mer

cury

(MR

. 1 A)

Mer

cury

(MR

-2)

Mer

cury

(MA

-2)

Littl

e Jo

e 5A

Mer

cury

(MU

-BD

)

Mer

cuiy

(MA

-3)

Littl

e Jo

e 5

8

Mer

cury

(Fre

edom

7)

Atla

s

Littl

e Jo

e

Littl

e Jo

e

Littl

e Jo

e

Littl

e Jo

e

Atla

s

Littl

e Jo

e

Red

ston

e

Red

ston

e

Atla

s

Littl

e Jo

e

Red

ston

e

Atla

s

Littl

e Jo

e

Mer

cury

- R

edst

one

3

Sep

tem

ber

9,1

95

9

(Sub

orbi

tal)

Oct

ober

4,1

959

(Sub

orbi

tal)

Nov

embe

r 4,

1959

(S

ubor

bita

l) D

ecem

ber 4

,19

59

(S

ubor

bita

l)

Janu

ary

21

,19

60

(S

ubor

bita

l)

July

29,

196

0 (F

aile

d or

bit)

Nov

embe

r 8, 1

960

(Sub

orbi

tal)

Dec

embe

r 19

,19

60

(S

ubor

bita

l)

Janu

ary

31

,19

61

(S

ubor

bita

l)

Feb

ruar

y 2

1,1

96

1

(Sub

orbi

tal)

Mar

ch 1

8, 1

961

(Sub

orbi

tal)

Mar

ch 2

4, 1

961

(Sub

orbi

tal)

Apr

il 25

, 19

61

(Fai

led

orbi

t)

Apr

il 28

. 19

61

(Sub

orbi

tal)

May

5,1

96

1

(May

5,

1961

)

Tes

t of t

he M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le. C

apsu

le re

cove

red

succ

essf

ully

afte

r re

entr

y te

st.

Tes

t of t

he M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le to

qua

lify

the

boos

ter f

or u

se w

ith th

e M

ercu

ry

test

pro

gram

.

Tes

t of t

he M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le to

test

the

esca

pe s

yste

m. V

ehic

le fu

nctio

ned

perf

ectly

, bu

t esc

ape

rock

et ig

nite

d se

vera

l sec

onds

too

late

.

Tes

t of t

he M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le, i

nclu

ded

esca

pe s

yste

m te

st a

nd b

iom

edic

al te

sts

with

mon

key

(Sam

) abo

ard,

to d

emon

stra

te h

igh

altit

ude

abor

t at

max

q.

Tes

t of t

he M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le, i

nclu

ded

esca

pe s

yste

m te

st a

nd b

iom

edic

al te

sts

with

mon

key

(Mis

s S

nm) a

boar

d.

Tes

t of

Mer

cury

cap

sule

ree

ntry

. The

Atla

s ex

plod

ed 6

5 se

cond

s af

ter

laun

ch.

Tes

t of t

he M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le tc

qua

lify

caps

ule

syst

em. C

apsu

le d

id n

ot s

epar

ate

from

boo

ster

.

Tes

t of

Mer

cury

spa

cecr

aft.

Impa

cted

235

mile

s do

wn

rang

e af

ter r

each

ing

an

altit

ude

of 1

35 m

iles

and

a sp

eed

of n

early

4,2

00 r

nph.

Cap

sule

reco

vere

d ab

out

50 m

inut

es a

fter

laun

ch.

Tes

t of

Mer

cury

cap

sule

. Inc

lude

d bi

omed

ical

test

s w

ith c

him

panz

ee (H

am) a

boar

d.

Tes

t of

Mer

cury

cap

sule

; up

tar

part

of

Atla

s st

reng

then

ed b

y 8-inch

wid

e st

ainl

ess

stee

l b:,n

d.

Cap

sule

rec

over

ed le

ss th

an 1

hou

r af

ter

laun

ch.

Tes

t of M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le; e

scap

e ro

cket

mot

or fi

red

prem

atur

ely

prio

r to

ca

l~su

le rele

ase.

Tes

t of

laun

ch v

ehic

le fo

r M

ercu

ry fl

ight

to a

cqui

re fu

rthe

r ex

perie

nce

with

boo

ster

be

fore

man

ned

fligh

t was

atte

mpt

ed.

Flig

ht te

st o

f M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le. D

estr

oyed

afte

r 40

sec

onds

by

rang

e sa

fety

offi

cer

whe

n th

e in

ertia

l gui

danc

e sy

stem

faile

d to

pitc

h th

e ve

hicl

e to

war

d th

e ho

rizon

.

Flig

ht te

st to

dem

onst

rate

abi

lity

of e

scap

e an

d se

quen

ce s

yste

ms

to fu

nctio

n pr

oper

ly a

t max

q.

Sub

orbi

tal fl

ight

with

Ala

n S

hepa

rd, J

r.

NA

SA

Maj

or L

aun

ch R

eco

rd - M

anne

d P

rogr

ams

(con

tinue

d)

Mis

sio

n

Lau

nch

La

unch

M

issi

on

Rem

arks

ve

hic

le

(lan

din

g)

du

ratio

n

hr:m

in:s

ec

Mer

cury

(L

iber

ty B

el! 7

)

Mer

cury

(MA

-4)

Sat

urn

Tes

t

Mer

cury

(MS

-2)

Mer

cury

(MA

-5)

Mer

cury

(MA

-6)

(Frie

ndsh

ip 7

)

Sat

urn

Tes

t (S

A-2

)

Mer

cury

(MA

-7)

(Aur

ora

7)

Mer

cury

(MA

-8)

(Sig

ma

7)

Sat

urn

(SA

-3)

Sat

urn

Tes

t (S

A-4

)

Mer

cury

(M

A-9

) (F

aith

7)

Littl

e Jo

e I1

I S

atur

n I (

SA

-5)

Mer

cury

- R

edst

one

4

Rla

s

Sat

urn

I

AF

609A

B

lue

Sco

ut

Atla

s

Atla

s

Sat

urn l

Atla

s

Atla

s

Sa

t~l~

r~

I

Sat

urn I

Atla

s

Littl

e Jo

e

Sat

urn l

July

21,

196

1 (J

uly

21,

1961

)

Sep

tem

ber

13, 1

961

(Sep

tem

ber 13, 19

61)

Oct

ober

27,

196

1 (S

ubor

bita

l j

Nov

embe

r 1

,19

61

(F

aile

d O

rbit)

Nov

embe

r 29,

196

1 (N

ovem

ber 29

, 196

1)

Feb

ruar

y 20

, 19

62

(Feb

ruar

y 20

, 19

62)

Apt

il 2

5, 1

962

(Sub

orb~

tal!

May

24

,19

62

(M

ay 2

4, 1

962)

Oct

ober

3,

1962

(O

ctob

er 3

, 19

62)

Nov

embe

r 1

6,1

96

2

(Sub

orbi

tal)

Mar

ch 2

8, 1

963

(Sub

orbi

tal)

May

15

,19

63

(M

ay 1

6,1

96

3)

Aug

ust 2

L?, 1

963

(Sub

orbi

tal)

Janu

ary

29

,19

64

Sub

orbi

tal f

light

with

Virg

il I. G

risso

m. A

fter

land

ing,

the

spac

ecra

ft w

as lo

st, b

ut

pilo

t was

res

cued

from

wat

er.

Orb

ital t

est o

f M

ercu

ry c

apsu

le to

test

sys

iem

s an

d ab

ility

to r

etur

n ca

psul

e to

pre

dete

rmin

ed re

cove

ry a

roa

afte

r one

orb

it. A

ll ca

psul

e, tr

acki

ng, a

nd re

cove

ry

obje

ctiv

es m

c:.

Laun

ch v

ehic

le d

evel

opm

ent t

est o

f pr

opul

sion

sys

tem

of

the

S-I

boo

ster

; ve

rific

atio

n of

aer

odyn

amic

2nd

str

uctu

ral d

esig

n of

ent

ire v

ehic

le.

Orb

ital t

est o

f Msr

cury

trac

king

net

wor

k. F

irst s

tage

exp

lode

d 2

6 s

econ

ds

afte

r lif

toff;

oth

er th

ree

stag

es d

estr

oyed

by

Ran

ge S

afet

y O

ffice

r 44

seco

nds

afte

r la

unch

.

Fin

al fl

ight

test

of a

ll M

ercu

ry s

yste

, s

pris

r io

man

ned

orbi

tal f

light

with

chi

mpa

nzee

E

nos

on h

ard

. Spa

cecr

afl a

nd c

him

panz

ee re

cove

red

afte

r tw

o or

bits

.

Fire

i US

. m

anne

d or

bita

l flig

ht. J

ohn

H. G

ler+

7, Jr

., m

ade

thre

e or

bits

of

Ear

th.

Cap

sule

and

pilo

t rec

over

ed a

fter 2

1 m

inut

es in

the

wat

er.

Laun

ch v

ehic

le te

st; c

arrie

d 95

tons

of

balla

st w

ater

in u

pper

sta

ges,

whi

ch w

as

rele

ased

at

an a

ltitu

de o

f 65

mile

s to

obs

erve

effe

ct o

n up

per r

egio

n of

the

at

mos

pher

e (P

roje

ct H

igh

Wat

er).

Orb

ital f

light

with

M. S

cott

Car

pent

er. R

eent

ered

und

er m

anua

l con

trol

afte

r th

ree

orbi

ts.

Orb

ital f

light

with

Wal

ter

M. S

chirr

a, J

r. M

ade

six

orbi

ts o

f the

Ear

th.

Laun

ch v

ehic

le d

evel

opm

ent f

light

. Sec

ond

Pro

ject

Hig

h W

ater

rel

ease

d 95

tons

of

wat

er a

t an

altit

ude

of 9

0 n.

mi.

Lbun

ch v

ehic

le d

evel

opm

ent t

est.

Pro

gram

med

in-f

light

cut

off o

f on

e of

eig

ht e

ngin

es

succ

essf

ully

dem

onst

rate

d pr

opel

lant

util

izat

ion

syst

em fu

nctio

n.

Orb

ial f

light

with

L. G

ordo

n C

oope

r, J

, . V

ario

us te

sts

and

expe

rimen

ts p

erfo

rmed

. C

apsu

le re

ente

red

afte

r 22

or.b

its.

Apo

llo la

unch

veh

icle

test

. B

c~

~s

ter

qual

ifica

tion

test

with

dum

my

payl

oad.

Laun

ch v

ehic

le d

e,.

?st

. Fift

b fli

ght o

f S

atur

n I; fi

rst

Blo

ck II

Sat

urn,

fir

st li

ve fl

ight

of t

he

t le

d ~

jco

nd

siay

tr (

3-I

V).

1 ,I

46 m

easu

rem

ents

take

n.

7 N

AS

A M

ajo

r L

aun

ch R

eco

rd -

Man

ned

Pro

gra

ms

(con

tinue

d)

i

0

Mis

sio

n

Lau

nch

L

aun

ch

Mis

sio

p

Rem

arks

ve

hic

le

(lan

din

g)

du

ratio

n

hr:

min

:sec

G.?

min

i I

Tita

n II

Apr

il 8,

196

4 Q

ualif

icat

ion

of G

emin

i spa

cecr

aft c

onfig

ura

t~on an

d G

emin

i lau

nch

vehi

cle

com

bina

tion

in la

unch

env

ironm

ent t

hrou

gh o

rbita

l ins

ertio

n ph

ase.

Apo

llo A

bort

(A-0

01 )

Littl

e Jo

e M

ay 1

3, 1

964

00:0

5:50

V

ehic

le d

evel

opm

ent t

est t

o d

emon

stra

te A

pollo

spa

cecr

aft a

tmos

pher

ic a

bort

(S

ubor

bita

l) sy

stem

cap

abili

ties.

S

atur

n I (

SA

-6)

Sat

urn

I M

ay 2

8,1

96

4

Veh

icle

dev

elop

men

t tes

t. F

irst f

light

of

unm

anne

d rn

odel

of t

he A

pollo

spa

cecr

aft.

(AS

-1 01

) 10

6 m

easu

rem

ents

take

n.

Sat

urn I (

SA

-7)

Sat

urn l

Sep

tem

ber

18, 1

964

Dem

onst

rate

laun

ch v

ehic

le/s

pace

craf

t cam

patib

ilrty

and

test

ed la

unch

esc

ape

syst

em.

(Sep

tem

ber 2

2, 1

964)

T

elem

etry

obt

aine

d fro

m 1

31 s

epar

ate

and

cont

inuo

us m

easu

rem

ents

.

Apo

llo A

bort

Littl

e Jo

e D

ecem

ber 8

, 19

64

00:0

7:23

F

irst t

est o

f A

pollo

em

erge

ncy

dete

ctio

n sy

stem

at

abor

t alti

tude

. (S

u bar

bita

l)

Gem

ini II

Tita

n II

Janu

ary

19

,19

65

00

:18:

16

Den

tons

trat

e st

ruct

ural

inte

grity

of

reen

try

mod

ula

heat

prc

tect

iorl

durin

g m

axim

um

(Subo

rb~

tal)

heat

ing

rate

reen

try

and

dem

onst

rate

var

iabl

e lif

t on

reen

try

mod

ule.

Gem

ini Ill

Tita

n I1

Mar

ch 2

3, 1

965

04:5

2:31

F

irst r

nann

ed o

rbita

l flig

ht o

f the

Gem

ini p

rogr

am, w

ith a

stro

naut

s V

irgil

I. G

risso

m

(Mar

ch 2

3, 1

965)

an

d Jo

hn W

. Y

oung

. Man

ually

con

4rol

led r

eent

ry a

fter t

hree

orb

iis.

Apo

llo A

bort

Littl

e Jo

e II

May

1 9,

196

5 00

:05:

02

Dem

onst

ratio

n of

abo

rt ca

pabi

lity

of A

pollo

spa

cecr

aft.

Laun

ch e

scap

e de

mon

stra

tion

(Sub

orbi

tal)

at h

igh

altit

ude

not a

ccom

plis

hed

due

to m

alfu

nctio

n of

Litt

le J

oe I1

boo

ster

.

Gem

ini I

V

Tita

n II

June

3, 1

965

~7

:56

:11

S

econ

d fli

ght w

ith J

a~

es

A

. M

cDiv

itt a

nd E

dwar

d H

. Whi

te II.

Dur

inn

fligh

t, W

hite

'J

une

7, 1

965)

do

nned

pre

ssur

e su

it an

d pe

rfor

med

ext

rave

hicu

lar a

ctiv

ity (

EV

A) u

sing

zer

o-g

inte

gral

pro

puls

ion

unit.

EV

A d

urat

ion - 22

min

utes

.

Gem

ini V

T

itan

II

Aug

ust 2

1,1

96

5

190:

56:1

4 (A

ugus

t 29,

1 S65

j

Gem

ini V

I T

itan

II O

ctob

er 2

5, 1

965

Gem

ini \:

'I T

itan

II D

ecem

ber 4

, 19

65

330:

35:3

1 (D

ecem

ber 1

0,1

96

5)

Gem

ini V

I-A

T

itan

II D

ecem

ber

15, 1

965

25:5

1:24

(D

ecem

ber 1

6,1

96

5)

Apo

llo A

bort

Littl

e Jo

e Ja

nuar

y 20

, 19

66

00:0

6:50

(A

-004

) (S

ubor

bita

l)

Orb

ital f

light

with

I..

Gor

don

Coo

per

and

Cha

rles

Con

rad,

Jr.

Per

form

ed s

imul

ated

re

nd

ezv

o~

~s man

euve

rs a

nd o

ther

exp

erim

ents

.

Sim

uita

neou

s co

untd

own

of G

emin

i spa

cecr

aft a

nd A

tlasl

Age

na ta

rget

vehcl

e.

Tel

emet

ry fr

om A

gena

targ

et v

ehic

le lo

st 3

75 m

inut

es a

fter

laun

ch; G

emin

i lau

nch

term

inat

ed a

l T-

47 m

inut

es.

Fou

rth

mis

sion

with

Fra

nk B

orm

an a

nd J

arne

s A.

Lov

ell,

Jr. A

stro

naut

s fle

w p

art

of m

issi

on w

ithou

t pT

, ssi

rre

suits

.

Fift

h m

iss

i~n

w

. . W

aite

r M

. Sch

irra,

Jr.

, an

d T

ho

m~

s P. S

taffo

rd. R

ende

zvou

s in

spa

ce (

with

Gem

ini V

II sp

acec

raft)

acc

ompl

ishe

d.

Apo

llo d

evel

opm

znt f

light

to d

emon

stra

t 'd

~n

ctt

esca

pe s

ystt

m p

erfo

rman

ce.

Lasr

unm

a. ,n

ed b

~llis

tic tlV

yht.

NA

SA

Msj

c - L

aun

ch R

eco

rd -

Man

ned

Pro

gra

ms

(con

tinue

d)

Apo

llo S

atilr

n (S

A-2

01)

Gem

ini V

lll

Gem

ini I

X-A

Apo

llo S

atur

n (B

A-2

03 j

Gem

ini X

4pol

lo S

atur

n A

-202

)

Gem

ini X

I

Gem

ini X

I1

Apo

llo 4

(S

A-5

0 1 )

Apo

llo 5

(S

A-2

04)

Apo

llo 6

(S

A-5

02)

Apo

llo 7

Lau

nch

ve

hic

le

Sat

urn

I3

Tita

n II

Tita

n I1

Sat

urn

IB

Ti!a

n II

Sat

urn

IB

Tita

n II

Tita

r: I

I

Sat

urn

V

Sat

urn

IB

Sat

urn

'4

Sat

urn

1B

Lau

nch

(l

anu

itlg

)

Feb

ruar

y 26

, 19

66

Mar

ch 1

6, 1

566

{Mar

ch 1

7, 1

066)

June

3,1

96

6

(Jun

e 6,

196

5)

July

5,

1966

(J

uly

5, 1

96€)

July

18,

I 9

6b

(Jul

y 21

, 19

66)

Aug

ust 2

5, 1

966

{Sl; b

orbi

ral)

Sep

tem

ber 1

2, 1

966

(Sep

tem

ber 1

5, 1

966)

Nov

embe

r 1 1,

196

6 (N

ovem

ber

15, 1

966)

Nov

embe

r 9,1

96

7

(Nov

embe

r 9,

1967

)

Janu

ary

22,

1968

(J

anua

ry 2

4, 1

968)

Apr

il 4,

196

8 (A

pril

4, 1

968)

Oct

ober

1 1,

196

8 (O

ctob

er 2

2, 1

9C8)

Mis

sio

n

Rem

arks

d

ura

tio

n

hr:m

in:s

ec

-

00:3

7:00

La

unch

veh

icle

dev

elop

men

t flig

ht; c

arrie

d un

man

ned

Apo

ll.:

spac

ecra

ft.

10:4

1:26

A

gena

targ

et la

unch

ed fr

om C

ompl

ex 1

4 an

d m

anne

d G

emin

i lau

nche

d fr

om

Com

p!ex

19.

Ast

rona

uts I\

' A.

Arm

stro

ng a

nd D

avid

R. S

cott

acco

mpl

ishe

d re

ndez

vous

and

doc

king

. Atti

iude

and

man

euve

r thr

uste

r m

alfu

rctio

n ca

used

do

cked

spa

cecr

aft t

o tu

mbl

e. A

stro

naut

s se

para

ted

vehi

cles

and

term

inat

ed m

issi

on

early

; EV

A n

ot a

ccom

plis

hed.

Firs

t Pac

ific

Oce

an la

ndin

g.

7' .

20:5

0 S

ever

?th m

issi

on w

ith T

hom

as P

. Sta

fford

and

Eug

ene

A. C

erna

n. T

arge

t veh

icle

sh

roud

faile

d to

sep

arat

e, d

ocki

ng n

ot a

chie

ved.

EV

A s

ucce

ssfu

l, bu

t eva

luat

ion

01 a

stro

naut

man

euve

ring

unit

not a

ch~

eved

.

Laun

ch v

ehic

le d

evel

opm

ent f

light

; eva

luat

ed S

-IV

B s

tage

ven

t and

rest

art c

apab

ility

.

70:4

6:39

E

ight

h m

issi

on w

ith J

ohn

W.

You

ng a

nd M

icha

el C

ollin

s. P

erfo

rmed

firs

t doc

ked

vehi

cle

man

euve

rs; s

tand

up E

VA

of

87 m

inut

es, u

mbi

lical

EV

A o

f 27

min

utes

.

01 :3

3:00

A

pollo

laun

ch v

ehic

le a

nd s

pace

acra

ft de

velo

pmen

t flig

ht to

test

com

man

d m

odul

e he

at s

hiel

d an

d ob

tain

laun

ch v

ehic

le a

nd s

pace

craf

t dat

a.

71 :1

7:08

N

inth

mis

sion

with

Cha

rles

Con

rad,

Jr.

, an

d R

icha

rd F

. Gor

don,

Jr.

Ren

dezv

ous

and

dock

ing

achi

eved

. Um

bilic

al a

nd s

tand

up E

VA

per

form

ed a

s w

ell a

s te

ther

ed

spac

ecra

ft e

xpe

rive

nt.

94

:35:

31

Last

Gem

ini f

light

with

Jam

es A

. Lo

vell,

Jr.

, an

d B

uzz

Ald

rin. R

ende

zvou

s an

d do

ckin

g ac

hiev

ed. T

wo

EV

As

perf

orm

ed.

00:0

8:30

La

unch

veh

icle

1 sp

acec

raft

deve

lopm

ent f

light

. F

irst l

aunc

h of

Sat

urn

V; c

arrie

d un

man

ned

Apo

llo c

omm

and1

serv

ice

mod

ulo.

Firs

t flig

ht te

st o

f lu

nar

mod

ule;

ver

ified

asc

ent a

nd d

esce

nt s

tage

s; p

ropu

lsio

n sy

stem

s an

d re

star

t ope

ratio

ns.

00:0

8:30

La

unch

veh

icle

and

spa

cecr

aft d

evel

opm

ent f

light

. Lau

nch

vehi

cle

engi

nes

mal

func

tione

d; s

pace

craf

t sys

tem

s pe

rfor

med

nor

mal

ly. M

issi

on ju

dged

par

tially

su

cces

sful

.

260:

09:0

3 F

irst m

anne

d fli

ght o

f A

pollo

spa

cecr

aft w

ith W

alte

r M

. Sch

irra,

Jr.

, Don

n F

. Eis

ele,

an

d W

alte

r C

unni

ngha

m. P

erfo

rmed

Ear

th o

rbit

oper

atio

ns.

7 N

AS

A M

ajor

Lau

nch

Rec

ord - M

anne

d P

rogr

ams

(con

tinue

d)

A

h>

Mis

sion

La

unch

ve

hicl

e La

unch

(la

ndin

d)

Mis

sion

du

ratio

n hr

:min

:sec

- -

Apo

llo 8

Apo

llo 9

Apo

llo 1

0

Apo

llo 1

1

Apo

llo 1

2

Apo

llo 1

3

Apo

llo 1

4

Apo

llo 1

5

Apo

llo 1

6

Sat

urn

V

Sat

urn

V

Sat

urn

V

Sat

urn

V

Sat

urn

V

Sat

urn

V

Szt

um V

Sat

urn

V

Sat

urn

V

Dec

embe

r 21,

1968

(D

ezem

ber 2

7,1

96

8)

Mar

ch 3

, 19

69

(Mar

ch 1

3, 1

969)

May

18,

106

9 (M

ay 2

6, 1

969)

Ju

ly 1

6, 1

969

(Jul

y 24

, 19

69)

Nov

embe

r 14

, 196

9 (N

ovem

ber 2

4, 1

969)

Apr

il 1 1

, 197

0 (A

pril

17,

1970

)

Janu

ary

31

,19

71

(F

ebru

ary

9.1

97

1)

July

26,

197

1 (A

ugus

t 7, 1

971)

Apr

il 16

, 197

2 (A

pril 2

7, 1

972)

Dec

embe

r 7,1

97

2

(Dec

embe

r 19

,19

72

)

Rem

arks

Firs

t man

ned

Sat

urn

V fl

ight

with

Fra

nk B

orm

an, J

ames

A.

Love

ll, J

r., a

nd W

illia

m A

. A

nder

s. F

irst m

anne

d lu

nar o

rbit

mis

sion

; pro

vide

d cl

oseu

p lo

ok a

t M

oon

durin

g 10

luna

r orb

its.

Ear

th o

rbita

l flig

ht w

ith J

ames

A.

McD

ivitt

, Dav

id R

. Sco

tt, a

nd R

usse

ll L.

Sch

wei

ckar

t. F

irst f

light

of l

unar

mod

ule.

Per

form

ed rc

ndez

vous

, doc

king

, and

EV

A.

Luna

r orb

ital f

light

with

Tho

mas

P. S

taffo

rd, J

ohn

W. Y

oung

, and

Eug

ene

A. C

erna

n to

test

all

aspe

cts

of a

n ac

tual

man

ned

luna

r la

ndin

g ex

cept

the

land

ing.

Firs

t lun

ar la

ndin

g an

d re

turn

to E

art

h w

ith tl

eil

A. A

rmst

rong

, Mic

hael

Col

lins,

and

B

uzz

Ald

rin. L

ande

d in

the

Sea

of T

ranq

uilit

y on

Jul

y 20

; dep

loye

d TV

cam

era

and

EA

SE

P e

xper

imen

ts; p

erfo

rmed

EV

A, r

etur

ned

luna

r soi

l s~

mp

les.

Sec

ond

luna

r lan

ding

and

retu

rn w

ith C

harle

s C

onra

d, J

r., R

icha

rd F

. Gor

don,

Jr.,

an

d A

lan

L. B

ean.

Lan

ded

in th

e O

cean

of

Sto

rms

on N

ovem

ber

19; d

eplo

yed

TJ

ca

mer

a an

d A

LSE

P e

xper

imen

ts; t

wo

EV

As

perf

orm

ed; c

olle

cted

cor

e sa

mpl

e an

d lu

nar

mat

eria

ls; p

hoto

grap

hed

and

retr

ieve

d pa

rts

from

Sur

veyo

r Ill

spac

ecra

ft.

Thi

rd lu

nar l

andi

ng a

ttem

pt w

ith J

ames

A.

Love

ll, J

r., J

ohn

L. S

wig

ert,

Jr.,

and

Fre

d W

. H

aise

, Jr.

Pre

ssur

e lo

st in

ser

vice

mod

ule

oxyg

en s

yste

m; m

issi

on a

bort

ed;

luna

r m

odul

e us

ed fo

r lif

e su

ppor

t.

Thi

rd lu

nar l

andi

ng w

ith A

lan

B. S

hepa

rd, J

r., S

tuar

t A.

Roo

sa, a

nd E

dgar

D. M

itche

ll.

Land

ed in

the

Fra

Mau

ro a

rea

on F

ebru

ary

5; p

erfo

rmed

EV

A; d

eplo

yed

luna

r ex

perim

ents

; ret

urne

d lu

nar s

ampl

es. P

artic

les

and

Fie

lds

(P&

F) s

ubsa

telli

te s

prin

g-

laun

ched

from

ser

vice

mod

ule

in lu

nar o

rbit.

Fou

rth

luna

r lan

ding

with

Dav

id A

. Sco

tt, A

lfred

M. W

orde

n, a

nd J

ames

B.

Irwin

. La

nded

at H

adle

y R

ille

on J

uly

30; p

erfo

rmed

EV

A w

ith lu

nar r

ovin

g ve

hicl

e;

depl

oyed

exp

erim

ents

.

Fift

h lu

nar l

andi

ng m

issi

on w

ith J

ohn

W. Y

oung

, Tho

mas

K. (

Ken

) Mat

tingl

y 11

, and

C

harle

s M

. Duk

e, J

r. L

un

d~

d at D

esca

rtes

on A

pril

20. D

eplo

yed

cam

era

and

expe

rimen

ts; p

erfo

rmed

EV

A w

ith lu

nar

rovi

ng v

ehic

le. D

eplo

yed

PB

F s

ubsa

tellit

e in

luna

r orb

it.

Six

th a

nd la

st lu

nar l

andi

ng m

issi

on w

ith E

ugen

e A

, er

nan,

Ron

ald

E. E

vans

, and

H

arris

on H

. (Ja

ck) S

chm

itt. L

ande

d at

Tau

rus-

Littr

ow o

n D

ecem

ber 1

1. D

eplo

yed

cam

era

and

expe

rimen

ts, p

erfo

rmed

EV

A w

ith lu

nar r

ovin

g ve

hicl

e. R

etur

ned

luna

r sa

mpl

es.

NA

SA

Maj

or

Lau

nch

Rec

ord

- M

ann

ed P

rog

ram

s (c

ontin

ued)

Mis

sion

La

unch

La

unch

M

issi

on

Rem

arks

ve

hicl

e (l

and

hg

) du

ratio

n hr

:min

:sec

-

Sat

urn

V

May

14,1973

Unm

anne

d la

unch

of f

irst

U.S

. spa

ce s

tatio

n. W

orks

hop

incu

rred

dam

age

durin

g la

unch

. Rep

aire

d d

t~ri

ng

follo

w-o

n m

anne

d m

issi

ons.

Firs

t vis

it to

Sky

lab

wor

ksho

p w

ith C

harle

s (P

ete)

Con

rad,

Jr.,

Jos

eph

P. K

erw

in, a

nd

Pau

l J. W

eitz

. Dep

loye

d pa

raso

l-lik

e th

erm

al b

lank

et to

pro

tect

hul

l and

red

uce

tem

pera

ture

s w

ithin

wor

ksho

p; fr

eed

jam

med

sol

a: w

ing.

Sec

ond

visi

t to

Sky

lab

rvor

ksho

p w

ith A

lan

L. B

ear,

, Ow

en K

. Gar

riott,

and

Jac

k R.

Lous

ma.

Per

form

ed s

yste

ms

and

oper

atio

nal te

sts,

con

duct

ed e

xper

imen

ts,

depi

oyed

ther

mal

shi

eld.

T

hird

vis

it to

Sky

lab

wor

ksho

p w

ith G

eral

d P

. Car

r, E

dwa:

d G

. Gib

son,

and

W

illia

m R

. Pog

ue. P

erfo

rmed

infli

ght e

xper

imen

ts, o

btai

ned

med

ical

dat

a on

cre

w;

perf

orm

ed fo

ur E

VA

s.

Apo

llo s

pace

craf

t with

Tho

mas

P. S

taffo

rd, V

ance

D. B

r::nd,

and

Don

ald

K. S

layt

on

rend

ezvo

used

and

doc

ked

with

Soy

uz 19

spac

ecra

ft w

ith A

lexe

i Le

on

c?~

~

znd

Val

eri K

ubas

ov o

n J

uly 17, 1975.

Firs

t man

ned

orbi

tal t

est f

light

of t

he S

pace

Shu

tt!e

with

Joh

n W

. You

ng a

nd R

ober

t L.

Crip

pen

aboa

rd to

ver

ify th

e co

mbi

ned

perf

orm

ance

of

the

Shu

ttle

vehi

cle.

Sat

urn

IB

May

25,1973

(Jun

e 22, 1973)

Sat

urn

IB

July

28, 1973

(Sep

tem

ber 25, 1973)

Sat

urn

1B

Sky

lab

4

Nov

embe

r f 6,1973

(Feb

ruar

y 8, 1974)

Aw

rlo-S

oyu

z T

est P

roje

ct

Sat

urn

18

July

15, 1975

(Jul

y 24, 1975)

Shu

ttle

(Col

umbi

a)

Shu

ttle

(Col

umbi

a)

Apr

il 12, 1981

(Apr

il 14, 198)

Nov

embe

r 12,1981

(Nov

embe

r 14, 1981)

Sec

ond

orbi

tal t

est f

light

of t

he S

pace

Shu

ttle

with

Joe

H. E

ngle

and

Ric

hard

H. T

ruly

to

ver

ify th

e co

mbi

ned

perf

orm

ance

of t

he S

huttl

e ve

hicl

e. O

ST

A-1

pay

load

dem

on-

stra

ted

capa

bilit

y to

con

duct

sci

entif

ic re

sear

ch in

atta

ched

mod

e.

Sh~

;3le

(C

olum

bia)

M

arch

22, 1982

(Mar

ch 30, i 982)

Thi

rd o

rbita

l tes

t flig

ht o

f the

Spa

ce S

huttl

e w

ith J

ack

R. L

ousm

a an

dC. G

ordo

n F

ulle

rton

to v

erify

the

com

bine

d pe

rfor

man

ce o

f the

Shu

ttle

vehi

cle.

OS

S-1

scie

ntifi

!: ex

perim

ents

con

duct

ed fr

om th

e ca

rgo

bay.

Shu

ttle

(Col

umbi

a)

June

27,1982

(Jul

y 4,

1982)

Fou

rth

and

last

orb

ital t

est f

light

of t

he S

pc 3 S

huttl

e w

ith T

hom

as K

. Mat

tingl

y II

and

Hen

ry W

. H

arts

field

, Jr.

, to

verif

y th

e co

mbi

ned

perf

orm

ance

of t

he S

huttl

e ve

hicl

e.

Car

ried

first

ope

ratio

nal g

etaw

ay s

peci

al c

anis

ter f

or U

tah

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

and

pa

yloa

d D

OD

82-1.

Firs

t ope

ratio

nal f

light

of t

he S

huttl

e w

ith V

ance

D. B

rand

, Rob

ert F

. Ove

rmye

r,

Jose

ph P

. Alle

n IV

, and

Will

iam

B. L

enoi

r. T

wo

sate

llite

s de

ploy

ed:

SB

S-C

(c

omm

erci

al re

imbu

rsab

le) a

nd T

ELE

SA

T-C

(Can

ada

reim

burs

able

). D

emon

stra

ted

abili

ty to

con

duct

rou

tine

spac

e op

erat

ions

.

Shu

ttle

(Col

umbi

a)

Nov

embe

r 1 I,

1982

(Nov

embe

r 16, 1982)

NA

SA

Maj

or

Lau

nch

Rec

ord

- M

afin

ed P

rog

ram

s (c

ontin

ued)

Mis

sion

La

unch

La

unch

M

issi

on

Rem

arks

ve

hlcl

e (la

ndin

g)

dura

tion

hr:m

in:s

ec

ST

S-9

ST

S 4

1 -B

ST

S 4

1 -C

ST

S 4

1 -0

Shu

ttle

(Cha

lleng

er)

Shu

ttle

(Cha

lleng

er)

Shu

ttle

(Ch

alle

n~

er)

Shu

ttle

(Col

umbi

a)

shutt

le

(Cha

lleng

er)

Shu

ttle

(Cha

lleng

er)

Shu

ttle

(Dis

cove

ry)

Apr

il 4,

198

3 (A

pril

9, 1

983)

June

18

,19

83

(J

une

24,

1983

)

Aug

ust 3

0, 1

983

(Sep

tem

ber 5

, 19

83)

Nov

embe

r 28,

198

3 (D

ecem

ber 8

, 198

3)

Feb

ruar

y 3

,19

84

(F

ebru

ary

1 1,1

98

4)

Aug

ust 3C. 1

984

(Sep

tem

ber 5

, 19

84)

120:

23:4

2 S

econ

d op

erat

iona

l flig

ht o

f the

Shu

ttle

with

Pau

l J. W

eitz

, K

arol

J.

Bob

ko, D

onal

d H

. P

eter

son,

and

F. S

tory

Mus

srav

e. D

eplo

yed

Tra

ckin

g an

d D

ata

Rol

ay S

atel

lite

(TD

RS

) to

prov

ide

impr

oved

trac

king

and

dat

a ac

quis

itior

w

ices

to s

pace

craf

t in

low

Ear

th o

rbit;

per

form

ed E

VA

. 14

6:23

:59

Thi

rd o

pera

tiona

l flig

ht o

f Shu

ttle

with

Rob

ert L

. Crip

pen,

Fre

deric

k H

. Hau

ck, J

ohn

M.

Fab

ian,

Sal

ly K

. R

ide

(firs

t U.S

. wom

an in

spa

ce),

and

Nor

man

E. T

haga

rd. D

eplo

yed

two

com

mun

icat

ions

sat

ellit

es. T

ELE

SA

T (

Can

ada

reim

burs

able

) and

PA

LAP

A

(Ind

ones

ia re

imbu

rsab

le).

Car

ried

out e

xper

imen

ts in

clud

ing

laun

chin

g an

d ?c

over

ing S

PA

S 0

1.

145:

08:4

3 F

ourt

h op

erat

iona

l flig

ht o

f Shu

ttle

with

Ric

hard

H. T

ruly

, D

anie

l C.

Bra

nden

stei

n,

Dal

e A

. Gar

dner

, Gui

on S

. Blu

ford

, Jr.

(firs

t bla

ck a

stro

naut

), a

nd W

illiam

E. T

hom

ton.

F

irst n

ight

laun

ch a

-~d

land

ing.

Dep

loye

d IN

SA

T (I

ndia

reim

burs

able

),

perfo

rmed

test

s an

d ex

perim

ents

.

247:

47:2

4 F

irst S

pace

lab

mis

sion

with

Joh

n W

. You

ng, B

rew

ster

W. S

haw

, Jr.,

Ow

en K

. Gar

riott,

R

ober

t A.

R. P

arke

r, B

yron

K. L

icht

enbe

rg, a

nd U

lf M

erbo

ld (E

SA

).

Spa

cela

b 1,

a m

ultid

isci

plin

e sc

ienc

e pa

yloa

d, c

arrie

d in

Shu

ttle

carg

o ba

y.

191 :

15:5

5 F

ourt

h C

halle

nger

flig

ht w

ith V

ance

D. B

rand

, Rob

ert L

. Gib

son,

Bru

ce M

cCan

dles

s 11,

Ron

ald

E. M

cNai

r, an

d R

ober

t L. S

tew

art.

Dep

loye

d W

ES

TAR

(W

este

rn U

nion

re

imbu

rsab

le),

and

PA

LAP

A 8

-2 (I

ndon

esia

reim

burs

able

). B

oth

PA

Ms

faile

d; b

oth

sate

llite

s re

trie

ved

on 5

1 -A

mis

sion

. Ren

dezv

ous te

sts

perfo

rmed

with

IRT

, usi

ng

defla

ted

targ

et. E

valu

ated

man

ned

man

euve

ring

unit

(MM

U) a

nd m

anip

ulat

or fo

ot

rest

rain

t (M

FR

). F

ird

land

ing

at K

SC

.

167:

40:0

7 F

ifth

Cha

lleng

er fl

ight

with

Rob

ert L

. Crip

pen,

Fra

ncis

R. S

cobe

e, T

erry

J. H

art,

Geo

rge

D. N

elso

n, a

nd J

ames

D. A

. van

Hof

ten.

LD

EF

dep

loye

d; S

olar

Max

imum

M

issi

on re

trie

ved

and

repa

ired

in c

argo

bay

, red

eplo

yed

Apr

il 12

.

144:

56:0

4 F

irst D

isco

very

flig

ht w

ith H

enry

W. H

arts

field

, Jr.

, M

icha

el L

. Coa

ts, R

icha

rd M

. M

ulla

ne, S

teve

n A

. H

awle

y, J

udith

A.

Res

nik,

and

Cha

rles

D. W

alke

r. D

eplo

yed

SB

S (c

omm

erci

al re

imbu

rsab

le),

LE

AS

AT

(co

mm

erci

al re

imbu

rsab

le) a

nd T

ELS

TA

R

(AT

&T

reim

burs

able

), c

arrie

d ou

t ex

perim

ents

incl

udin

g O

AS

T-1

sol.

2rra

y.

NA

SA

K~

jor Lau

nch

Rec

ord

- M

anne

d P

rog

ram

s (c

ontin

ued)

-

Mis

sio

n

Lau

nch

L

aun

ch

Mis

sio

n

Rem

arks

b

ehic

le

(lan

din

g)

du

ratio

n

hr:m

in:s

ec --

---

ST

S 4

1 -G

S

huttl

e O

ctob

er 5

, 19

84

(Ch

~lle

ng

er)

(O

ctob

er 1

3, 1

984)

ST

S 5

1 -A

S

huttl

e N

ovem

ber 8

,198

4 (D

isco

very

) (N

ovem

ber 1

6,19

84)

ST

S 5

1 -C

ST

S 5

1-D

ST

S 5

1 -B

ST

S 5

1 -G

ST

S 5

1-F

Shu

ttle

Janu

ary

24

,19

85

(D

isco

very

) (J

anua

ry 2

7, 1

985)

Shu

ttle

Apr

il 1

2,1

99

5

(Dis

cove

ry)

(Apr

il 19

, 198

5)

197:

23:3

3 S

ixth

Cha

lleng

er fl

ight

witr

~ Rob

er: L

. Crip

pen,

Jon

A.

McB

ride,

Kat

hryn

D. S

ulliv

an,

Sal

ly K

. Rid

e, D

avid

C. L

eest

ma,

Pau

l I?..

Scu

lly-P

ower

, and

Mar

c G

arne

au

(Can

ada)

. Dep

loye

d F

RE

S b

prc

vide

glo

bal m

easu

rem

ents

of t

he S

un's

rad

iatio

n re

flect

ed a

nd a

bsor

bed

by E

arth

; per

form

ed s

cien

tific

exp

erim

ents

usi

ng O

ST

A-3

an

d ot

her

inst

rum

ents

.

191 :

44:5

6 S

econ

d D

isco

very

flig

ht w

ith F

rede

rick !i

. Hau

ck, D

avid

M. W

alke

r, Jo

seph

P. A

llen

IV,

Ann

a L.

Fis

her,

Dal

e A

. Gar

dner

. Dep

loye

d T

ELE

SA

T (C

anad

a re

imbu

rsab

le) a

nd

SY

NC

OM

IV-1

(Hug

hes

reim

burs

able

). E

etrie

ved

and

retu

rned

PA

LAP

A 8

-2 a

nd

WE

STA

R 6

(lau

nche

d on

41

-8).

73:3

3:23

T

hird

Dis

cove

ry fl

ight

with

Tho

mas

K. (

ken

) M

attin

gly

II, L

oron

J. S

hriv

er, E

lliso

n S

. O

nizu

ka, J

ames

F. B

uchl

i, an

d G

ary

E. P

ayto

n. U

nann

ounc

ed p

aylo

ad fo

r D

OD

(r

eim

burs

able

).

167:

55:2

3 F

ourth

Dis

cove

ry fl

ight

with

Kar

ol J

. Bo

b~

o, D

onal

d E

. Will

iam

s, M

. Rhe

a S

eddo

n, S

. D

avid

Grig

gs, J

effre

y A.

Hof

fman

, Cha

rles

D. W

alke

r, an

d E

. J. "

Jake

" Gar

n (U

.S.

Sen

ator

). D

eplo

yed

SY

NC

OM

(Hug

hee

reim

burs

able

) and

TE

LES

AT

(C

anad

a re

imbu

rsab

le).

SY

NC

OM

seq

uenc

er la

ded

to s

tart,

des

pite

atte

mpt

s by

cre

w,

rem

aine

d in

oper

able

unt

il re

star

ted

b\l

crew

of 5

1 -1.

Shu

ttle

Apr

il 29

, 198

5 16

8:08

:46

Sev

enth

Cha

lleng

er fl

ight

with

Rob

e, t F

. Ove

rmye

r, F

rede

rick

D. G

rego

ry. D

on L

. (C

halle

nger

) (M

av 6

,19

85

) Li

nd. N

orm

an E

. Tha

gard

, Will

iam

E. T

horn

ton,

Lod

ewijk

van

den

Ber

g, a

nd T

;,#or

G.

Wan

g. S

pace

lab

3 m

issi

on c

ondu

cted

app

licat

ions

, sci

ence

, and

tech

nolo

gy

expe

rimen

ts. D

eplo

yed

Nor

ther

n U

tah

Sat

ellit

e (N

US

AT

). G

loba

l Low

Orb

iting

M

essa

ge R

elay

Sat

ellit

e (G

LOM

R) f

aile

d to

dep

loy

and

was

re

tu~

ne

d.

Shu

ttle

June

17

,19

85

16

9:38

:52

Fift

h D

isco

very

flig

ht w

ith D

an

i~l C. B

rand

enst

ein,

Joh

n 0. Cre

ight

on, S

hann

on W

. (D

isco

very

) (J

une

24,1

985)

Lu

cid,

Joh

n M

. Fab

ian,

Ste

ven

8. N

agel

, Pat

rick

Bau

dry

(Fra

nce)

, and

Prin

ce

Sul

tan

Sal

man

Al-S

aud

(Sad

di A

rabi

a). D

eplo

yed

MO

RE

LOS

(Mex

ico

reim

burs

able

), A

RA

BS

AT

(S

audi

Ara

bia

re:m

btrts

dble

) and

TE

LST

AR

(A

T&

T re

imbu

rsab

le).

Dep

loye

d an

d re

trie

ved

SP

4T

c;h

-1.

Shu

ttle

July

29,

198

5 19

0:45

:26

Eig

hth

Cha

lleng

er fl

ight

wilh

Ctr

nrle

s G

. F

ulle

rton

, Roy

D. B

ridge

s, J

r., K

arl G.

(Cha

lleng

er)

(Aug

ust 6

, 19

85)

Hen

ize,

Ant

hony

W.

Eng

land

, F S

tory

Mus

grav

e, L

oren

W. A

cton

, an

d Jo

hn-D

avid

F.

Bar

toe.

Con

duct

ed e

xper

imen

ts in

Spa

cela

b 2.

Dep

loye

d P

lasm

a D

iagn

ostic

P

acka

ge (P

DP

),

pith w

as r

etrie

ved

6 ho

urs

late

r.

i

z I N

AS

A M

ajor

Lau

nch

Rec

ord

- M

anne

d P

rog

ram

s (c

ontin

ued)

A

0)

Mis

sion

La

unch

La

unch

M

issi

on

Rem

arks

ve

hicl

e (la

ndin

g)

dura

tion

hr:m

in:s

ec

ST

S-5

1 -I

Shu

ttle

Aug

ust 2

7,1

98

5

170:

17:4

2 S

ixth

Dis

cove

ry fl

ight

with

Jo

e H

. Eng

le, R

icha

rd 0. Cov

ey, J

ames

D, v

an H

ofte

n,

(Dis

cove

ry)

(Sep

tem

ber 3

,198

5)

Willi

am F

. Fis

her,

John

M. L

oung

e. D

eplo

yed

AIJ

SS

AT

(Aus

tral

ia re

imbu

rsab

le),

AS

C

(Am

eric

an S

atel

lite

Co.

rei

mbu

rsab

le),

and

SY

NC

OM

IV-4

(Hug

hes

reim

burs

able

). A

fter

reac

hing

geo

sync

hron

ous

orbi

t, S

YN

CO

M IV

-4 ce

ased

func

tioni

ng.

Rep

aire

d S

YN

CO

M IV

-3 (l

aunc

hed

by 5

1 -D

).

ST

S 5

1 -J

Shu

ttle

Oct

ober

3,1

98

5

97:4

4:38

F

irst A

tlant

is fl

ight

with

Kar

ol J

. Bob

ko, R

onal

d J.

Gra

be, F

robe

rt L.

Ste

war

t, D

avid

C.

(Atla

ntis

) (O

ctob

er 7

, 19

85)

Hilm

ers,

and

Will

iam

A.

Pai

les.

DO

D m

issi

on.

ST

S 6

1 -A

S

huttl

e O

ctob

er 3

0, 1

985

(Cha

lleng

er)

(Nov

embe

r 6,1

98

5)

ST

S 6

1 -8

ST

S 6

1 -C

ST

S 5

1 -L

ST

§-26

ST

S-2

7

Shu

ttle

Nov

embe

r 26,

198

5 (A

tlant

is)

(Dec

embe

r 3,1

985)

Shu

ttle

Janu

ary

12

,19

86

(C

olum

bia)

(J

anua

ry 1

8, 1

986)

Shu

ttle

Janu

ary

28,1

986

(Cha

lleng

er)

(Fai

led

orbi

t)

Shu

ttle

Sep

tem

ber 2

9, 1

988

(Dis

cove

ry)

(Oct

ober

3,

1988

)

Shu

ttle

Dec

embe

r 2,

1988

(A

tlant

is)

(Dec

embe

r 6,

1988

)

168:

44:5

1 N

inth

Cha

lleng

er fl

ight

with

Heo

ry W

. H

arts

field

, Jr.

, Ste

ven

R.

Nag

el, B

onni

e J.

D

unba

r, Ja

mes

F. B

ucbl

i, G

uion

S. B

lufo

rd, J

r., E

mst

Mes

sers

chm

id (W

est G

erm

any)

, R

eirth

ard

Fur

rer (

Ger

man

y), a

nd W

ubbo

J.

Odc

els

(The

Net

herla

nds)

. Spa

cela

b D

-1

mis

sion

to c

ondu

ct s

cien

tific

exp

erim

ents

. Dep

loye

d G

LOM

AR

. Can

iod

mat

eria

ls

expe

rimen

t ass

embl

y (M

EA

) for

on-

orbi

t pro

cess

ing

of m

ater

ials

sci

ence

exp

erim

ents

sp

ecim

ens.

165:

04:4

9 S

econ

d A

tlant

is fl

ight

with

Bre

wst

er H

. Sha

w, J

r., B

ryan

D. O

'Con

ner,

Mar

y L.

Cle

ave,

S

herw

ood

C. S

prin

g, J

erry

L. R

oss,

Rud

olfo

Ner

i Vel

a (M

OR

ELO

S),

Cha

rles

D.

Wal

ker (M

DA

C).

Dep

loye

d M

OR

ELO

S (M

exic

o re

imbu

rsab

le),

AU

SS

AT

(Aus

tral

ia

reim

burs

able

) and

SA

TC

OM

(RC

A re

irnbu

rsab

le).

Dem

onst

rate

d co

nstr

uctio

n in

sp

ace

with

EA

SE

and

AC

CE

SS

.

146:

03:5

1 S

ixth

Col

umbi

a fli

ght w

ith R

ober

t L. G

ibso

n, C

harle

s F. B

olde

n, J

r., F

rank

lin R

. C

hang

-Dia

z, G

eorg

e D

. Nel

son,

Ste

ven

A.

Haw

ley,

Rob

ert J

. Cen

ker (R

CA

), a

nd

C. W

illia

m N

elso

n (C

ongr

essm

an).

Dep

loye

d S

AT

CO

M (R

CA

reim

burs

able

).

Eva

luat

ed m

ater

ial s

cien

ce la

b pa

yloa

d ca

rrie

r and

pro

cess

ing

faci

l~tie

s. Car

ried

HH

G-1

to a

ccom

mod

ate

GA

S p

aylo

ads.

00

:00:

73

Ten

th C

halle

nger

flig

ht w

ith F

ranc

is R

. Sco

bee,

Mic

hael

J. S

mith

, Jud

ith A

. R

esni

k,

Elli

son

S. O

nizu

ka, R

onal

d E

. McN

air.

Gre

gory

B. J

arvi

s (H

ughe

s). S

. Chr

ista

M

cAul

iffe

(tea

cher

). A

ppro

xim

atel

y 73

sec

onds

into

flig

ht,

Cha

lleng

er w

as lo

st.

97:0

0:57

S

even

th D

isco

very

flig

ht w

ith F

rede

rick

H. H

auck

, Ric

hard

0. Cov

ey. J

ohn

M.

Loun

ge, D

avid

C. H

ilmer

s, a

nd G

eorg

e D

. Nel

son.

Dep

loye

d se

cond

Tra

ckin

g an

d D

ata

Rel

ay S

atel

lite.

105:

06:1

9 T

hird

Atla

ntis

flig

ht w

ith R

ober

t L. G

ibso

n, G

uy S

. Gar

dner

, Ric

hard

M. M

ulla

ne,

Jerr

y L.

Ros

s, a

nd W

illia

m M

. She

pher

d. D

OD

mis

sion

.

NA

SA

Maj

or L

aunc

h R

ecor

d - M

anne

d P

rog

ram

s (c

ontin

ued)

Mis

sion

La

unch

La

unch

ve

hicl

e (la

ndin

g)

Shu

ttle

(Dis

cove

ry)

Shu

ttle

(Atla

ntis

)

Shu

ttle

(Colu

m>i:

:

Shu

ttle

(Atla

ntis

)

Mar

ch 1

3,19

89

(Mar

ch 1

7, 1

989)

May

4,1

98

9

(May

8, 1

989)

Au

ps

t 8,1

98

9

(At ~q

ilst

13, 1

989)

Oct

ober

18,

1989

(O

ctob

er 2

3,19

89)

Shu

ttle

Nov

embe

r 22,

198

9 (D

ism

bety

) (N

ovem

ber 2

7, 1

989)

Shu

ttle

Janu

ary

9, 1

990

(Col

umbi

a)

(Jac

luar

y 20

, 19

90)

Shu

ltlo

Feb

ruar

y 28

, 19

90

(Atla

ntis

) (M

arch

4,

1990

)

Shu

ttle

Apr

il 24

, 19

90

(Dis

cove

ry)

(Apr

il 29

, 19

90)

Shu

ttle

Oct

ober

e, 1

990

(Dis

cove

ry)

(Oct

ober

10,

199

0)

Shu

ttle

Nov

embe

r 15

, 199

0 (A

tlant

is)

(Nov

embe

r 20,

199

0)

Shu

ttle

Dec

embe

r 2,1

99

0

(Col

umbi

a)

(Dec

embe

r 11,

199

0)

Shu

ttle

Apr

il 5,

199

1 (A

tlant

is)

(Apr

il 10

, 1 99

1 )

Shu

ttle

Apr

il 28

, 19

91

(Dis

cove

ry)

(May

6,

1 991

)

- -

Mis

sion

du

ratio

n hr

:min

:sec

I 19

:38:

52

121 :

00:0

9

121 :

00:0

9

1 19

:39:

24

120:

06:4

9

261 :

00:3

7

106:

18:2

3

121 :

16:0

5

98

:ll

11

7:55

21 5

06

120.

02

199:

04

Eig

hth

Dis

cove

ry fl

ight

dep

loye

d T

FR

S-D

JIU

S. C

rew

mem

bers

wer

e M

icha

el C

oats

, Jo

hn B

laha

, Jam

es B

agia

n, J

ames

Buc

hli,

and

Rob

ert S

prin

ger.

Fou

rth

Atla

ntis

flig

ht d

eplo

yed

Mag

ella

n (V

enus

pro

b)l

lUS

. Cre

w m

embe

rs w

ere

Dav

id W

alke

r, R

onal

d G

rabe

, Nor

man

Tha

gard

, Mar

y C

leav

e, a

nd M

ark

Lee.

Eig

hth

Col

umbi

a fli

ght w

as a

cla

ssifi

ed D

OD

mis

sion

. Cre

w m

embe

rs w

ere

Bre

wst

er S

haw

, Ric

hard

Ric

hard

s, D

avid

Leo

stm

a, J

ames

Ada

mso

n, a

nd M

ark

Bro

wn.

Fift

h A

tlant

is flig

ht d

eplo

yed

Gal

ileo

(Jup

iter p

robe

)/lU

S. C

rew

mem

bers

wer

e D

onal

d W

illiam

s, M

icha

el M

cCul

ley,

Elle

n B

aker

, Fra

nklin

Cha

ng-D

iaz,

and

S

hann

on L

ucid

.

Nin

th D

isco

very

f!ig

ht w

as a

cla

ssifi

ed D

OD

mis

sion

. Cre

w m

embe

rs w

ere

Fre

deric

k G

rego

ry, J

ohn

Bla

ha, M

anle

y C

arte

r, F

. Sto

ry M

usgr

ave,

and

Kat

hryn

Tho

rnto

n.

Nin

th C

olum

bia

fligh

t with

Dan

iel C

. Bra

nden

stei

n, J

ames

D. W

ethe

rbee

, Bon

nie

J.

Dun

bar,

Mar

sha

S.

Ivin

s, G

. Dav

id L

ow. D

eplo

yed

Syn

com

IV-5

. Car

ried

out N

AS

A

expe

rimen

ts.

Six

th A

tlant

is fl

ight

with

Joh

n D

. Cre

ight

on, J

ohn

H. C

aspe

r, D

avid

C. H

ilmer

s,

Ric

hard

M. M

ulla

ne, P

ierr

e J.

Thu

ot. D

OD

mis

sion

.

Ten

th D

isco

very

flig

ht w

ith L

oren

J. S

hriv

er, C

harle

s F.

Bol

den,

Bru

ce M

cCan

dles

s,

Ste

ven

A. H

awle

y, K

athr

yn D

. Sul

livan

. Dep

loym

ent o

f Hub

ble

Spa

ce T

eles

cope

. C

arrie

d ou

t N

AS

A a

nd A

ir F

orce

exp

erim

ents

.

Ele

vent

h D

isco

very

flig

ht w

ith R

icha

rd N

. Ric

hard

s, R

ober

t D. C

aban

a, B

ruce

E.

Mel

nick

, W

illia

m M

. She

pher

d, T

hom

as D

. Ake

rs. D

eplo

yed

Uly

sses

(sol

ar p

olar

pr

obe)

. Car

ried

out N

AS

A a

nd A

ir F

orce

exp

erim

ents

.

Sev

enth

Atla

ntis

mis

sion

with

Ric

hard

0. C

ovey

, Fra

nk L

. Cul

bert

son,

Rob

ert C

. S

prin

ger,

Car

l J. M

eade

, Cha

rles

D. G

emar

. DO

D m

issi

on.

Ten

th C

olum

bia

fligh

t with

Van

ce B

rand

. Guy

S. G

ardn

er, J

ohn

M. L

oung

e, J

effr

ey

A. H

offm

an, R

ober

t A.

R. P

arke

r, R

onal

d A.

Par

ise,

Sam

uel T

. D

urra

nce.

Car

ried

Ast

ro-1

. Car

ried

out N

AS

A a

nd A

ir F

orce

exp

erim

ents

.

Eig

hth

Atla

ntis

mis

sion

with

Ste

ven

R. N

agel

, Ken

neth

D. C

amer

on, L

inda

M.

God

win

, Jer

ome

Apt

, Jer

ry F

ioss

. Dep

loye

d th

e G

amm

a R

ay O

bser

vato

ry.

Tw

elfth

Dis

cove

ry m

issi

on w

itn M

ict\ael L

. Coa

ts, L. B

lain

s H

amm

ond,

Gui

on S

. B

lufo

rd, J

r., R

icha

rd .!.

Hie

b, C

harle

s La

cy V

each

, Gre

gory

J.

Har

boug

h. D

onal

d R

. M

cMon

agle

.

1

7 N

AS

A M

ajor

Lau

nch

Rec

ord -

Man

ned

Pro

gra

ms

(con

clud

ed)

A

Q)

--

Laun

ch

veh

icle

- -

Laun

ch

(lan

din

g)

Mis

sion

d

ura

tion

hr

:min

:sec

Mis

sio

n

Rem

arks

Shu

ttle

(Col

umbi

a)

June

5,

1991

(J

une

10, 1

991)

E

leve

nth

Col

umbi

a fli

ght w

ith B

rian

O'C

onno

r, S

id G

uite

rrez

, Tam

ara

Jern

igan

, R

hea

Sed

don,

Jam

es B

agia

n. S

pace

lab

Life

Sci

ence

s-1

carr

ied

out l

ife s

cien

ces

rese

arch

.

Nin

th A

tlant

is m

issi

on d

eplo

yed

TD

RS

-EIIU

S. C

rew

mem

bers

wer

e Jo

hn B

laha

, M

icha

el B

aker

, Jam

es A

dam

son,

Dav

id L

ow, a

nd S

hann

on L

ucid

. S

huttl

e (A

tlant

is)

Shu

ttle

(Dis

cove

ry)

Aug

ust 2

,19

91

(A

ugus

t 11,

199

1)

Sep

tem

ber 1

2, 1

991

(Sep

tem

ber 1

8,1

99

1)

Thi

rtee

nth

Dis

cove

~y m

issi

on d

eplo

yed

Upp

er A

tmos

pher

e R

esea

rch

Sat

ellit

e (U

AR

S).

Cre

w m

embe

rs w

ere

John

Cre

ight

on, K

enne

th R

eigh

tler,

Mar

k B

row

n,

Jam

es B

uchl

i, an

d C

harle

s G

emar

.

Shu

ttle

(Atla

ntis

) N

ovem

ber 2

4,19

91

(Dec

embe

r 1,

199

1 )

ren

th A

tlant

is m

issi

on d

eplo

yed

DS

P-I

US

. Cre

w m

embe

rs w

ere

Fre

deric

k G

rego

ry,

:are

nce

Hen

ricks

, F. S

tory

Mus

grav

e, M

ario

Run

co, J

ames

Vos

s, a

nd T

hom

as

Hen

nen.

Shu

t?le

(D

isco

very

) Ja

nuar

y 2

2,1

99

2

(Jan

uary

30,

199

2)

Fou

rtee

nth

Dis

cove

ry m

issi

on c

arrie

d In

tern

atio

nal M

icro

grav

ity L

abor

ator

y 1.

Cre

w

mem

bers

wer

e R

onal

d G

rabe

, Ste

ven

Osw

ald,

Nor

man

Tha

gard

, Will

iam

Rea

ddy,

D

avid

Hilm

ers,

Rob

erta

Dun

bar,

and

Ulf

Mer

bold

.

Shu

ttle

(Atla

ntis

) M

arch

24,

199

2 (A

pril

2, 1

992)

E

leve

nth

Atla

ntis

mis

sion

, car

ried

AT

LAS

1 a

nd S

SB

UV

. C

rew

mem

bers

wer

e C

harle

s B

olde

n, B

rian

Duf

fy, K

athr

yn S

ulliv

an, D

avid

Lee

stm

a, C

. Mic

hael

Foa

le,

Dirk

Frim

out,

and

Byr

on L

icht

enbe

rg.

Shu

ttle

(Col

umbi

a)

June

25

,19

92

(J

uly

9, 1

992)

T

wel

fth C

olum

bia

fligh

t car

ried

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Mic

rogr

avity

Lab

orat

ory I, ED

0

cryo

geni

c pa

llet.

Cre

w m

embe

rs w

ere

Ric

hard

Ric

hard

s, K

enne

th B

ower

sox,

B

onni

e D

unba

r, E

llen

Bak

er, C

arl M

eade

, Eug

ene

Trin

h, a

nd L

awre

nce

Del

ucas

.

Firs

t flig

ht o

f E

ndea

vour

per

form

ed IN

TE

LSA

T V

I reb

oost

and

AS

EM

task

s. C

rew

m

embe

rs w

ere

Dan

iel B

rand

enst

ein,

Kev

in C

hilto

n, R

icha

rd H

ieb,

Bru

ce M

elni

ck,

Pie

rre

Thu

ot, K

athr

yn T

horn

ton,

and

Tho

mas

Ake

rs.

Shu

ttle

(End

eavo

ur)

May

7,

1992

(M

ay 1

6,1

99

2)

Shu

ttle

(Atla

ntis

) Ju

ly 3

1, 1

992

(Aug

ust 8

,19

92

) T

wel

fth fl

ight

of A

tlant

is d

eplo

yed

EU

RE

CA

and

con

duct

ed T

SS

-1 o

pera

tions

. Cre

w

mem

bers

wer

e Lo

ren

Shr

iver

, And

rew

Alle

n, C

laud

e N

icol

lier,

Mar

sha

Ivin

s, J

effr

ey

Hof

fman

, Fra

nklin

Cha

ng-D

iaz,

and

Fra

nco

Mal

erba

.

Sec

ond

tligh

t of

End

eavo

ur c

arrie

d S

pace

lab-

J. C

rew

mem

bers

wer

e R

ober

t G

ibso

n,

Jero

me

Apt

, Cur

tis B

row

n, M

ark

Lee,

Jan

Dav

is, M

ae J

emis

on, a

nd M

amor

u M

ohri.

S

huttl

e (E

ndea

vour

) S

epte

mbe

r 12

,19

92

(S

epte

mbe

r 20,

199

2)

Sou

rces

: N

AS

A P

ocke

t Sta

tistic

s, Ja

nuar

y 19

92

JSC

Miss

ian

Flig

ht C

ards

, STS

40

47

Sum

mar

y of

Pro

ject

Mer

cury

Exp

erim

ents

--

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Pay

load

s an

d ex

peri

men

ts

--

-

MA

-6

Feb

ruar

y 20

, 19

62

Gro

und

Ligh

t Exp

erim

ent

(Fre

edom

7)

Wea

ther

Pho

togr

aphy

T

erra

in P

hoto

grap

hy

Rad

iatio

n to

Ast

rona

ut D

osag

e M

easu

rem

ent

Mic

rom

eteo

rite

Stu

dies

MA

-7

May

24,

196

2 G

roun

d Li

ght E

xper

imen

t (A

uror

a 7)

H

oriz

on-D

efin

ition

Pho

togr

aphy

W

eath

er P

hoto

grap

hy

Ter

rain

Pho

togr

aphy

Rad

iatio

n to

Ast

rona

ut D

osag

e M

easu

rem

ent

Tet

here

d B

allo

on E

xper

imen

t Li

quid

Beh

avio

r at Z

ero-

Gra

vity

M

icro

met

eorit

e S

tudi

es

MA

-8

Oct

ober

3,

1962

G

roun

d Li

ght E

xper

imen

t E

mul

sion

Pac

ksllo

niza

tion

Cha

mbe

rs

(Sig

ma

7)

Wea

ther

Pho

togr

aphy

M

ap E

lect

ron

Flu

x E

xter

nal t

o S

pace

craf

t T

erra

in P

hoto

grap

hy

Stu

dy o

f V

ario

us A

blat

ive

Mat

eria

ls

Rad

iatio

n to

Ast

rona

ut D

osag

e M

easu

rem

ent

Mic

rom

eteo

rite

Stu

dies

MA

-9

May

15,

196

3 G

roun

d Li

ght E

xper

imen

t R

adia

tion

to A

stro

naut

Dos

age

Mea

sure

men

t (F

aith

7)

Fla

shin

g Li

ght E

xper

imen

t E

mul

sion

Pac

ksllo

niza

tion

Cha

mbe

rs

Hor

izon

-Def

initi

on P

hoto

grap

hy

Map

Ele

ctro

n F

lux

Ext

erna

l to

Spa

cecr

aft

Wea

ther

Pho

togr

aphy

T

ethe

red

Bal

loon

Exp

erim

ent

Ter

rain

Pho

togr

aphy

M

icro

met

eorit

e S

tudi

es

Dim

-Lig

nt P

hoto

grap

hy

-- -

Sou

rce:

Mer

cury

Pro

ject

Sum

mar

y In

clud

ing

Res

ults

of t

he F

ourth

Man

ned

orbi

tal F

light

, May

15

and

16, 1

963.

7

Su

mn

~ary

of P

roje

ct G

emln

i Exp

erim

ents

Exp

erim

ents

k

0

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

Mar

ch 2

3, 1

965

Sea

Urc

hin

Egg

Gro

wth

R

adia

tion

and

Zer

o-G

Effe

cts

on B

lood

R

eent

ry C

omm

unic

atio

ns

IV

June

3.1

965

In-f

ligh

t Exe

rcis

er

Tri-

Axi

s M

agne

tom

eter

In

-Flig

ht P

hono

card

iogr

am

Rad

iatio

n in

Spa

cecr

aft

Bon

e D

emin

eral

izat

ion

Sim

ple

Nav

igat

ion

Ele

ctro

stat

ic C

harg

e S

ynop

tic (W

ide

Ang

le)

Ter

rain

and

Wea

ther

Pho

togr

aphy

P

roto

n E

lect

ron

Spe

ctro

met

er

Tw

o-C

olor

Ear

th's

Lim

b P

hoto

grap

hy

V

Aug

ust 2

1,19

65

Car

diov

ascu

lar C

ondi

tioni

ng

Sur

face

Pho

togr

aphy

In

-Flig

ht E

xerc

iser

S

pace

Obj

ect R

adio

met

ry

In-f

ligh

t Pho

noca

rdio

gram

A

stro

naut

Vis

ibilit

y B

one

Dem

iner

aliz

atio

n Z

odia

cal L

igM

Pho

togr

aphy

H

uman

Oto

lith

Fun

ctio

n S

ynop

tic (W

ide-

Ang

le) T

erra

in a

nd W

eath

er P

hoto

grap

hy

Els

ctro

stat

ic C

harg

e C

loud

Top

Spe

ctro

met

er

Bas

ic a

nd N

earb

y O

bjec

t Pho

togr

aphy

V

isua

l Acu

ity

Cel

estia

l Pho

togr

aphy

VI

Dec

embe

r 15,

196

5 R

adia

tion

in S

pace

craf

t S

yncr

pta

(Wid

e-A

rig!o

) Te

ira

~n

Pho

togr

aphy

S

ynop

tic (W

ide

Ang

le)

Wea

fhsr

Pho

togr

aphy

Dec

embe

r 4,

1965

C

ardi

ovas

cula

r Con

ditio

ning

In

-Flig

ht E

xerc

iser

In

-Flig

ht P

hono

card

iogr

am

Pro

ton

Ele

ctro

n S

pect

mm

etur

C

eles

tial R

adio

met

ry

Sim

ple

Nav

igat

ion

Vis

ual A

cuity

S

tar O

ccul

tatio

n N

avig

atio

n

Bio

assa

ys o

f Bod

y F

luid

s B

one

Dem

iner

aliz

atio

n C

alci

um B

alan

ce S

tudy

T

ri-A

xis

Mag

neto

met

er

Spa

ce Object

Pho

togr

aphy

A

stro

naut

Vis

ibilit

y La

ndm

ark

Con

tract

Mea

sure

men

ts

Opt

ical

CO

mm

unic

atio

ns

Vlll

M

arch

1 6,

1966

B

ioas

says

of B

ody

Flu

ids

Fro

g E

gg G

row

th

Sum

mar

y of

Pro

ject

Gem

ini E

xper

imen

ts (c

oncl

uded

)

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

IX

June

3,1

966

Bio

assa

ys o

f B

ody

Flu

ids

Zod

iaca

l Lig

ht P

hoto

grap

hy

Airg

low

Hor

izon

Pho

togr

aphy

M

icro

met

eorit

e C

olle

ctio

n A

stro

naut

Man

euve

ring

Uni

t U

HF

NH

F P

olar

izat

ion

Mea

sure

men

ts

Age

na M

icro

met

eorit

e C

olle

ctio

n La

ndm

ark

Con

tras

t Mea

sure

men

ts

X

July

18,

196

6 T

ri-A

xis

mag

neto

met

er

Zod

iaca

l Lig

ht P

hoto

grap

hy

Syn

optic

(Wid

e A

ngle

) Ter

rain

Pho

togr

aphy

M

icro

met

eorit

e C

olle

ctio

n S

ynop

tic (W

ide

Ang

le)

Wea

ther

Pho

togr

aphy

U

ltrav

iole

t Ast

rono

mic

al C

amer

a Io

n W

ake

Mea

sure

men

t A

gena

Mic

rom

eteo

rite

Col

lect

ion

Ion

Sen

sing

Atti

tude

Con

trol

B

eta

Spe

ctro

met

er

Bre

mss

trah

lung

Spe

ctro

met

er

Sta

r O

ccul

tatio

n N

avig

atio

n

XI

Sep

tem

ber

12, 19

66

Mas

s D

eter

min

atio

n S

ynop

tic (W

ide

Ang

le) T

erra

in P

hoto

grap

hy

Rad

iatio

n an

d Z

ero-

G E

ffect

s on

Blo

od

Syn

op!ic

(W

ide

Ang

le) W

eath

er P

hoto

grap

hy

Nuc

lear

Em

ulsi

on

Airg

low

Hor

izon

Pho

togr

aphy

N

ight

Imag

e In

tens

ifica

tion

Ultr

avio

l;t A

stro

nom

ical

Cam

era

ion

Wak

e M

easu

rem

ent

Dim

Lig

ht P

hoto

grap

hy!C

rthic

on

Col

or P

atch

Pho

togr

aphy

XI1

N

ovem

ber 1

1, 1

966

Tri-

Axi

s m

agne

tom

eter

S

ynop

tic (W

ide

Ang

le) T

erra

in P

hoto

grap

hy

Airg

low

Hor

izon

Pho

togr

aphy

S

ynop

tic (W

ide

Ang

le) W

eat5

er P

hoto

grap

hy

Mic

rom

eteo

rite

Col

lect

ion

Ultr

avio

let A

stro

nom

ical

Cam

era

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g E

gg G

row

th

Ion-

Sen

sing

Atti

tude

Co

ntr

ol

Bet

a S

pect

rom

eter

B

rem

sstr

ahlu

ng S

pect

rom

eter

Li

brat

ion

Reg

ions

Pho

togr

aphs

S

odiu

m V

apor

Clo

ud

Man

ual N

avig

atio

n S

ight

ings

Lu

nar U

ltrav

iole

t Spe

ctra

l Ref

lect

ance

Sou

rce:

Gem

ini P

rogr

am S

umm

ary.

NAS

A Fa

cts,

JS

C-1

1813

, NA

SA

IJS

C.

- 7 N S

umm

ary

of P

roje

ct A

pal

ls E

xper

imen

ts

N

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Pay

load

s an

d ex

peri

men

ts

8

Dec

embe

r 21,

196

6 C

osm

ic R

ay D

etec

tor (

Hel

met

s)

Luna

r M

issi

on P

hoto

grap

hy

- -- 11

Ju

ly 1

6, 1

969

Luna

r F

ield

Geo

logy

Lu

nar S

ampl

e A

naly

sis

Soi

l Mec

hani

cs

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r R

angi

ng R

etro

-Ref

lect

or

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sive

Sei

smic

Lu

nar

Dus

t Det

ecto

r S

olar

Win

d C

ompo

sitio

n C

osm

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ay D

etec

tor (

Hel

met

s)

12

Nov

embe

r 14

, 19

69

Cos

mic

Ray

Det

ecto

r (H

elm

ets)

!-

wa

r M

ultis

pect

ral P

h~

tog

rap

hy

Can

dida

te E

xplo

ratio

n S

ites

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togr

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1-

unar

Sam

ple

Ana

lysi

s Lu

nar S

urfa

ce M

agne

tom

eter

S

upra

ther

mal

Ion

Det

ecto

r C

old

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hode

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e S

urve

yor I

ll A

naly

sis

14

Ja

nuar

y 3'

, 1

971

Bis

tatic

Rad

ar

Can

dida

te E

xplo

ratio

n S

ites

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togr

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S

elen

odet

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efer

ence

Poi

nt U

pdat

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im L

ight

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assi

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e~

am

ic

Por

!abl

e M

agne

tom

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narg

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artic

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Env

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Sup

rath

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al Io

n D

etec

tor

Com

man

d M

odul

e O

rbita

l Sci

ence

Pho

togr

aphy

Luna

r F

ield

Geo

logy

S

elen

odet

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efer

ence

Poi

nt U

pdat

e S

oil M

echa

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P

assi

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eism

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Sol

ar W

ind

Spe

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met

er

Sol

ar W

ind

Com

posi

tion

Luna

r Dus

t Det

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r Lu

nar S

urfa

ce C

lose

up P

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grap

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and

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indo

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rans

eart

h Lu

nar

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egen

sche

in F

rom

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r F

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logy

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nar

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ple

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s A

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e S

eism

ic

Lase

r R

angi

ng R

etro

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lect

or

Sol

ar W

ind

Com

posi

tion

Su

mm

ary

of

Pro

ject

Ap

ollo

Exp

erim

ents

(con

tinue

d)

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and e

xper

imen

ts

July

2F

. 1971

Bis

tatic

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ar

Mag

neto

met

er (S

ubsa

telli

te)

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llo W

indo

w M

eteo

roid

G

amm

a-R

ay S

pect

rom

eter

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lpha

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ticle

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ctro

met

er

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vice

Mod

ule

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ital P

hoto

grap

hy

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ensc

hein

Fro

m L

unar

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it C

omm

and

Mod

ule

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togr

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oil

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hani

cs

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sive

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smic

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eat F

low

S

olar

Win

d S

pect

rom

eter

S

upra

ther

mal

!on

Det

ecto

r Lu

nar

Dus

t Det

ecto

r

Apr

il 16, 1

972

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atic

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ar

Mag

neto

met

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telli

te)

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llo W

indo

w M

eteo

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amm

a-R

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pect

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m L

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togr

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oil M

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ic

Luna

r Sur

fsze

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neto

met

er

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t Flo

w

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mic

Ray

Det

ecto

r (S

hest

s)

S-B

and

Tra

nspo

nder

(CS

MIL

M)

S-B

and

Tra

nspo

nder

(Sub

sate

llite

) P

artic

le S

hado

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ound

ary

Laye

r X

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luor

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nce

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s S

pect

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eter

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arth

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Luna

r Fie

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Luna

r Sam

ple

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nar

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face

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neld

met

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ging

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olar

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old

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e

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M)

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(Sub

sate

llite

0 P

artic

le S

hado

wsI

Bou

ndar

y La

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(Sub

sate

llite

) X

-Ray

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ores

cenc

e M

ass

Spe

ctro

met

er

Vis

ual O

bser

vatio

rls F

rom

Lun

ar O

rbit

Ultr

avic

le' P

hoto

grap

hy (e

arth

and

Moo

n)

Luna

r i-

~~

ld

Geo

logy

Lu

nar S

ampl

e A

naly

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Mag

neto

met

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ar W

ind

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posi

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Far

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amer

a/S

pe~

rosc

ope

1

7 N S

um

mar

y of

Pro

ject

Ap

ollc

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ents

(co

ncl

ud

ed)

P

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

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exp

erim

ents

17

Dec

embe

r 7,1

972

S-B

and

Tra

r,sp

onoe

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frar

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cann

ing

Rad

iom

eter

G

amm

a-R

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pect

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S

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togr

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omm

and

Mod

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togr

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S

oil M

echa

nics

S

eism

ic P

rofil

ing

Luna

r Sur

face

Gra

vim

eter

S

urfa

ce E

lect

rical

Pro

pert

ias

C0s

rn.b

9a

y D

etec

tor (

She

ets)

Lu

nar

Atm

osph

eric

Com

posi

tion

Luna

r Sou

nder

A

pollo

Win

dow

Met

eoro

id

Far

Ultr

avio

let S

pect

rom

-ter

V

isua

l Obs

erva

tions

Fro

m L

unar

Grb

it Lu

nar

Fie

ld G

eolo

gy

Luna

r S

ampl

e A

naly

sis

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t Flo

w

Tra

vers

e G

ravi

met

er

Luna

r N

eutr

on P

robe

Lu

nar

Eje

cta

and

Met

eorit

es

Long

-Ter

m L

unar

Sur

face

Exp

osur

e

Sou

rces

: P

roje

ct A

pollo

. NA

SA

Fac

ts, N

AS

NJS

C

Apo

llo P

rogr

am S

umm

ary

Rep

ort,

JSC

-094

23, A

pril

1975

.

Sum

mar

y of

Sky

lab

Exp

erim

ents

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

8L-1

12

May

1 l,

197

3 M

iner

al B

alan

ce

(Wor

ks ho

p)

Nuc

lear

Em

ulsi

on

May

25

, 197

3 B

octo

ria a

nd S

pore

s (C

ie.\)

U

ltrav

iole

t Frn

issi

cn~

From

i Pl~

lsa

-s

Obj

ects

With

in M

ercu

ry's

Orb

it A

tmos

pher

ic A

oe

orp

t~cn

of H

eat

The

rmal

Con

trol

Coa

tings

(Ins

trum

e;.t

Uni

t)

Exo

itier

mic

Bra

zing

T

rans

uran

ic C

osm

ic R

ays

Vum

an V

estib

ular

Fun

ctio

n S

peci

men

Mas

s M

easu

rem

ent

Bon

e M

ire

tal M

easu

rem

ent

Low

er B

ody

Ney

ktiv

e P

ress

lrre

Blo

od V

olum

e an

d R

ed C

ell L

ife S

pan

Spe

cial

Hem

atol

ogic

Effe

cts

Tim

e an

d M

otlo

n S

tudy

B

ody

Mas

s M

easu

rem

ent

Ultr

avio

let X

-Ray

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ar P

hclo

grap

hy

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ay S

pect

rogr

aphi

c T

eles

cope

U

ltrav

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t Spe

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U

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pace

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pher

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Met

als

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y F

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m

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tudi

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f th

e B

lood

M

an's

Imm

unity

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itro

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ects

R

ed B

lood

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l Met

abol

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S

leep

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itorin

g M

etab

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ivity

W

hit6

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h! C

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agra

ph

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pect

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uai X

-Ray

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pe

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th T

erra

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amer

a In

frar

ed S

pe

ctr~

me

ter

FA

ultis

pect

ral S

cann

er

Par

ticle

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lect

ion

Mat

eria

ls P

roce

ssin

g F

acili

Q

Neu

tron

Ana

lysi

s A

stro

naut

Man

euve

ring

Equ

ipm

ent

Cre

w A

ctiv

ities

and

Mai

nten

ance

Stu

dy

In-F

light

Aer

osol

Ana

lysi

s

Sum

mar

y of

Sky

lab

Exp

erim

ents

(con

tinue

d)

-

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

SL-

3 Ju

ly 2

8, 1

973

Cre

wN

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la D

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Foo

t-C

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olle

d tvl

anau

verin

g U

nit

In V

itro

lnlm

unol

ogy

Cyt

opla

stic

Str

eam

ing

Hum

an V

estib

ular

Fun

ctio

n E

ffect

s of

Zer

o G

ravi

ty o

n S

ingl

e H

uman

Cel

ls

Pas

sive

Circ

adia

n R

hyth

m, P

oske

t Mic

e P

assi

ve C

ircad

ian

Rhy

thr?

~, Vin

egar

Gna

t M

agne

tosp

heric

Par

t~cl

e Com

posi

tior!

V

apor

Gro

wth

of

Il-V

I Cor

npou

nds

Imm

isci

ble

Allo

y C

ompo

sitio

ns

Rad

ioac

tive

Tra

cer

Diff

usio

n M

icro

se

gre

ga

ti~

n in G

erna

miu

m

Gro

wth

of

S~

he

rica

l Cry

stal

s W

hisk

er-R

einf

orce

d C

omoo

sitc

s C

oron

ogra

ph C

onta

min

atio

n M

easu

rem

ents

M

ater

ials

Pro

cess

ing

Fac

ility

P

artic

le C

olle

ctio

n M

iner

al B

alan

ce

Bio

assa

y of

Bod

y F

luid

s Lo

wel

Bod

y N

egat

ive

Pre

ssur

e C

ytog

enic

Stu

dies

of t

he B

lw~

d

Blo

od V

olum

e an

d R

ed C

ell L

ife S

~a

n

Spe

cial

Hem

atol

cgic

Effe

cts

Tim

e an

d M

otio

n S

tudy

B

ody

Mas

s M

easu

roni

ent

Ultr

avio

lst X

-Ray

Sol

ar P

hoto

grap

hy

Ultr

avio

let S

pect

rom

eter

U

l';rav

iole

t S

pect

rogr

aphI

Hel

iogr

aph

Mul

tispe

ctra

l Pho

togr

aphi

c F

acili

ty

Mic

row

ove

Rad

iom

eter

, Sca

ttero

met

er a

nd A

ltim

eter

Libr

atio

n C

loud

s X

-Ray

s F

rom

Jup

iter

Web

For

mat

ion

Mas

s M

easu

rem

ent

Indi

um A

ntim

onid

e C

ryst

als

Mix

ed Il

l-V

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

M

etal

and

Hal

ide

Eut

ectic

s S

ilver

Grid

s M

elte

d in

Spa

ce

Cop

per-

Alu

min

um E

utec

tic

Rad

iatio

n in

Spa

ceca

ft T

herm

al C

ontr

ol C

oatin

gs (A

irloc

k M

odul

e)

Hab

itabi

lity

of C

rew

Qua

rter

s A

stro

naut

Man

euve

ring

Equ

ipm

ent

Cre

w A

ctiv

ities

and

Mai

nten

ance

Stu

dy

In-F

light

Aer

osol

Ana

lysi

s N

eutr

on A

naly

sis

Geg

ensc

hein

/Zxl

iaca

l Lig

ht

Ultr

avio

let A

irglo

w H

oriz

on P

hoto

grap

hy

Spe

cim

en M

ass

Mea

sure

men

t B

one

Min

eral

Mea

sure

men

t V

ec!o

rsar

diog

ram

M

an's

Imm

unity

In V

itro

Asp

ects

R

ed B

lood

Cel

l Mst

abol

ism

S

leep

Mon

itorin

g M

etab

olic

Act

ivity

W

hile

Lig

ht C

oron

agra

ph

X-R

ay S

pect

rogr

aphi

c T

eles

cope

D

ual X

-Ray

Tel

esco

pe

Ear

th T

erra

in C

amer

a In

frar

ed S

pect

rom

eter

M

ultis

pect

ral S

cann

er

Sum

mar

y of

Sky

lab

Exp

erim

ents

(con

cltr

ded)

Ftig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erlm

ente

Nov

embe

r 16,

197

3 C

rew

Neh

icle

Dis

turb

ance

s F

oot-

Con

trol

led M

aneu

verin

g U

nit

Pla

nt G

row

th a

nd P

hoto

trop

ism

N

eutr

on A

naly

eis

In-F

light

Aer

osol

Ana

iysi

v C

rew

Act

iviti

es a

nd M

aict

enan

ce S

tudy

T

herm

al C

ontr

ol C

oatin

gs (A

irloc

k M

odul

e)

Ultr

avio

let A

irglo

w H

oriz

on P

hoto

grap

hy

Par

ticle

Col

lect

ion

Tra

nsur

anic

Ccs

mic

Ray

s C

omet

Koh

oclte

k P

hoto

grap

hy

Mu

~tip

urp

cse

F~

lrn

ace

Sys

tem

Im

mis

cibl

e A

lloy

Com

posi

tions

W

hisk

er-R

einf

orce

d C

om

po

~ite

s M

ixeo

Ill-

V C

ryst

al G

row

th

Zer

o-G

ravi

ty F

lam

mab

ility

B

ioas

say

of B

ody

Flu

ids

Bon

e M

insr

al M

easu

rem

ent

Vec

torc

ardi

ogra

m

Man

's Im

mun

ity In

Ilitr

o A

spec

ts

Blo

od V

olum

e an

d R

ed C

ell L

ife S

pace

R

ed B

lood

Cel

l Met

abol

ism

B

ody

Mae

s m

easu

rem

ent

Ultr

avio

let X

-Ray

Sol

ar P

hoto

grnp

hy

X-R

ay S

pect

rogr

aphi

c Te

lesc

ope

Ultr

avio

let S

pect

rom

eter

U

ltrav

iole

t Spe

ctro

grap

hIH

elio

grap

h In

frar

ed S

pect

rom

eter

M

icro

w;iv

e R

adio

met

er, S

catte

rom

eter

, and

Alti

met

er

X-R

ay S

tella

r Cla

sses

M

otor

Sen

sory

Pen

orm

ance

C

apill

ary

Stu

dy

Cor

onag

raph

Con

tam

inat

ion

Mea

sure

men

ts

Ast

rona

ut M

aneu

verin

g E

quip

men

t H

abita

bilit

y of

Cre

w Q

uart

ers

Ra

dia

ti~

n in S

pace

craf

l G

egen

sche

inIZ

odia

cal L

ight

G

alac

tic X

-Ray

Map

ping

M

aane

tosp

heric

Par

ticle

Com

posi

tion

Mat

eria

ls P

roce

ssin

g F

acili

ty

Vap

or G

row

th o

f Il-

VI C

ompo

unds

G

row

th o

f Sph

eric

al C

ryst

als

lndi

dm A

ntim

onid

e C

rysi

als

Cop

per-

Alu

min

um E

utec

tic

Min

eral

Bal

ance

S

peci

men

Mas

s m

easu

rem

ent

Low

er B

ody

Neg

ativ

e P

ress

ure

Cyt

ogen

ir S

tudi

es o

f tne

9lo

od

Spe

cial

hem

atol

ogic

Effe

cts

Sle

ep m

onito

riqg

Tim

e an

d M

ctio

n S

tudy

M

etab

olic

Act

ivK

y W

hi!e

Li

gnt C

~ro

ncg

riip

h

Dua

l X-R

ay T

eles

cope

hn

l~lti

spec

rral

Pho

togr

aphi

c F

acili

ty

Ear

th T

erra

in C

amer

a V

ultis

pect

ral S

cann

er

Sou

rces

: S

kyla

b: A

Chr

onol

ogy

by R

olan

d W

. N

ewki

rk a

nd I

van

D. E

rtel

, Was

hing

ton,

D.C

.: N

AS

A H

eadq

uart

ers,

197

7.

MS

FC

Sky

lab

Mis

sion

Rep

ort:

Sat

urn

Wor

ksho

p, N

AS

A T

UX

-648

1 4, O

ctob

er 1

974.

.y

S

umm

ary

of A

pollo

/Soy

uz T

est

Pro

ject

Exp

erim

ents

bJ w

.- Fl

ight

La

unch

dat

e E

xper

imen

ts

Apo

lloIS

oy uz

Ju

ly 1

5, 1

975

Mic

robi

g! E

xcha

nge

(Joi

nt)

Str

atos

pher

ic A

eros

ol M

easu

rem

ent

Mul

tipur

pose

Fur

nace

(Joi

nt)

Ele

ctro

phor

esis

Tec

hnol

ogy

Ele

ctro

phor

esis

- Ge

rman

C

ryst

al G

row

th

Sof

t X-R

ay

llltr

avi

ole

t Abs

orpt

ion

(Joi

nt)

Ext

rem

e U

ltrav

iole

t Sur

vey

Hel

ium

Glo

w

Dop

pler

Tra

ckin

g Li

ght F

lash

B

iost

ack

Geo

dyna

mic

s E

arth

Obs

erva

tions

and

Pho

togr

aphy

Z

me

-Fo

rmin

g F

ungi

(~o

int)

A

rtifi

cial

Sol

ar E

clip

se (Jo

int)

K

illifi

sh H

atch

ing

and

Orie

ntat

ion

Cel

lula

r Im

mun

e R

espo

nse

Pol

ymor

phon

ucle

ar L

euko

cyte

Res

pons

e

Sou

rce:

Apo

llolS

oyuz

Rep

ort,

Adv

ance

s In

the

Ast

rona

utic

al S

cien

ws,

vol

ume

34, e

dite

d by

Che

ster

M. I e

e, N

AS

AIJ

SC

, 197

7

Su

mm

ary

of S

hu

ttle

Pay

load

s an

d E

xper

imen

ts

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Pay

load

s an

d ex

peri

men

ts

ST

S-I

A

pril

12,1

981

Dev

elcp

men

t Flig

ht In

stru

men

tatio

n (C

olum

bia)

P

assi

ve O

ptic

al S

ampl

e A

ssem

bly

Aer

odyn

amic

Coe

ffici

ent l

dent

ifica

tion

Pac

kage

ST

S-2

N

ovem

ber 1

2,1

981

OS

TA

-1

Orb

ital F

light

Tes

t P

alle

t: (C

olum

bia)

D

evel

opm

ent F

light

Inst

rum

enta

tion

Mea

sure

men

t of

Air

Pol

lu!io

n F

rom

Sat

ellit

e In

duce

d E

nviro

nmen

t Con

tam

inat

ion

Mon

itor

Shu

ttle

Mul

tispe

ctra

l Infr

ared

Rad

iom

eter

A

erod

ynam

ic C

oeffi

cien

t Ide

ntifi

catio

n P

acka

ge

Fea

ture

s Id

entif

icat

ion

and

Loca

tion

Equ

ipm

ent

Oce

an C

olor

Exp

erim

ent

Shu

ttle

Imag

ing

Rad

ar

ST

S-3

M

arch

?2,

198

2 O

SS

-1

(Col

umbi

a)

Mon

odis

pers

e La

tex

Rea

ctor

Exp

erim

ent

Con

tinuo

us F

low

Ele

ctro

phor

esis

Sys

tem

H

efle

x B

ioen

gine

erin

g T

est

Dev

elop

men

t Flig

ht ln

stru

men

tatio

n A

erod

ynam

ic C

oeffi

cien

t lde

ntifi

catio

n P

acka

ge

Get

away

Spe

cial

: V

erifi

catio

n C

anis

ter

ST

S-4

Ju

ne 2

7, 1

982

DO

D 8

2-1

(Col

umbi

a)

Mon

odis

pers

e La

tex

Rea

ctor

Exp

erim

ent

Con

tinuo

us F

low

Ele

ctro

phor

esis

Sys

tem

V

apor

Pha

se C

ompr

essi

on F

reez

er

Dev

elop

men

t Flig

ht ln

stru

men

tatio

n ln

duce

d E

nviro

nmen

t Con

tam

inat

ion

Mon

itor

Get

away

Spe

cial

: U

tah

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

S

tude

nt e

xper

imen

ts;

S-4

05 -

The

Effe

cts

of D

iet,

Exe

rcis

e, a

nd Z

ero-

G

ravi

ty o

n L

ipop

rote

in P

rofil

es

S-4

04 - Th

e E

ffect

s of

Pro

long

ed S

pace

Tra

vel o

n Le

vels

of

Triv

alen

t Chr

omiu

m in

the

Bod

y

ST

S-5

N

ovem

ber 1

1, 1

982

Sat

ellit

e B

usin

ess

Sys

tem

s S

atel

lite

(SB

S-C

IPA

M-D

) D

evel

opm

ent F

light

Inst

rum

enta

tion

(Col

umbi

a)

Tel

esat

Can

ada,

Ltd

. Sat

ellit

e (A

NIK

-CIP

AM

-D)

Effe

cts

of I

nter

actio

n of

Oxy

gen

with

Mat

eria

ls

Atm

osph

eric

Lum

inos

ities

Inve

stig

atio

n G

etaw

ay s

peci

al:

G-0

26-E

RN

O, W

est G

erm

any

(Glo

w E

xper

imen

t)

Stu

dent

exp

erim

ents

: S

EE

1 -5

- F

orm

atio

n of

Cry

stal

s in

Wei

ghtle

ssne

ss

SE

E1 -

2 -

Gro

wth

of

Por

ifera

in Z

ero-

Gra

vity

S

E81

-9 -

Con

vect

ion

in Z

ero-

Gra

vity

1

2 S

umm

ary

of S

huttl

e P

aylo

ads

and

Exp

erim

ents

(con

tinue

d)

0

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Pay

load

s a

~d

ex

peri

men

ts

ST

S-6

A

pril

4, 1

983

Tra

ckin

g an

d D

ata

Rbl

ay S

atel

lite

(TD

RS

-NIU

S)

Rad

iatio

n M

onito

ring

Exp

erim

ent

(Cha

lleng

er)

Con

tinuo

us F

low

Ele

ctro

phor

esis

Sys

tem

) C

argo

Bay

Sto

wag

e A

ssem

bly

Mon

odis

pers

e La

tex

Rea

ctor

G

etaw

ay s

peci

als:

N

ight

timel

Day

time

Opt

ical

Sur

vey

of L

ight

ning

G

-005

- A

sahi

Shi

mba

n, J

apan

G

-049

- U

SA

F A

cade

my

G-3

81 -

Par

k S

eed

Com

pany

, Sou

th C

arol

ina

ST

S-7

Ju

ne 1

8, 1

983

Tel

esat

Can

ada,

Ltd

. Sat

ellit

e (A

NIK

C-2

lPA

M-0

) G

etaw

ay s

peci

als:

(C

halle

nger

) In

done

sian

Sat

ellit

e (P

AL

AP

A-B

lIPA

M-0

) G

-002

- K

ayse

r Thr

;tde,

Wes

t Ger

man

y O

ST

A-2

G

-005

- U

SA

F/N

atio

nal R

esea

rch

Lab

Sh

'le P

alle

t Sat

ellit

e (S

PA

S)

G-0

09 -

Pur

due

Uni

vers

ity

Cc

,~n

uo

us F

low

Ele

ctro

phor

esis

Sys

tem

G

-012

- R

CA

ICam

den,

New

Jer

sey

Sch

ools

M

onod

ispe

rse

Late

x R

eact

or

G-0

33 - C

alifo

rnia

Inst

itute

of T

echn

olog

y C

argo

Bay

Sto

wag

e A

ssem

bly

G-0

88 - E

dsyn

, In

c.

G-3

45 - G

SF

ClN

atio

nal R

esea

rch

Lab

ST

S-8

A

ugus

t 30,1

983

Indi

an N

atio

nal S

atel

lite

(IN

SA

TIP

AM

-D)

(Cha

lleng

er)

Pay

load

Flig

ht T

est A

rtic

le

Shu

ttle

Pal

let S

atel

lite

Rad

iatio

n M

onito

ring

Equ

ipm

ent

Oxy

gen

Inte

ract

ion

and

Hea

t Pip

e E

xper

imen

t In

vest

igat

ion o

f S

TS

Atm

osph

eric

Lu

n~

ii-:o

siiie

s A

nim

al E

nclo

sure

Mod

ule

Incu

bato

r - C

ell

Atta

chm

ent T

est

Con

tinuo

us F

low

Ele

ctro

phor

esis

Sys

tem

D

evel

opm

er~

t Flig

ht In

stru

men

tatio

n G

etaw

ay s

peci

als:

G

-346

- G

SF

C

G-3

47 - N

avy

Res

earc

h La

b G

-348

- O

ffice

of

Spa

ce S

cien

ce

G-4

75 -

Asa

hi S

him

ban,

Jap

an

Phi

late

lic C

over

s -

U.S

. Pos

tal S

ervi

ce

Stu

dent

exp

erim

ent:

SE

81-1

- B

iofe

edba

ck

ST

S-9

N

ovem

ber 2

8, 1

983

Spa

cela

b 1

(Col

umbi

a)

(see

"S

umm

ary

of S

pace

lab

Exp

erim

ents

'?

Sum

mar

y of

Shu

ttle

Pay

load

s an

d E

xper

imen

ts (c

,onf

inue

d)

- --

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

ST

S 4

1 -8

F

ebru

ary

3, 1

984

Indo

nesi

an C

omm

unic

atio

ns (P

ALA

PA

-B2l

PA

M-D

) (C

halle

nger

) W

este

rn U

nion

(WE

ST

AR

VIIP

AM

-D)

St~

utt

le Pal

let S

atel

lite

Aco

ustic

Con

tain

erle

ss E

xper

imen

t Sys

tem

ls

oele

ctric

Foc

usin

g E

xper

imen

t In

tegr

ated

Ren

dezv

ous

Tar

get

Rad

iatio

n M

onito

ring

Equ

ipm

ent

Mon

odis

pers

e La

tex

Rea

ctor

C

i~e

ma

36

0 C

amer

a

b,la

nipu

lato

r F

oot R

estr

aint

S

peci

al E

quip

men

t Sto

wag

e A

ssem

bly

Get

away

spe

cial

s:

G-0

03 -

Uta

h S

tate

Urh

3rsi

tylU

nive

rsity

of

Uta

h/

Brig

hton

Hig

h S

C~

OO

~

G-0

04 -

Uta

h S

tate

Uni

vers

'QlA

berd

een

Uni

vers

ity

G-0

51 - G

TE

Lab

orat

orie

s, In

c.

G-3

09 - A

ir F

orce

Spa

ce T

est P

rogr

am

G-3

49 - G

odda

rd S

pace

Flig

ht C

ente

r S

tude

nt e

xper

imen

t: S

E81

-10 -

Effe

cts

of Z

ero-

Gra

vity

on

Arth

ritis

---

-

ST

S 4

1 -C

A

pril

6,1

984

Long

Dur

atio

n E

xpos

ure

Fac

ility

(Cha

lleng

er)

Sol

ar M

ax M

issi

on F

light

8,p

port

Sys

tem

R

adia

tion

Mon

itorin

g E

quip

men

t IM

AX

Cam

era

Car

go B

ay S

tow

age

Ass

embl

y C

inem

a 36

0 C

amer

a S

tude

nt E

xper

imen

t: H

oney

com

b C

onst

ruct

ion

by B

ee C

olon

y

ST

S 4

1 -D

A

ugus

t 30,1

984

SO

S S

atel

lite

(SY

NC

OM

-IV

-2/ L

EA

SA

T)

(Col

umbi

a)

AT

&T

Sat

ellit

e (T

ELS

TA

RIP

AM

-D)

Sat

ellit

e B

usin

ess

Sys

tem

(S

BS

-DIP

AM

-D)

OA

ST

-1

Con

tinuo

us F

low

Ele

ctro

phor

esis

Sys

tem

Ill

IMA

X C

amer

a R

adia

tion

Mon

itor E

xper

imen

t C

loud

s P

hoto

Exp

erim

ent

Stu

dent

exp

erim

ent:

SE

82-1

4 -G

row

th o

f S

ingl

e In

dium

Cry

stal

--

ST

S 4

1 -G

O

ctob

er 5

,1984

OS

TA

-3

(Cha

lleng

er)

Ear

th R

adia

tion

Bud

get S

atel

lite

(ER

BS

) La

rge

For

mat

Cam

era

Otb

ital R

efue

ling

Sys

tem

IM

AX

Cam

era

Rad

iatio

n M

onito

r Exp

erim

ent

Aur

ora

Pho

togr

aphy

Exp

erim

ent

The

nolu

min

esce

nt D

osim

eter

Exp

erim

ent

CA

NE

X (C

anad

ian

Exp

erim

ent)

Get

away

spe

cial

s:

G-0

07 -A

laba

ma

Spa

ce a

nd R

oske

t Cen

ter

G-0

13 - K

ayse

r Tre

de, W

est G

erm

any

G-0

32 - A

sahi

Nat

iona

l Bro

adca

stin

g C

orpo

rat~

on,

Japa

n G

-038

- M

SF

C

G-0

74 -

McD

onne

ll Dou

glas

Com

pany

G

-306

- N

aval

Res

earc

h La

b/A

ir F

orce

G

-469

- G

SF

C

G-5

!8 -

Utah

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

2 S

umm

ary

of S

hu

ttle

Pay

load

s an

d E

xper

imen

ts (c

ontin

ued)

h)

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

ST

S 5

1 -A

N

ovem

ber 8

,1984

Syn

chro

nous

Com

mun

icat

ion

Sat

ellit

e (S

YN

CO

M IV

-I)

Diff

usiv

e M

ixin

g of

Org

anic

Sol

utio

ns

(Dis

cove

ry)

Tel

esat

Can

ada,

Ltd

. Sat

ellit

e (A

NIK

-D2l

PA

M-D

) R

adia

tion

Mon

itorin

g E

xper

imen

t S

atel

lite

Ret

rieva

l Pal

lets

: P

ALA

PA

8-2

W

ES

TA

R-6

ST

S 5

1 -C

Ja

nuar

y 24

, 19

85

DO

D - C

lass

ified

(D

isco

very

)

ST

S 5

1 -D

Apr

il 12

, 198

5 T

eles

at C

anad

a, L

td. S

atel

lite

(AN

IK C

-11P

AM

-D)

Get

away

spe

cial

s:

(Dis

cove

ry)

Syn

chro

nous

Com

mun

icat

ion

Sat

ellit

e (S

YN

CO

M IV

-3)

G-0

35 - A

sahi

Nat

iona

l Bro

adca

stin

g C

orpo

ratio

n,

Am

eric

an F

light

Ele

ctro

card

iogr

aph

Japa

n C

ontin

uous

Flo

w E

lect

roph

ores

is S

yste

m

G-4

71 - G

SF

C

Pha

se P

artit

ioni

ng E

xper

imen

t S

tude

nt e

xper

imen

ts:

Sta

tolit

hs in

Cor

n R

oot C

aps

Effe

ct o

f Wei

ghtle

ssne

ss o

n th

e A

ging

of B

rain

C

ells

ST

S 5

1 -8

A

pril

29,

1985

S

pace

lab

3 (C

halle

nger

) (see "

Sum

mar

y of S

pace

lab

Exp

erim

ents

")

ST

S 5

1 -G

Ju

ne 1

7,1

985

AT

&T

Sat

elite

(M

OR

ELO

S-A

IPA

M-D

) (D

isco

very

) S

audi

Ara

bian

Com

mun

icat

ions

Sat

ellit

e (A

RA

BS

AT

-A/P

AM

-D)

Mex

ican

Com

mun

icat

ions

Sat

ellit

e (T

ELS

TA

R 3

-Dl P

AM

-D)

Shu

ttle

Poi

nted

Aut

onom

ous

Res

earc

h T

ool

for

Ast

rono

my

(SP

AR

TA

N)

Fre

nch

Ech

ocar

diog

raph

Exp

erim

ent

Aut

omat

ed D

irect

iona

l Sol

idifi

catio

n F

urna

ce

Hig

h P

reci

sion

Tra

ckin

g E

xper

imen

t

Get

away

spe

cial

s:

G-0

10 -

Nor

ther

n U

tah

Sat

ellit

e (N

US

AT

) G

-303

-Glo

bal

Low

Orb

iting

Mes

sage

Rel

ay

Sat

ellit

e (G

LOM

R)

Get

away

spe

cial

s:

G-0

07 -A

labam

a S

pace

and

Roc

ket C

ente

r1

Mar

shal

l Am

ateu

r R

adio

Clu

b G

-025

- E

RN

O, W

est G

erm

any

G-0

27 - D

FV

LR, W

est G

erm

any

G-0

28 -

DF

VLR

. Wes

t Ger

man

y G

-034

-Texa

s H

igh

Sch

ool S

t~d

en

ts

G-3

14 - N

atio

nal R

esea

rch

Lab

Su

mm

ary

of S

hu

ttle

Pay

load

s an

d E

xper

imen

ts (c

ontin

ued)

--

-

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Pay

load

s an

d ex

peri

men

ts

ST

S 5

1-F

Ju

ly 2

9,

1985

S

pace

lab

2

Dep

loya

blel

Ret

rieva

ble

Pla

sma

Dia

gnos

tics

Pac

kage

(C

halle

nger

) (s

ee "

Sum

mar

y o

f Spa

cela

b E

xper

imen

ts1>

S

huttl

e A

mat

eur

Rad

io E

xper

imen

t (A

MS

AT

)

ST

S 5

1 -1

Au(

lust

27,

198

5 A

mer

ican

Sat

ellit

e C

ompa

ny (

AS

C-1

/PA

M-D

) S

YN

CO

M IV

-3 R

epai

r Exp

erim

ent

(Dis

cove

ry)

Aus

tral

ian

Com

mun

icat

ions

Sat

ellit

e (A

US

SA

T-1

1PA

M-D

) S

ynch

rono

us C

omm

unity

Sat

ellit

e (S

YN

CO

M IV

-4lP

AM

-D)

Phy

sica

l Vap

or T

rans

porl

of O

rgan

ic S

olid

s E

xper

imen

i

--

--

ST

S 5

1 - J

Oct

ober

3,1

985

DO

D -

Cla

ssifi

ed

ST

S 6

1 -A

O

ctob

er 3

0,1

985

Spa

cela

b D

-1

Glo

bal L

ow O

rbiti

ng M

essa

ge R

elay

Sat

ellit

e (G

LOM

R)

(see

"S

umm

ary

of S

pace

lab

Exp

erim

ents

")

ST

S 6

1 -B

Nov

embe

r 26,

198

5 M

exic

an C

omm

unic

atio

ns S

atel

lite

(MO

RE

LOS

IPA

M-D

) C

ontin

uous

Flo

w E

lect

roph

ores

is S

yste

m

(Atla

ntis

) A

ustr

alia

n C

omm

unic

atio

ns S

ate

llle

(AU

SS

AT

-ZP

AM

-D)

Diff

usiv

e M

ixin

g of

Org

anic

Sol

utio

ns

RC

A S

atel

lite

(SA

TC

OM

KU

-2/P

AM

-D)

MO

RE

LOS

Pay

load

Spe

cial

ist E

xper

imen

ts

Exp

erim

ent A

ssem

bly

of S

truc

ture

s in

Ext

rave

hicu

lar

Get

away

spe

cial

: A

ctiv

ity (

EA

SE

) G

-479

- T

eles

at C

anad

a, L

td.

Ass

embl

y C

once

pt fo

r C

onst

ruct

ion

of E

rect

able

S

pace

Str

uctu

res

(AC

CE

SS

) lM

AX

Car

go B

ay C

amer

a

5 S

umm

ary

of S

hutt

le P

aylo

ads

and

Exp

erim

ents

(con

tinue

d)

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

ST

S 6

1 -C

Ja

nuar

y 12

, 19

86

RC

A S

atel

lite

(SA

TC

OM

KU

-IIF

'AM

-D2)

G

etaw

ay s

peci

als:

(C

olum

bia)

M

ater

ials

Sci

ence

Lab

orat

ory

G-0

07 - A

laba

ma

Spa

ce a

nd R

ocke

t Cen

ter1

H

itchh

iker

G-1

M

arsh

all A

mat

eur

Rad

io C

lub

Env

ironm

enta

l Mon

itorin

g P

acka

ge

G-0

62 - P

enns

ylva

nia

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

1 H

andh

eld

Pro

tein

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

Exp

erim

ent

Gen

eral

Ele

ctric

In

frar

ed Im

agin

g E

xper

imen

t G

-310

- U

SA

F A

cade

my

Initi

al F

llood

Sto

rage

Exp

erim

ent

G-3

32 - B

ooke

r T. W

ashi

ngto

n S

enio

r Hig

h S

choo

l, C

orne

t Hal

ley

Act

ive

Mon

itorin

g P

rogr

am

Hou

ston

, Tex

as

Stu

dent

exp

erim

ents

: G

-446

- A

ll T

ech

Ass

ocia

tes,

Inc

. S

E82

-19 - M

easu

rem

ent o

f Aux

in L

evel

s G

-449

- S

t. M

ary'

s H

ospi

tal,

Milw

auke

e, W

isco

nsin

an

d S

tarc

h G

rain

s in

Pla

nt R

oots

G

-462

- G

Sl:C

/Joh

ns H

opki

ns U

nive

rsrty

S

EN

-4 - P

rodu

ctio

n of

Pap

er F

iber

in S

pace

G

-463

- G

SFC

(G

AP

) S

EN

-6 - A

rgon

lr~

ject

ion

as a

n A

ltern

ativ

e G

-464

- G

SF

CIU

nive

rsity

of C

alifo

rnia

at B

erke

ley

to H

oney

com

bing

G

-470

- G

SFC

1U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f Agr

icul

ture

G

-481

- V

ertic

al H

oriz

ons

G-4

94 - N

atio

nal R

esea

rch

Cou

ncil o

f Can

ada

ST

S 5

1 -L

Janu

ary

28,1

986

Tra

ckin

g an

d D

ata

Rel

ay S

cite

liie

(TD

RS

-BIIU

S)

Stu

dent

exp

erim

ents

: (C

halle

nger

) C

omet

Hal

ley

Act

ive

Mon

itorin

g P

rogr

am

SE

82-4

- E

ffect

s of

Wei

ghtle

ssne

ss o

n G

rain

S

parta

n-20

31 Hal

ley

For

mat

ion

and

Stre

ngth

in M

etal

s F

luid

Dyn

amic

s E

xper

imen

t S

EW

-5 - U

tiliz

ing

a S

emip

erm

eabl

e M

embr

ane

Pha

se P

artit

ioni

ng E

xper

imen

t to

Dire

ct C

ryst

al G

row

th in

Zer

o-G

ravi

ty

Tea

cher

in S

pace

Pro

ject

S

E82

-9 - C

hick

en E

mbr

yo D

eveb

pmen

t in S

pace

ST

S-2

6 S

epte

mbe

r 29,

198

8 O

AS

IS-1

ls

oele

ctric

Foc

usin

g E

xper

imen

t (D

isco

very

) T

rack

ing

and

Dat

a R

elay

Sat

ellit

e(T

DR

S-C

:IUS

) P

hase

Par

titio

nii:g

Exp

erim

ent

Aut

omat

ic D

irect

iona

l Sol

idifi

catio

n F

urna

ce

Agg

rega

tion

of R

ed B

lood

Cel

ls

Phy

sica

l Vap

or T

rans

port

of O

rgan

ic S

olid

s M

esos

cale

Lig

htn

i~ig

Exp

erim

ent

Infr

ared

Com

mun

icat

ions

Flig

ht E

xper

imen

t E

arth

-Lim

b R

adia

nce

Exp

erim

ent

Pro

tein

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

Exp

erim

ent

Shu

ttle

Stu

dent

Invo

lvem

ent P

rogr

am E

xper

imen

ts

ST

S-2

7 D

ecem

ber 2

, 19

88

DO

D - C

lass

ified

(A

tlant

is)

Sum

mar

y of

Sh

utt

le P

aylo

ads

and

Exp

erim

ents

(con

tinue

d)

--

- -- -

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Pay

load

s an

d e

xper

imen

ts

ST

S-2

9 M

arch

13,

198

9 T

rack

ing

and

Dat

a R

elil

y S

atel

lite(

TD

RS

-DIIU

S)

Get

away

spe

cial

s:

(Dis

cove

ry)

Air

For

ce M

aui O

ptic

al S

ite C

alib

ratio

n T

est

SS

lP 8

2-8

-Chic

ken E

mbr

yo D

evel

opm

ent

Spa

ce S

tatio

n H

eat P

ipe

Adv

ance

d R

adia

tor

SS

lP 8

2-9 - E

ffect

of W

eigh

tless

ness

of

Bon

es

Ele

men

t (S

HA

RE

) O

rtho

pedi

c H

ospi

taM

lJS

C

Orb

iter e

xper

imen

ts A

uton

omou

s S

uppo

rtin

g In

stru

men

tatio

n S

yste

m (O

AS

IS-1

) P

rote

in C

ryst

al G

row

th - U

nive

rsity

of A

laba

ma

Chr

omos

ome

and

Pla

nt C

ell D

ivis

ion

in S

pace

IM

AX

Cam

era -

IMA

X o

f Can

ada

ST

SdO

M

ay 4

,1989

Mag

ella

nllU

S

(Atla

ntis

) F

luid

s E

xper

ienc

e A

ppar

atus

(F

EA

) M

esos

cale

Lig

htni

ng E

xper

imen

t (M

LE)

Air

For

ce M

aui O

ptic

al S

ite C

alib

ratio

n T

est

-

ST

S-2

8 A

ugus

t 8,

1989

D

OD

- C

lass

ified

(C

olun

lbia

\

ST

S-3

4 O

ctob

er 1

8,1

989

Gsl

ileo

llUS

G

etaw

ay s

peci

al:

(Atla

ntis

) S

huttl

e S

olar

Bac

ksca

tter U

ltrav

iole

t (S

SB

UV

) S

E82

-15

-Ze

ro G

ravi

ty G

row

th o

f Ic

e C

ryst

als

Pol

ymer

Mor

phol

ogy

Grc

vth

Hor

mon

e C

oiic

entr

atio

n an

d D

istr

ibut

ion

in P

la~

ts (GH

CD

) - M

ichi

gan

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

S

enso

r Tec

hnol

ogy

Exp

erim

ent - U

SA

F T

AC

IM

AX

Cam

ers.

M

esos

cale

Lig

htni

ng E

xper

imen

t A

ir F

orce

Mau

i Opt

ical

Sie

Cal

ibra

tion

Tes

t

-

--

S . S

-33

Nov

embe

r 22,

198

9 D

OD

- C

lass

ified

(D

isco

very

)

Sum

mar

y of

Sh

ulil

e P

aylo

ads

and

Exp

erim

ents

(con

tinue

d)

-

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

ST

S-3

2 Ja

nuar

y 9,1

990

Syn

com

I\/

-5

Latit

ude/

Long

itude

Loc

ator

(C

olum

bia)

A

mer

ican

Flig

ht E

choc

ar3i

agra

ph

Mes

osca

le L

ight

ning

Exp

erim

ent

Air

For

ce M

aui O

ptic

al S

itt

Cal

ibra

ticn

Tes

t P

rote

in C

ryst

al G

row

th

Gha

ract

eriz

atio

n of

Neu

rosp

ora

Circ

adia

n F

lhvt

hms

Flu

ids

Exp

erim

ent A

ppar

atus

IM

AX

Cam

era

-

ST

S-3

6 F

ebru

ary

28,

1990

D

OD

- C

lass

ified

(A

tlant

is)

ST

S-3

1 (D

isco

very

) A

pril

24,

1990

H

ubbl

e S

pace

Tel

esco

pe

IMW

Ca

rgo

Bay

Cam

era

Asc

ent P

artic

le M

onito

r A

ir F

orce

Mau

i Opt

ical

Site

Cal

ibra

tion

Tes

t

lnve

st~

gatio

n into

Pol

ymer

Mem

bran

e P

roce

ssin

g P

rote

in C

ryst

al G

row

th

Rad

iatio

n M

onito

ring

Exp

erim

ent

Inve

stig

atio

n of

AR

C a

nd IO

N B

ehav

ior i

n M

icro

grav

lty

ST

S-4

1 O

ctob

er 6

,19

90

U

lyss

esllU

S/P

AM

-S

(Dis

cove

ry)

Shu

ttle

Sol

ar B

acks

catte

r Ultr

avio

let

lnte

lsat

Sol

ar A

rray

Cou

pon

Air

For

ce M

aui O

ptic

al S

ite

Chr

omos

ome

and

Pla

nt C

ell D

ivis

ion

in S

pa;e

V

oice

Com

man

d S

yste

m

Sol

id S

urfa

ce C

cmbu

stio

n E

xper

imen

t In

vest

igat

ion

into

Pol

ymer

Mem

bran

e P

roce

ssin

g P

hysi

olog

ical

Sys

tem

s E

xper

imen

t R

adia

tion

Mon

itor E

xper

imei

~t

ST

S-3

8 N

ovem

ber 1

5, 1

990

DO

D -

Cla

ssifi

ed

(Atla

ntis

)

ST

S-3

5 D

ecem

ber 2

, 19

90

Ast

ro-1

(C

olu

mtia

) A

ir F

orce

Mau

i Opt

ical

Site

U

ltrav

iole

t Ptl

~m

e

Inst

rum

ent

Shu

ttle

Am

ateu

r R

adio

Exp

erim

ent

Sum

mar

y of

Sh

utt

le P

aylo

ads

and

Exp

erim

ents

(con

tinue

d)

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Pay

load

s an

d ex

peri

men

ts

ST

S-3

7 A

pril

5, 1

991

Gam

ma

Ray

Obs

er-,~

ator

y (A

tlant

is)

Cre

w E

quip

men

t Tra

nsla

tion

Aid

A

scen

t P

arlic

le M

onito

r A

ir F

orce

Mau

i Opt

ical

Site

Cal

ibra

tion

Tes

t

Shu

ttle

Am

ateu

r R

adio

Exp

erim

ent

Rad

iatio

n M

onito

r Exp

erim

ent I

li P

rote

in C

ryst

al G

row

th - B

lock

II

ST

S-3

9 A

pril

28,

1991

In

frar

ed B

ackg

roun

d S

igna

ture

Sur

vey

Adv

ance

d Li

quid

Fee

d E

xper

imen

t (D

i~co

very

) S

huttl

e P

alle

t Sat

ellit

e I!

Shu

'tle

Liqu

id F

eed

Exp

erim

ent

Che

mic

al R

elea

se O

bser

vatio

n S

huttl

e K

inet

ic In

frar

ed T

est

Crit

ical

!oni

za!io

n V

eloc

ity

Ultr

a::o

let

Lim

b M

easu

rem

ent

Dat

a S

yste

m E

xper

imen

t A

scen

t P

artic

le M

onito

r

ST

S-4

0 .J

une

5, 1

991

Spa

cela

b Li

fe S

cien

ces

(SLS

- I )

(Col

umbi

a)

(see

"S

umm

ary

of S

pac

elab

Exp

erim

ents

")

Get

away

spe

cial

s:

455 - S

truc

ture

and

Def

ects

in C

ryst

als

507 -

Orb

iter

Sta

bilit

y E

xper

imen

t 486 - S

olde

r E

xper

imen

ts

286 -

Foa

rnad

Met

al S

ampl

es

f 1 -

Sol

id S

tate

Mic

ro A

ccel

erat

or

52 - G

alliu

m A

rsen

ide

Cry

stal

s 10

5 - V

ario

us M

ater

ials

Pro

cess

ing

in M

icro

grav

rty

ST

S-4

3 A

ugus

t 2,1

991

Tra

ckin

g an

d D

ata

Rel

ay S

atel

lite

(TD

RS

-EN

US

) U

ltrav

iole

t Plu

me

Exp

erim

ent

(Atla

ntis

) A

uror

al P

lioto

grap

hy E

xper

imen

t-B

Pro

tein

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

-Ill

O;o

sew

e-in

stru

men

tatio

n T

echn

clog

y A

ssoc

iate

s M

ater

ials

Dis

pers

ion

App

arat

us

(BIM

DA

) In

vest

igat

ions

into

Pol

ymer

Mem

bran

e P

roce

sr'n

g A

ir F

orce

Mau

i Opt

ical

Site

S

pace

Sta

tion

Hea

t Pip

e A

dvan

ced

Rad

iato

r Ele

men

t II (

SH

AR

E 11

) S

huttl

e S

olar

Bac

ksca

tter U

ltrav

iole

t (S

SB

UV

)

J

7

Sum

mar

y of

Sh

utt

le P

aylo

ads

and

Exp

erim

ents

(con

tinue

d)

k F

ligh

t L

aun

ch d

ate

Pay

load

s an

d e

xper

imen

ts

ST

S-4

8 S

epte

mbe

r 12

, 199

1 U

pper

Atm

osph

ere

Res

earc

h S

atel

lite

(UA

RS

) P

rote

in C

ryst

al G

row

th

(Dis

c~ve

ry)

Shu

ttle

Act

;vat

ion

Mon

itor

Mid

-dec

k Zer

o-G

ravi

ty D

ynam

ics

Exp

erim

ent

Rad

iatio

n iv

loni

torin

g E

quip

men

t-Ill

P

hysi

olog

ical

and

Ana

tom

ical

Rod

ent E

xper

imen

t C

osm

ic R

adia

tion

Effe

cts

and

Act

ivat

ion

Mon

itor

lnva

stig

atio

ns in

to P

olym

er M

embr

ane

Pro

cess

ing

Air

For

ce M

aui O

ptic

al S

yste

m

Asc

ent P

artic

le M

onito

r

ST

S-4

4 N

ovem

ber 2

4, 1

991

De

fmse

Sup

port

Pro

gram

(DS

P-I

LS

) U

ltrav

iole

t Plu

me

Exp

erim

ent

(Atla

ntis

) T

erra

Sco

ut

M8

8-I

- M

ilita

ry M

an in

Spa

ce

Shu

ttle

Act

ivat

ior,

L:o

nito

r A

ir F

orse

Mau

l Opt

ical

Site

R

adia

tion

Mon

itorit

ig E

quip

men

t Ill

Inte

rim G

pera

tiona

l Con

tam

inat

ion

Mon

itor

-

--

ST

S-4

2 Ja

nuar

y 22

, 19

92

Inte

rnat

iona

l Mic

rogr

avity

Lab

or:<

;ory

-1

(Dis

cove

ry)

(see

"S

umm

ary o

f Spa

cela

b E

xper

imen

ts")

G

etaw

ay S

peci

als:

F

tude

nt E

xper

imen

t 81 -

9 a

nd S

t~~

de

nt

Exp

erim

ent 83-2

on G

AS

Bea

m A

ssem

bly

ST

S-4

5 M

arch

24,

139

2 A

tmos

pher

io L

abor

ator

y fo

r A

pplic

atio

ns a!:::

Spa

ce T

issu

e LO

SS

-01

(Atla

ntis

) S

cie

nce

-I (

AT

LAS

-1 )

'Jltr

avio

let P

lum

e E

xper

imen

t S

huttl

e S

olar

Bac

ksca

tter U

ltrav

iole

t Ins

trum

ent

Get

away

spec~

als

: (S

SB

UV

) G

-229

- C

loud

Log

ic to

Opt

imiz

e U

se o

f D

efen

se

Rad

iatio

n M

o,iit

orin

g E

quip

men

t-Ill

S

yste

m (C

LOU

D-I

P.)

V

isua

l Fun

ctio

n T

este

r-2

SA

RE

X-I

I

ST

S-4

9

May

7,

1992

IN

TE

LSA

T V

I cap

ture

and

rebo

ost e

quip

men

t A

ssen

.bly

of

Sta

tion

by E

VA

Met

clod

s (A

SE

M)

(End

eavo

ur)

Com

mer

cial

Pro

tein

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

U

!rrav

iole

t Plu

me

Exp

erim

ent

Air

For

ce M

aur O

ptic

al S

ite C

alib

ratio

n

ST

S-5

0 Ju

ns 2

5,19

92

Uni

ted

Sta

te?

Mic

rogr

avity

La

bo

rato

ry-I

(C

olum

bia)

(s

ee 'S

umm

ary

of S

pace

lab

Exp

erim

ents

")

Sum

mar

y of

Sh

utt

le P

aylo

ads

and

Exp

erim

ents

(con

clud

ed)

Flig

ht

Lau

nch

dat

e P

aylo

ads

and

exp

erim

ents

ST

S-4

3 Ju

ly 3

1, 1

992

Eur

ope:

rl R

et;ie

vabl

e C

arrie

r (E

UR

EC

A)

(Atla

ntis

) T

ethe

red

Sat

sllit

e S

yste

m (T

SS

-1)

Eva

luat

ion

of O

xyge

n In

tera

ctio

n w

ith M

ater

ial I

ll/

The

rmal

Ene

rgy

Man

agem

ent P

roce

sses

2A

-3

-- S

TS

-47

Sed

er.ib

er 1

2, 1

992

Spa

cela

b-J

Isra

eli S

pace

Age

ncy

Inve

stig

atio

n ab

out H

orne

ts

(see

"Su

nitn

ary

of S

pace

lab

Exp

erim

ents

'?

Sol

id S

urfa

ce C

ombu

stio

n E

xper

imen

t U

ltrav

iole

t P;u

me

Exp

erim

ent

SA

RE

X ll

G

etaw

ay S

peci

al P

aylo

ads

Sou

rces

: N

ASA

Poc

ket S

tatis

tics,

Janu

ary

1992

JS

C M

issi

on F

light

Car

ds, S

TS

-40

47

1

Z S

pace

lab

Exp

erim

ents

0 --

Spa

cela

b M

issi

on

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Exp

erim

ents

and

exp

erim

enta

l app

arst

us

Spa

cela

b 1

ST

S-9

N

ovem

ber 28, 1983

6

Ast

rono

my

and

phys

ics

4

Atm

osph

eric

phy

sics

2

Ear

th o

bser

vatio

n 16

Life

sci

ence

s 39

Mat

eria

ls s

cien

ces

5 S

pace

pla

sma

phys

ics

1 T

echn

olog

y

Spa

cela

b 3

ST

il-B

Apr

il 29, 1985

Sol

utio

n G

row

th o

f C

ryst

als

in Z

ero

Gra

vi!y

Mo

rcu

r~c Io

dide

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

V

apor

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

Sys

tem

C

ynam

ics

of R

otat

ing

and

Osc

illat

ing

Fre

ed D

rops

G

eoph

ysic

al F

luid

Flo

w C

ell E

xper

imen

t A

tmos

pher

ic T

race

Mol

ecul

e S

pect

rosc

opy

Ver

y W

ide

Fie

ld G

alac

tic C

amer

a A

uror

a O

bser

vatio

n S

tudi

es o

f the

Ion

izat

ion

Sta

tes

of S

olar

and

Gal

actic

Cos

mic

Ray

H

eavy

Nuc

lei

Res

earc

h A

nim

al H

oldi

ng F

acili

ty

Urin

e M

onito

ring

Inve

stig

atio

n A

utog

enic

Fee

dbac

k T

rain

ing

Spa

cela

b 2

S

TS

51 -F

Ju

ly 29, 1935

Dep

loya

blo/

Ret

rieva

ble

Pla

sma

Dia

gnos

tic P

acka

ge

Pla

sma

Dep

letio

n E

xper

imen

ts fo

r Io

nosp

heric

and

Rad

io a

stro

nom

ical

st

udie

s S

mal

l Hel

ium

Coo

led

Infr

ared

Tel

esco

pe

Har

d X

-ray

Imag

ing

of C

lust

er o

f G

alax

ies

and

Oth

er E

xten

ded

X-r

ay

Sou

rces

E

lem

enta

l Com

posi

tion

and

Ene

rgy

Spe

ctra

of

Cos

mic

Ray

Nuc

lei

Sol

ar M

agne

tic a

nd V

eloc

ity F

ield

Mea

sure

men

t Sys

tem

C

oron

al H

eliu

m A

bund

ance

Spa

cela

b E

xper

imen

t H

igh

Res

olut

ion

Tel

esco

pe a

nd S

pect

rogr

aph

Sol

ar U

ltrav

iole

t Spe

ctra

l lrr

adia

nce

Mon

itor

Pro

pert

ies

of S

upa.

fluid

Hel

ium

zer

o-g

Sp

acel

ab E

xper

imen

ts (c

ontin

ued)

Laun

ch d

ate

Exp

erim

ents

and

exp

erim

enta

l app

arat

us

Spa

cela

b 0

-1

ST

S 6

1 -A

O

ctob

er 3

0, 1

985

Wer

ksto

ff La

bor (

fluid

s sc

ienc

e)

Pro

gros

skam

mer

(bub

ble

tran

spor

t med

ia)

ME

DE

A (

mat

eria

ls s

cien

ce)

Bio

wis

sens

chaf

ten

(life

sc~

ence

s)

Ves

tibul

ar s

led

Bio

rack

(lif

e s

cien

ces)

N

AV

EX

(na

viga

tion)

M

EA

(m

ater

ials

scie

nce)

Spa

cela

b Li

fe S

cien

ces

June

5,

1991

6

Bod

y sy

stem

s 6

Car

diov

ascu

lar1

card

iopu

lmon

ary

3 bl

ood

syst

em

6

Mus

culo

skel

etal

3

Neu

rove

stib

ular

1

Imm

une

syst

em

I

Ren

al/e

ndoc

rine

syst

em

Inte

rnat

iona

l S

TS

-42

Mic

rogr

a~Ji

ty

Labors

dry

- I

Janu

ary

22

,19

92

F

luid

Exp

erim

ent S

yste

m

Vap

or C

ryst

al G

row

th S

yste

m

Mer

curic

Iodi

de C

ryst

al G

row

th

Org

anic

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

Exp

erim

ent

Cry

osta

t P

rote

in C

ryst

al G

row

th

Spa

ce A

ccel

erat

ion

Mon

itorin

g S

yste

m

Crit

ical

Poi

nt F

acili

ty

Gra

vita

tiona

l Pla

nt P

hysi

olog

y F

acili

ty

Bio

rack

S

pace

Phy

siol

ogy

Exp

erim

ents

M

icro

grav

ity V

estib

ular

ilnv

estig

atio

na

Bio

stac

k M

enta

l Wor

kloa

d an

d P

erfo

rman

ce E

valu

atio

n R

adia

tion

Mon

itorin

g C

onta

iner

/Doa

irnet

er

Spa

cela

b E

xper

imen

ts (c

oncl

uded

)

--

-

Spa

cela

b M

issi

on

Flig

ht

Laun

ch d

ate

Exp

erim

ents

and

exp

erim

enta

l app

arat

us

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

ST

S-5

0 M

icro

grav

ity

Labo

rato

ry -1

June

25,

1992

Cry

stal

Gro

wth

Fac

ility

D

rop

Phy

sics

Mod

ule

Sur

face

Ten

sion

Driv

en C

onve

stio

n E

xper

imen

t App

arat

us

Glo

vobo

x F

acili

ty

Ast

rocu

lture

E

xten

ded

Dur

atio

n O

rbite

r M

edic

al P

rojs

ct

Gen

eric

Bio

proc

essi

ng A

ppar

atus

Z

eolit

e C

ryst

al G

row

th

Sol

id S

urfa

ce C

ombu

stio

n E

xper

imen

t P

rote

in C

ysta

l Gro

wth

In

vest

igat

ion

into

Pol

ymer

Mem

bran

e P

roce

ssin

g

Spa

cela

b-J

ST

S-4

7 S

epte

rnbs

r 12,

199

2 N

AS

A:

3

Mat

sria

ls s

cien

ce

6

l.;fe

sci

ence

s N

E.SD

A:

22

Mat

eria

ls s

cien

ce

1 1

iiie

sci

ence

s

Astronaut Llsting - Active (As of April 1993)

Name

Akers, Thomas D Allen, Andrew M. Apt, Jerome Bagian, James P. Baker, Ellen S. Baker, Michael A. Blaha, John E. Bluford, Guion S., Jr. Bolden, Charles F.. Jr. Bowersox, Kenneth D. Brown, Curtis L. Jr. Brown, Mark N. Bursch, Daniel W. Cabana, Robert D. Caperon, Kenneth D. Casper, John H. Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. Chiao, Leroy Chilton, Kevin P. Clifford, Michael R.U. Cockrell, Kenneth D. Collins, Eileen M. Covey, Richard 0. Culbertson, Frank L., Jr. Davis, N. Jan Duffy, Brian Dunbar, Bonnie J. Fisher. Anna L. Foale, C. Michael Gemar, Charles D. Gibson, Robert L. Godwin, Linda M. Grabe, Ronald J. Gregory, Frederick D. Gregory, William G. Gutierrez, Sidney M. Halsell, James D. Jr. Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr. Harbaugh, Gregory J. Harris, Bernard A., Jr. Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr. Helms, Susan J. Henricks, Terence T. Hieb, Richard J. Hoffman, Jeffrey A. Ivins, Marsha S.

STS

2 1 2

2 2 2 3 4 3 1 1 2

2 2 2 3

1 1 1

3 1

1 1 3 1 1

2 4 1 3 3

1

1 2

3 1 1 2 3 2

G

Missions

A SL

flown

AIS

Astronaut Listing - Active (concluded) (As of April 1993)

Name Selection Missions flown Year

Jernigan, Tamara E. 1985 Jones, Thomas D. 1990 Lee, Mark C. 1984 Leestma, David C. 1980 Low, G. David 1984 Lucid, Shannon W. 1978 McArthur, William S.; Jr. 1990 McMonagle, Donald R. 1987 Meade, Carl J. 1985 Musgrave, F. Story 1967 Nagel, Steven R. 1978 Newman, James H. 1990 Ochoa, Ellen 1990 Oswald, Stephen S. 1985 Precourt, Charles J. 1990 Readdy, William F. 1987 Reightler, Kenneth S., Jr. 1987 Richards, Richard N. 1980 Ross, Jerry L. 1980 Runco, Mario, Jr. 1987 Searfoss, Richard A. 1990 Seddon, M. Rhea 1978 Sega, Ronald M. 1990 Shepherd, William M. 1 S84 Sherlock, Nancy J. 1990 Shriver, Loten J. 1978 Thagard, Norman E. 1978 Thomas, Donald A. 1990 Thornton, Kathryn C. 1984 Thornton, William E. 1967 Thuot, Pierre, J. 1985

Veach, C. Lacy 1984 Voss, James S. 1987 Voss, Janice E. 1990 Walker, David M. 1978 Walz, Carl E. 1990 Weitz, Paul J. 1966 Wetherbee, James D. 1984 Wilcutt, Terence W. 1990 Wisoff, Peter J. K. 1990 Wolf, David A. 1990 Young, John W. 1962

M G

2

A

2

SL

1

A/S STS

2

2 3 2 3

2 2 4 3

1 2

1 1 3 3 2

2

3

3 4

2 2 2 2 2

3

1 2

2

Astronaut Listing - Former (As of April 1993)

Name Selection Missions flown YMr

Adamson, James C. 19@4 Aldrin, Buzz 1963 Allen, Joseph P., IV 1967 Anders, William A. 1963 Armstrong, Neil A. 1962 Bean, Alan L. 1963 Bobko, Karol J. 1969 Borman, Frank 1962 Brand, Vance D. 1966 Brandenstein, Daniel C. 1978 Bridges, Roy D., Jr. 1980 Buchli, James F. 1978 Bull, John S. 1966 Carpenter, M. ScoQ 1959 Carr, Gerald P. 1966 Cernan, Eugene A. 1963 Chapman, Philip K. 1967 Cleave, Mary L. 1980 Coats, Michael P. 1978 Collins, Michael 1963 Conrad, Charles, Jr. 1962 Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr. 1959 Creighton, Richard 0. 1978 Crippen, Robert L. 1969 Cunningham, Walter 1963 Duke, Charles M., Jr. 1966 England, Anthony W. 1967 Engle, Joe H. 1966 Fabian, John M. 1978 Fisher, William F. 1980 Fullerton, Charles G. 1969 Gardner, Dale A. 1978 Gardner, Guy S. 1980 Garriott, Owen K. 1965 Gibson, Edward G. 1965 Glenn, John H., Jr. 1959 Gordon, Richard F., Jr. 1963 Haise, Fred W., Jr. 1966 Hart, Terry J. 1978 Hauck, Fredrick H. 1978 Hawley, Steven A. 1978 Henize, Karl G. 1967 Hilmers, David C. 1980 Holmquest, Donald L. 1967 Jemison, Mae C. 1987

M

1

1 1

G

1 1

1 1

1 1 2 1

1 1 1

I

PVS

1 1

A

1 1

1

1 2

1 1

STS

2

2

3

1 3 4 1 4

2 3

3 4

1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1

1 3 3 1 4

1

SL

1

1

1 1

1

Astronaut Listing - Former (concluded) (As of April 1993)

Name

Kerwin, Joseph P. Lenoir, William B. Lind, Don L. Llewellyn, John A. Lounge, John M. "Mike" Lousma, Jack R. Lovell, James A., Jr. Mattingly, Thomas K., II McBride, Jon A. McCandless, Bruce I I McCulley, Michael 2. McDivitt, James A. Melnick, Bruce E. Michel, F. Curtis Mitchell, Edgar D. Mullane, Richard M. Nelson, George D. O'Connor, Bryan D. Overrnyer, Robert F. Parker, Robert A. R. Peterson, Donald H. Pogue, William R. Ride, Sally K. Roosa, Stuart A. Schirra, Walter M., Jr. Schmitt, Harrison H. Schweickart, Russell L. Scott, David R. Shaw, Brewsier H., Jr. Shepard, Alan B., Jr. Slayton, Donald K. Spring, Sherwood C. Springer, Robert C. Stafford, Thomas P. Stewart, Robert L. Sullivan, Kathryn D. Truly, Richard H. van Hoften, James D. A. Williams, Donald E. Worden, Alfred M.

ssia - A -

2

1

1

1 1 1 1 2

1

1

1

-

Selection Year

1965 1967 1966 1967 1980 1966 1962 1966 1978 1966 1984 1962 1987 1965 1986 1978 1978 1980 1969 1967 1969 1966 1978 1966 1959 1965 1963 1963 1978 1959 1959 1980 1980 1962 1978 1978 1969 1978 1978 1966

- STS -

1 1

3 1

2 1 2 1

2

3 3 2 2 2 1

2

3

1 2

2 3 2 2 2

- M

1

1

Astronaut Listing - Deceased (As of April 1993 1

Name Selection Missions flown

Key: M = Mercury, G = Gemini; A = Apollo; SL = Skylab, AIS = ApolloISoyuz; STS = Space Shuttle

Sources: Astronaut Fact Book. February, 1992, JSC Astronaut Office.

year

Bassett, Charles A., I1 1963 Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr. 1984 Chaffee, Roger B. 1963

Eisele, Donn F. 1963 Evans, Ronald E. 1966

Freeman, Theodore C. 1963

Givens, Edward G., Jr. 1966 Griggs, S. David 1978 Grissom, Virgil I. 1959

Irwin, James 1966 McNair, Ronald E. 1978

Onizuka, Ellison S. 1978

Resnik, Judith A. 1978 Scobee, Francis R. 1978 See, Elliott M., Jr. 1962 Smith. Michael J. 1980 Swigert, John L., Jr. 1966 Thorne, Stephen D. 1985 White, Edward H., I1 1962 Williams, Clifton C., Jr. 1963

M G

1 1

1

A

1 1

1

1

SL A/S STS

1

1

2

2 2

2

1

Payload Specialist Listing (As of April 1993)

Name Country STS Assignment mission flown

Acton, Loren W. Akbar, Taufik

Al-Bassam, Abdulmohsen Hamad

Al-Saud, Sultan Salman

Bartoe. John-David F.

Baudry, Patrick Belt, Michael E. Bondar, Roberta Lynn Boyle, Tony Brummer, Renate Buckey, Jay C., Jr. Butterworth, L. William Cenker, Robert J.

Chappell, Charles R. Chretien, Jean-Loup Crouch, Roger K. Cunningham, Stephen L. Doi, Takao DeLucas, Lawrence J. Durrance, Samuel T. Favier, Jean-Jacques Fettman, Martin J. Frimout, Dirk D. Farrimond, Richard A. Furrer, Reinhard

Gaffney, F. Andrew Garn, Jake Garneau, Marc Guidoni, Umberto Hennen, Thomas J. Hughes-Fulford, Millie Jarvis, Gregory B. Koszelak, Stanley N. Lampton, Michael L. Lichtenberg, Byron K. Malerba, Francis McAuliffe, S. Christa MacLean, Steven G. Merbold, Ulf Messerschmid, Ernst

USA Indonesia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

USA

France USA Canada England Germany USA USA USA

USA Frarice USA USA Japan USA USA France USA USA Royal Army West Germany

USA USA Canada Italy USA USA USA USA USA USA '+a1 y USA Canada West Germany West Germany

51 -F Alternate

Alternate

Alternate 61 -C

Alternate

Alternate 61 -A

Spacelab 2 Experiments Indonesian Space

Experiments Arabsat Telecommunications

Satellite Arabsat T ?lecommunications

Satelli e Spacelab Solar

Exper .;r,ents B iomedi~~l experimznts Terra-Scoi ~t IML-1 f

i

Spacelab !ID-2 SLS-2 j RCA ~ a t c i ~ m Ku-Band-1

~atell{:e

1, S

IML-1 j Syncom ti/ Spacelab i J USML-1

I Astro-1 , IML-2 j SLS-2 Atlas-1

I Materials !Science

Experr ments SLS-1 j Observer1 Canadian' Experiments TSS-1 ' Terra-Scc ut SLS-1 ,

Fluid ~ynl;,nics Experiment spacelab: J Atlas-1 1

Atlas-1 1 TSS-1 ~eacher- i iq-~~ace Project CANEX-::

i Materialsf Science

Expe:iments

Payload Specialist Listing (concluded) (As of Aprii 1993)

Name Country STS Assignment mission flown

Money, Kenneth Mohri, Mamoru Mukai, Chiaki Nelson, Bill Neri Vela. Rodolfo

Nicollier, Claude

Nordsieck, Kenneth H. Ockels, Wubbo J. Pailes, William A. Parise, Ronald A. Payton, Gary E. Peralta y Fabi, Ricardo Phillips, Robert 'Ward Prahl, Joseph M. Prinz, Dianne K. Sacco, Albert, Jr Schlegel, Hans Scully-Power, Paul Desmond Thiele, Gerhard Tnirsk, Robert Brent Trinh, Eugene H. Tryggvason, Bjarni van den Berg, Lodewijk Walker, Charles David

Walter, Ulrich Wang, Taylor G. Williams, Bill Alvln Wood, Nigel Wood, Robert Jackson

Young, Laurence

Canada Japan Japan USA Mexico

France

USA Netherlands USA USA USA Mexico USA USA USA USA Germany USA Germany Canada USA Canada USA USA

Germany USA USA England USA

USA

Alternate 61 -A 51 -J 35 51 -C

Alternate

Alternate

Alternate Alternate

Alternate

Spaceiab-J IML-2 Observer Human Physiology

Experiments Human Physiology

Experiments Astro-1 Spacelab D-1 Experiments DOD Astro-1 DOD

SLS-1 USML-1 Spacelab 2 Experiments USML-1 Spacelab D-2 Oceanography Experiments Spacelab D, 2

USML-1 CANEX-2 Spacelab 3 Experiments Continuous Flow

Electrophoresis System Spacelab D-2 Spacelab 3 Experiments

Continuous Flow Electrophores~s System

SLS-2

Source Astronaut Office

V. Organizational Structure

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V. Organizational Structure

FUNCTIONS OF STAFF OFFICES

Comptroller

The Onice of the Comptroller is the JSC focal point for financial planning and execution. The Office is responsible for the design and implementation of financ~al systems required for proper data collection and reporting and ensuring that Center-level ficancial and resource decisions are implementeo. The Gffice reviews, approves, and ixp!ernents financial policies a l d systems and integrates the planning, implementation, management, and control of all resources for which JSC is responsible. It provides the centralized policy framewc, K for JSC resources, business management, and financial management activities. It also provides directorate-level business management offices that provide business-related expertise to technical orgacizations in the accomplishment of assigned technical tasks.

Equal Opportunity Programs

The Equd Oprtunity Programs Office is responsible for planning, directing, and administering all Federal Eq-ral Opportunity Programs relating to JSC emplcyees, as well as cer t~ 1 aspects of contractc;: cqmpliance programs relating to JSC Entrhcts.

Human R3scurces

The human fldsources CIffise is -asponsible for planning, delreloping, and operating a personnel program designed to provide, develop, and main- tain a qualified and motivated workforce. Specific~.~y, it provides persnnnel advisory service to JSC managers; manages the civil service work,orce system; develops and administers personnel mansgement programs in areas of pay management and classification, employee utilization, selestidn and placement, employoe relations, awards, emplcyeu development, and Government employee IaboVmanagement relations; and manages activities of the NASi\ Exchcnbe at JSC. The Human Resources Office plans, develops, aiid implements JSC's training

and employmerit programs in support of the Center's equal opportunity yoals and objectives.

Legal

The Legal Office provides in-depth legal support to the Ce~ter's activities, including satellite installations and offices. Functions inc!ude providing ethics counseling and general legal services, participating in procurement activities, and providing advice and services in matters concerning intsl- lectual property; administering the NASA Patent Program; providing advice and assistance to the Director and to JSC organizational compovents in planning, directing, and conducting Center activities which may :ave legal implications; identifying direct and indirect sources of legal authority to support necessary ac1:~ns; conducting legal research and maintaining a law library; aiding in the development of new administrative techniques and identification of alternatives for the resolution af managerial problems within the framework of law, program schedules, and NASA administrative practices; and se~ving as the JSC primary point of contact on litigation and other legal matters within or beyond the Cs13iei.

Public Affairs

The Public Affairs Oific, is responsible for planning, directing, organizing, and coordinating all public affa4s activities within JSC and providing advice and assistance to the Center Director and JSC organizaticns in all public affairs matters. General functions include preparing p l a ~ s and programs and formulating policy for the dissemination of public information including general, technical, ind~strial, and educational materials and services. The Public Affairs Office also eval- uates and advises the Center Director concerning the public impact of all JSC.'NASA programs and develops a comprehensive program of public ser- vicp and information to provid 'be widest practi- ca;.; and appropriate disseminbtion of informa- 'io! . ,~ceming JSC/NASA activities.

Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance

The Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance Office is responsible for the development and implementation of the overall safety, reliability, and quality assurance activities for JSC e .3pt in the specifically excll~ded areas of aviation safety and reliability and quality assurance operations in support of the Flight Crew Operations Directorate ;t Ellington Field, and environmental hoalth, including radiologica: safety, in support of the Space and Life Sciences Directorate. It establish- es policy, requirements, and criteria; ensures appropriate contractual implementation pertaining to these disciplines with the objectives of minimiz- ing risks to avoid loss of life, injury of personnel, and loss of property to the maximum practical extent; and ensures that equipment meets established quality and reliability levels.

FUNCTIONS OF DIRECTORATES

Administration

The Administration Directorate is responsible for providing business management for JSC as an institution and, individually, for the various programlproject offices and directorates. The functions are procurement, including planning, solicitation, selection, contract award, and contract management and its administration; program control, including integrated planning, scheduling, resources management, contract engineering, and performance assessment; and management analysis.

Flight Crew Operations The Flight Crew Operations Directorate is responsible for the overall planning, direction, and management of flight crew operations and the JSC airci :.it program dctivities. These responsibilities include selecting and rraining astronaut candidates; determining flight crew training and simulation requirements; recommending specific flight crew assignments; training and certifying payload spe- cialists; providing flight crew external relations; participating in the development of integrated spacecraft flight crew plans and procedures; supporting the test and ch~ckout of space vb ... Jes; and contributing to the development, acquisition, maintenance, and safe operatic.^ of the training, administrative, and research support aircraft and supporting equipment and facilities at JSC.

Mission Operations The Mission Operations Directorate plans, directs, manages. and implemzn:~ overall mission operations for the Space Shuttle and Space Station prc,- grams; provides flight controller and fligl~; clew training simulations; and designs, upgrades, maintains, and operates the Mission Control Center, the Space Station Control Center, mission simulators, ano other major support facilities. Responsibilities include developing integrated flight crew and flight control plans dnd procedures; establishing requirements for simulation and flight control ground instrumentaticn; flight design; configuring Orbiter flight software; contributing to the development and integration of spacecraft and payload support systems; providing and directing real-time mission operations elements to support and control manned missions; and providing integrated concept development and requirements for Space Station Freedom assembly, operations management, systenls and software analysis.

Engineering The Engineering Directorate is responsible for providing engineering design, development, and test support for space flight programs &signed to JSC, such as the Space Shuttle, Space Station, and advanced spacecraft. The Directorate is organized into functional divisions, and support to the spacecraft programlproject offices is provided by technical expertise from within the divisions. Disciplines within the Engineering Directorate include guidance, navigation, and control; electrical power gen- eration, storage and distrihtion; all other avionic systems i~cluding data management, display and control, and instrumentation; telemetry and communications; structures and materials; thermal protection and thermal control; mechanical systems; robotics and advanced automation systems; propulsion, fluid management, and pyrotechnics; life support; spacesuits and extravehicular equip ment; aerodynamics, aerothermodynamics, and aeroelasticity; flight software; and overall systems engineering and simulation. in addition, the Directorate maintains expertise in test facilities and mmputarional complexes supporting the above disciplines.

Information Systems Directorate

The Information Systems Directorate (ISD) is responsible for implementing consistent institutioral information services across the Johnson Space Center. This directorate, in conjunction with the

Information Resources Management (IRM) sizeable deployment areas. WSTF also conducts Council, forms the backbone of aur lonq-range Shuttle landinglapproach training aircraft opera- strategy for networks and information svstems at tions, manages the alternate Orbiter landing site the Center. The ISD specifically is charged with at White Sands Space Harbor, and provides JSC digital networks and telecommunications, ranse ccardination and onsite management for computer services, workstation support and selected NASA proyrams at White Sands Missile training, oer?ric software development and tech- Range and Holloman Air Force Base. Zl nology, and leadership and support of tne IRhr1 Council.

Center Operations

The primary rde of the Center Operations Direc- torate is ensuring the availability of facil~ties and services necessary fcr the operaticn of the JSC. In fulfilling this role, the Directorate is responsible for providing and attending to the requirements of the JSC physica! plant; managing the JSC facility mairtenance and construction program: managing space flight research and history activities; and providing a wide range of basic institutional servrices to all Center organizations, including logistics, utilities, security, data management, photography, flight article fabrication, and printing.

Space and Life Sciences

The Space and Life Sciences Directorate (S&LSG) is rssponsible for the management acd conduct of a broad range of applied and basic scientific research, related ground and flight experiments, and flight crew interfacing hardwaie and systems. Specific activities include the planning and imple mentaiion of programs/projects in human lite sciences, human life sciences flight experiments, medical owrations and health care, lunar and planetary geology, earth sciences, space science, advanced data acquisition and handling technology, and spacecraft and systems design related to flight crew habi!ability and productivity. Responsi- bilities also include ?he dissemination of new scientific Sndings and interfacing with the external scientific discipline users and orgaiizations.

White Sands Test Facility

White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) is responsible for management, administratio., engineering, technical support, and operations in support of development, qualification, and limits testing of spacecraft propulsion and power systems and components, and screefiing, compatibi!ity, and certification testing of spacecraft-related materials, components, and subassemblies exposed to hazardous elements requiring .smote locatior.; or

VI. Real Estate/Physical Location

VI. Real EstateIPhysical Location

GENERAL LOCATION an extensive tunnel system occupy the 1581 -acre site. In addition, there are 37 acres at Ellington

The B' 'pace Certer is located Field located approximately 5 miles noah of the approximately 25 miles southeast of downtown Houston. The site is 12 to 21 feet above mean

Center on State Highway 3 (see maps).

sea level. One hundred forty-two buildings and

Miscellaneous General Information (As of September 1992)

Acres of built-up roof

Water storage on site, gallons

Sanitary sewer system, miles

Maximum power, substation capacity, ki!owatts

Normal on-peak power load, kilowatts

Electrical power distribution,voltage

Transformers in power distribution

Emergency water wells on site

AIC capacity, tons approximately (normal)

AIC capacib, tons approximately (emergency)

Elevators

Groundwater monitoring wells

Steam generating capacity, pounds per hour

Overhead cranes and hoists

Closed circuit TV sets

Video conference facilities

Items of i~lanufacturing equipment

Personal computers

Acres of manufacturing floor space

Technical library entries, loc21

Pages of printing produced annually

Pieces of mail handled annually

Source: Technical Operatinns Off1celJD4.

JSC Real Estate Statistics (As of September 1992)

Real property

Size Buildings Space Lease Streets Parking Elevation Book value

Acres Number Square feet Square feet Miles Spaces Avg. + MSL Acquired cost

Utilities

Electricity Natural gas Water Telephones

Kilowatt-hours 21 3M $9.OM Cubic feet 400M $1.2M Gallons 290M $0.14M Number of calls 232.5M $6.1 M

Source: Techn~cal Operat~ons OfficelJD4

Capital Investment (As of September 1992)

JSC WSTF

Land (capitaliza1;on value) $7.3M (Permitted) Buildings, str~ctures, and utilities $299M $45.4M

(acquisition value) Equipment $428.541 M (Contractor)

Subtotal $729.8M $45.4M

Equipment, etc., on contractors' accounts $21 5.3M $26.7M

Subtotal $945.1 M $7234 - Total $1 01 7.4M

Sources: Technical Operabons OfficeIJD4.

Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center

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Ellington Field Statistics (As of September 1992)

Real property JSC-owned JSC buildings Building space Parking Acquired book value

Acres Number Square feet Spaces Acquired cost

Runway and JSC aircraft Maximum runway Feet 10k 4;rcraft aprm Trainers STA 1 est

Executive

Acres T-38 G2-MOD KC-1 35 WB-57F (1 leased from USAF) G-159 G-2

Utilities Electricity Waterlsewage Gas

Source: Techn~cal Operabons OfficeIJD4.

Ellington Field

White Sands Test Facility Statistics (As of September 1992)

Real property Size Buildings Space Total runways (2) Test stands

Book value

Acres 60,635 Number Square feet Miles Ambient Vacuum Acquired cost

Personal property $42M

Personnel Civil service Contractor Other (TDRSS support)

Utilities Electricity Kilowatt-'lours 10.8M $719k Natural gas Cubic f ~ e t 18.9M $720k Water Onsite pump

Special systems Alcohol storage Gallons 70k LOX storage Gerlons I l l k LN, storage Gallons 45k Helium storage Cubic feet 130k

Source: Technical Operations OfficeND4.

White Sands Test Facility

Government-Owned Contractor Facilities (As of September 1992)

NASA Industrial Plant - Downey

Real property Size Buildings Space Book value

Utilities Electricity Natural gas

Acres Number Square feet Acquired cost

Kilov~htt-hours 103M $7.9M Cubic feet 182M $865k

Air Force Plant No. 42 - Palmdale

Real property Size Buildings Space Book value

Acres Number Square feet Acquired cost

Source: Technical Operations OfficelJD4

JSC Net Usable Building Space (As of September 1992)

Storage 13.2% (343)

Shoplindustrial 9.6% (248)

Miscellaneous 9.6% (250)

Conference 3.5% (93)

Laboratory 14.2% (266)

(thousands of square feat)

So~~rce: Te-hqical Operations Officei.JD4.

Age and Square Footage of Buildings at JSC (As of September 1992)

10 - 20 years 6% 187,328

Over ; - years 84% 2,884,188

Total: 3,540,658 gross square feet

Source: Technical Operations OfficeND4.

Ellington Not Usable Building Space (As of Seplelnber 1992)

Office 16.96% (37)

Technical 2.2% (5)

Storage 25.6% (56)

(thousands of square teet)

- Laboratory 1.3% (3)

Source: Technical Ope ltions Cq:ce/JW

Facilities Activity st JSC

Approved construction

Addition for flight training and operations (Phase II) Modifications for Space Station Training Facility Replace central plant chillers (Phase II) Rehabilitate Tracking 8 Data Relay, WSTF

Programmed construction

Rehabilitate Aircraft Operaticns Facilities Replace central plant chilled water (Phase II) Modificaticlils for Site Sewage Lift Station Modify Test Stand 302, WSTF

Source: Techn~cal Operations Office/JD4.

VI I. Training and Test Facilities!

VII. Training and Test Facilities1 Laboratories IAir~raft

ASTRONAUT TRAINING SIMULATORS

Single System Trainer (Building 4)

The Single System Trainer consists of three Orbiter crew stations interfaced to a minicom- puter. It is used to train peraonne! to understand and operate the Orbiter systems - one system at a time - as well as carriers such as the Spacelab, inertial upper stage, and payload assist module.

Spacelab Simulator (Building 5 )

The Spacelab Simulator consists of a full-scale, high-fidelity Spacelab core with an experiment module segment, subsystem racks, controls and displays, scientific airlock. and viewport. It does not include the tunnel area or any experiments. The trainer simulates activation, operation, and deactivation of the command and data manage ment system, caution and warning system, envi- ronmenr. system with malfunction analyr s, power and thermal management system, and the scientific airlock/viewport. During ~ntegrated training, thd flight control team, the Payload Operations Control Center, and the Mission Control Center participate in the training sessions.

Shuttle Mission Simulator (Building 5)

The Shuttle Mission Simulator supports flight crew and flight controller training for all facets of the Shuttle vehicle operations and in all systems tasks associated with the major fligh; phases. The Shuttle Mission Simulator facility consists of both a moving and fixed based station, instruc- torloperator stations, visual displays of window and camera views, large-scale data processing complex, signal interface equipment, arld a network simulation system for i~tegrated training with the Mission Control Center. The fixed base station is preferred for on-orbit activities. The motion base station has nydralr!ic equipment which ailows the station to move with six degrees of freedom, making it the preferred simulator for

ascent and entry practice. The simulator is used for full-scale rehearsals of flights including ascent, orbit activities, malfunctions, and entry. It also provides inertial upper stage modeling, remote manipulator system visual training, and a general payload model for conducting payload operations training.

CREW SYSTEMS LABORATORY (Building 7)

11-foot Altitude Chamber

The 11-foot Altitude Chamber provides flight environment pressures for the trainfng of flight crews in the operation of the extravehicular mobility unit.

Environmental Control and Life Support System Test Article

This test article was primarily used to evaluate and certify the Orbiter pressure control system, and now provides training for flight crews in pre- and post- extravehicular activity including airlcck depressurization and repressurization. The facility internally represents the Orbiter crew cabin and is used in conjunction with other JSC altitude chambers to simulate a space environment.

SPACE SHlJlTLE ORBITER TRAINING FACILITY (Building 9A)

Orbiter Crew C~mpartment Trainer

The Orbitsr Crew Compartment Trainer is a full- scale mockup of the Orbiter flight deck, middeck, and midbody with operational systems such as waste management, lighting, galley, sleep stations, and the airlWextravehicular mob~lity ini it used for emergencyisafety training. During training sessions, the crewmember operates the closed-circuit television, cameras, lighting, food preparation equipment, waste management system, medical equipment, and portable 0,; den

systems. The trainer can be turned 90" to simu- I ~ t e launch and the airlock mockup allows for extravehicular activity training.

Manipulator Development Facility

The Manipulator Development Facility includes a full-scale aft crew station and ti full-scale model of the remote man~pulator system. Crewmembers get training in payload grappling, berthing, payload bay camera operation, visual operations, and Orbiter manipirlaior arm software operations.

SPACE STATION MOCKUP AND TRAINER FACILITY (Building 9B)

The Space Station Mockup and Trainer Facility contains a full-scale mockup of the modules and nodes that will comprise Space Station Freedom. The mockup will contain the crew habitation quar- ters, the laboratory, the Japanese and European Space Agency modules, a logistics molu!e that will house surplus food and equipment, and a crew escape and return vehicle. Four connecting resource nodes will serve as airlocks between docking vessels and the modules in addition to housing cormano dnd control equipment. Crews wiil begin trzining In the mockups 2 years before NASA !aunches the first flight carryiilg spzice station materials.

SPACE SYSTEMS AUTOMATED INTEGRATION AND ASSEMBLY FAClLlN (B~ilciing 9C)

1.ie Spese Systems Automated integration and Assembly Facility (SSAIAF) is a large-scale, closed-loop dynamic test laboratory which has application to spacecraft docking and berthing, assembly, and maintenance. A key step in developing realistic space assembly and maintenance processes is the mechanical valuation of tat!; criteria in a ground-based, high-fidelity simulation envirolrment that treats the co,.ipo~ent articles as a combined system. SSAIAF was designed to be thz major facility used by Automat~on and Robotics Division to carry out its verification responsibility for manipulatorlrobotic assembly and maintenance on Space Station. SSAIAF will integrate interfacing hardware (such as a docking

mechar'm, a berthing mechanism, or Q-guides and trunnions) with real-time computer simulations of Space Station and Shuttle manipulators/robots.

STRUCTURES TEST LABORATORY (Building 13)

The 13,000-square foot Structures Test Laboratory is used for material property testing of metallic and nonmetallic materials at ambient, thermal, and/or vacuum conditions. Industrial load test frames and test systems can test specimens with tensile loading up to 600,000 pounds as well as compressive loading up to 800,003 pounds. A 12-channel load-con?rol system is available for applying test loads to structural test articles which may be mounted to a rigid steel strongback with "T" slot faces and to wide flange steel beams embedded in the floor of the lab. Test data can be continuously recorded for 256 channels at a rate of 10 samples per second. Two overhead cranes and a forklift truck are available for facilitating the handling of test articles and test fixtures.

DYNAMIC DOCKING TEST SYSTEM (Build~ng 13)

The Dynamic Docking Test System is a Izrge- motion, real-time docking simulator for full-scale testing of advanced docking systems in a zero-g environment. It was designed to physically accommodate the actual docking hardware of two spacecraft. Cocking temperatures are also simulated. The test system provides a base that can be used to simulate differen? types of motion. Present plans involve using this base to simulate the dynamics that a robotic device would expri- ence while performing tasks in space such as space station assembly.

ANECHOIC CHAMBER (Building 14)

The Anechoic Chamber is used for making antenna pattern measurements in support of the Shuttls and other manned space flight programs. it was designed as a modified, flared, wavalength b ~ r n of all-metal construction with a radio frequency absorbing material on the inner surfaces of tha shield~d initial surfaces area. The t e s t i ~ i

area is 39 foei high, 60 feet long, and 40 feet wide and contains approximately 2500 square feet. A near field radiation pattern measuring facility allows for a scanning plot of nearly 40 feet by 40 feet, a capability required for advanced antenna system development.

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SIMULATOR LABORATORY (Building 16)

The Systems Engineering Simulator consists of three simulator bases used to perform engineering design studies with a man-in-the-loop configuration supporting both Shuttle and Space Station programs.

The Shuttle ascentlabort simulates powered atmospheric flight from lift-off through tank separation. Shuttle entry simulates unpowered atmospheric flight starting either at the entry interface or after tank separation in the case of aborts and ending after the Orbiter brakes to a stop on a rbn- way. In the 917-orbit configuration, simulat;ons with the remote manipulator system, o:bital maneuvering vehicle, manned maneuveri~g unl!, and various payloads are performed in ahi Earth orbit environment. An Orbiter forward flight !esk is used for the ascentfabort and entry simulations. An Orbital aft flight deck, a manned maneuvering crew station, and a space statiorl cupola are used for the on-orbit simulations.

SHUlTLE AVIONICS INTEGRATION LABORATORY (Building 16)

Built in 1974, the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) is the centra! test facility where integrated open-loop and closed-loop verification tests of Shuttle avionics systems with flight software, flight procedures, ground support equipment, and payload interfaces are done prior to actual space flight, allob,,ig engineers to detect problems end deficiencies early in the preflight test phase. The flight system consists of a full set of Shuttle avionics hardware including a cockpit with forward and aft stations and flight-type wiring. Propulsion systems and aerodynamic control systems are simulated to compute forces, moments, fuel consumption, and associated mass and inertial changes.

JSC AVIONICS ENGINEERING LABORATnSY (Buildingl6)

The JSC Avionics Engineering Laboratory (JAEL) is an engineering laboratory which performs development and validation testing on new Orbiter avicnics equipment being introduced into the program to replace obsolete technologies. JAEL activities are designed to perform extreme- ly detailed testing of the hardware and software under a variety of conditions, constantly moni- tored by soecial test equipment to ensure that the cornbiped hardware and software meet at! rer~uirernents. One of the primary require- mentslutilization of JAEL is testicg of breadboard and prototype upgraded avionics hardware in an engineering environmartt conducive to rapid idcm- tification/correction of design anomalies. Another primary requiremen'Jutilization oi JAEL is the engineering analysis of potential software changes on flight control systen~ performance uti- lizing closed-loop capability. JAEL is also used for development testing of prototype flight software requiring actual hardware ~nterfaces.

SPACE FLIGHT FOOD FACILITY (Building 17)

The Space Flight Food Facility provides for the preparation and packaging of all space flight food. It has the capabilities to prepare and freeze-dry foods, package foods under nitrogen for long-term storage, fabricate custom-molded flight food containers, package foods for space flight in a contro!led environment, and provide long-term controlled environment storage for pre- pared foods.

ROBOTlCS LABORATORY (Building 17)

The Robotics Laboratory is designed to investigate the integrai~on sf robot hardware, computer vision systems, speech understanding systems, and high-level reasoning software in the areas of task planning and spatial reasoning as applied to the automation of space station functions. These facilities have been used to develop dem- onstrations of on.;-arm and two-arm robots performing automated satellite servicing.

WEIGHTLESS ENVIRONMENT TRAINING FACILITY (Building 29)

The Weightless Environmwt Training Facility cofltains a 30-foot wide by 78-foot long by 25-foot deep pool which provides a controlled neutral buoyancy in water to simulate a zero-g environment. It provides crew training in the dynamics of body motion under weightless conditions during the performance of planned crew activities. A full- scale mockup of the Orbiter cabin middeck, airlock, and payload bay doors can be submerged in the pcol. This configuration allows for training in ernergency/survival techniques, hardware famil- iarization, airlock operation, and extravehicular activities in zero-a.

MISSION CONTROL CENTER (Building 30)

Since Gemini IV in 1965, the Mission Control Center (MCC) has provided real-time ground support for all of America's manned space flights. From the time the '-71nch vehicle clears the tower until the time the ~cecraft lands, the MCC provides support for ~r-to-ground voice communications, spacecraft i 3lemetry monitoring, medical monitoring, in-fligk maneuvering and navigation activities plus sur ,port for onboard experiments and other space ~ght operations. The facility also provides a real!: ,IC environment in which to train flight operations personnel in performing Shuttle flight control functions and preparation for Space Station Freedom mission operations. !n case of an emergency and control center shutdown, a backup facility at White Sands Test Facility can be activat- ed and support a flight to its conclusion.

The MCC occ~~pies all three floors of building 30 with the first floor dedicated to communications and computer equipment. Twenty to thirty flight controllers monitor mission compand and control consoles in one of the two flight control rooms, but are supported by a large complement of engineers and other flight controllers who provide syport from display consoles in numerous rooms throughout the building. Both control rooms can be used for mission operations. Operating in conjunction with the flight control rooms are Pay!aad Operations Control Centers from which owners of payloads or experiments canied in the cargo bay of the Orbiter can monitor and control their payloads.

MISSION EVALUATION ROOM (Building 30)

The Mission Evaluation Rwm (MER) is designed to accommodate the Space Shuttle Mission Evaluation Team during the general mission peri- od from T-2 days through landing plus 4 days. The mission evaluation team provides preflight, real- time, and postflight engineering analysis for each mission. The team supports the prelaunch, turnaround, and integrated test activities at Kennedy Space Center and the flight operations and postflight dvaluation at JSC. The mission evaluation team serves as the real-time interface between technical management in the MER and the flight control team in the Mission Control Cen!er. The MER is the centralized location of the engineering community during a mission and ql kk ly provides engineering expertise and consol- idated analyses for in-flight checkout and evaluation of all vehicle subsystems. The facility provides work space, furnishings, and data for approximately 150 personnel in the areas of subsystem evaluation, administrative support, and data processing.

T ~ F MER is located In the third floor iobby wing of Building 30 and consists of four separate work areas. The MER is the prime mission evaluation team work area and provides necessary equipment and facilities for the mission evaluation team to function. The roam includes eight system workstation tables, communication keysets, video displays controlled by manual select keyboards, telephones, television, and data retrieval and processing systems. The Mission Management Room is a secklre conference room and includes a secure and nonsecur four-wire teleconference phone system. The Data Managemerlt Room is utilized in the prelaunch phase by the Launch System Evaluation Advisory Team (LSEAT) Working Group and is available for use by members of the Mission Evaluation Team after lift-off. The Administrative Support Rwm provides space for administrative support functions and includes facsimile equipment, reproduction equipment, word processing equipment, and a pneumatic tube data transport. The Mechanical and Data Distribution Room houses the air handler and communication interface equipment for the MER. The MER operates as a secure PC2 area and accass to this room ia restricted to temporary or permanent MER PCZ badges. The approximate floor space of the MER is 4576 square feet.

LUNAR CURATORIAL FACILITY (Building 31 )

Between 1969 and 1972, six Apollo spacecraft brought back 842 pounds of lunar rocks, core samples, sand, and dust from the lunar surface. The Lunar Curatorial Facility is the chief reposi- tory for these samples and maintains them in two separate environments - one for pristine samples and another for samples returned after analysis by investigators. Visiting scientis?~ can also conduct tests and measurements on the samples in special rooms in the building. Another function

I of the Lunar Curatorial Facility is to prepare lunar sampler, to be used in schools, universities, and musebras for education and display as well as for analysis by scientists throughout the world.

METEORITE PROCESSING LABORATORY (Building 31)

The Meteorite Processing Laboratary performs the initial examination of all rnetecrites recovered from Antarctica by expeditions of the ANSMET project, a program funded by the National Science Foundation. From 1977 through 1984, ANSMET expeditions returned more than 2,000 meteorite samples. In recognition of the impor- tance of meteorites as records of tne earliest his- !ory of the solar system and as natural probes of the interplanetary space environment, NASA for- malized an agreement with the National Science Foundation and the Sr.iithsonian Institution to examine, document, arL distribute these samples to tbe scientific community.

SPACE ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION LABORATORY CHAMBERS A AND B (Building 32)

Chambers A and B have the capability for manned and unmanned development and qualification testing of complete spacecraft or major subsystem hardware in high-fidelity simulated thermal vacuum space environments. The outside dimensions of

pounds. Chamber A can also be configured to generate thermal plasma simulating the iono- sphere in low Earth orbit.

BIOMEDICAL OPERATIONS AND RESEARCH LABORATORY (Building 37)

The Biomedical Laboratories are responsible for an array of biomedical and environmental analyti- cal capabilit~zs in support of NASA operations and biomedical research. With clinical, biochemistry, wator and food, microbiology, dnd toxicology laboratories, activities include, but seitainly are not limited to, medical evaluation of crewmembers and test subjects; routine analyses of various aspects of the Shuttle vehicles; and unique investi- gations of basic cellular and molecular processes. In additicn to undertaking research activities to investigate and define the effects of microgravity on humans, current development efforts are underway in the Biolechnology Group to explore the utility of using microgravity as a tool for under- star,=ling basic cell~~lar processes. Also, within the purview of the Biomedical Laboratories is ihe Environmental Health System projec~ which is being developed to help meet the environmental health needs of the S p x e Station Freedom Program.

CARDIOVASCULAR LABORATORY (Building 37)

The Cardiovascular Laboratory is devoted to increasing understanding of the many varied adjustments of the human circulatory system to space flight factors. It was used to support the development sf the first and only operational countermeasure to the cardiovascular deficits of microgravity exposure, the tiuid load countermeasure. The laboratwy is also used for developing multinational space flight physiology experiments, for bed rest studiss that simulate microgravity exposure, and for pilot studies that test new techniques and 9rocedures for potential application in space flight.

Chamber A are 65 feet in diameter and 120 feet in heighth. The working dimensions are 55 feet in ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS TEST diameter and 90 feet in hl ighth. Test articles can LABORATORY weigh up to 150,000 pounds. Chamber B has out- (Building 44) side dimensions of 25 feet in diameter and 26 feet in heighth. Test articles can weigh up to 75,000 Tile Electronic Systems Test Laboratory (ESTL)

F :.** h* I * " I f " . , . . .... f h

provides a controlled, calibrated radiofrequency (RF) environment for performing detailed functional performance evaluations of spacecraft communications equipment in an end-to-end configuration. Spacecraft HF communications equipment is a unique onboard systsm that has multiple remote functional interfaces, such as ground stations and relay satellites. Located within the ESTL are high-fidelity grcund station systems, relay satellite systems, and sp-cecraft systems which are interconnected through a calibrated RF path and dynarnic Doppler frequency shifter to provide an accurate reproduction of in-space RF operating conditior~s. Using this laboratory, prototype and production model communications equipment is tested in an integrated systems environment. These tests thoroughly evaluate its HF compatib~..~y and performance under all antic- ipated mission conditions to provide cost-effec- tive data for the equipment final design and mission operations activities.

CENTRAL COMPUTING FACILITY (Building 46)

The Central Computing Facility houses data processing systems in support of institutional, administrative, engineeying, and scientific activities as well as the National Space Transportation System and Space Station Freedom. A portion of the Central lnformation Network (CIN), the Center lnformation System (CIS), connections to the Program Support Communications Network (PSCN), and the NASANET provide support for institutional and administrative functions. CIN enables users to access applications on many different mainframes even though their work- stations are not directly attached to the main- frame hosting the applications. CIS aids users in office automation with word processing, electronic mail, and information management capabilities. PSCN provides Agency-wide voice, data, and video telecommunications. NASANET provides access to various sources of administrative da.a across the Agency.

The Engineering Computation Facility provides a centralized scalar and vector processing capability to the JSC scientific and engineering community for computational intenswe applications. In support of the National Space Trans- portation System, the Software Development Facility aids in the developmeit of new capabilities for the Shuttle Orbiter onboard computers.

The Central Computing Facility also houses two capabilities supporting Space Station Freedom. The Technical and Management lnformation System is an electronic information system for engineering and management, coordination, and integration of activities among NASA centers and Space Station Freedom and serves as the primary vehicle for transferring data between the contractors and NASA centers. The Space Station Information System contains all flight and ground- based information systems which participate or contribute directly to the day-to-day operations of Space Station Freedom.

VlBRATlON AND ACOUSTIC TEST F AClLlTY (Building 49)

The various vibration and acoustic laboratories are capable of performing a wide range of tests needed to evaluate all aspects of acoustic, vibration, structural dynamic, and shock problems. This facility provided extensive dynamic structural test support for Shuttle Orbiter certification. State- of-the-art techniques are used and the facility has unsurpassed low-frequency acoustic test capabilities and provides unparalleled features for accomplishing acoustic, mechanically induced vibration testing, and empirical modal analysis within one building.

ATMOSPHERIC REENTRY MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES EVALUATION FACILITY (Building 222)

The 10-Mw Atmospheric Reentry Materials and Structures Evaluation Facility (ARMSEF), also mown as the Arc-Jet, was originally constructed in 1966 to provide reentry environment testing of Apollo spacecraft nonreusable ablator-type thsr- ma1 protection system (TPS) materials. This facility is the sole :!ASA-dedicated Space Shuttle Orbiter TPS test facility, providing Shuttle TPS certifications and life testing, flight-to-flight TPS testing support, and test;.~g to resolve Shuttle TPS anomalies. Specifically, the ARhhSEF provides simulation of the convective heating and pressure flow environment by employins electric heaters that heat air and expand it into o test chamber through supersonic or hypersonic noz- zles to form a test stream. Test specimens of

TPS materials ranging in size from 3 inches in diameter to 2 feet in diameter by 2 feet in heighth can be inserted into the chamber.

THERMOCHEMICAL TEST AREA

The Thermochemical Test Area (TTA), located on 115 acres in the northwest corner of JSC, consists of four independent test facilities: the Fluid Systems Test Facility, the Power Systems Test Facility, the Propulsion Test Facility, and the Pyrotechnics Test Facility. In addition, the TTA facilities include laboratories which provide support for electrical and mechanical systems, equipment fabrication, chenical analysis, system cleaning and assembly, instrumentation caiibra- ticn, and data acquisition and reduction. The TTA ?as been used since 1964 to provide component and subsystem test support for propulsion and power systems utilized in U.S. manned space programs. The dedicated facilities and support laboratories provide the capability for rapid response in the investigation of rcal-time problems and flight anomalies. A limited number of qualit~cation programs have also been performed for components and subsystems for which contractors did not have adequate facilities.

WHITE SANDS TEST FACILITY (WSTF)

WSTF's propulsion test facilities consist of seven versatile test stands (four vacuum and three ambient) adaptable to almost any component, engine, system, or complete stage test up to 25,000 Ibf, snd a test article envelope up to 20 by 20 by 40 feet for vacuum tests. Hypergolic propellant storage, distribution, and conditioning capability is available at all test stands. A LOWhydro- gen system is under construction. An instant chemical steam generator provides space vacuum sim~rlation (>100,000 feet) during engine fir- ings (45-minute capability with the larger engines, 135-minute capability wiih smaller engines). Test stands :ire supported by mcdern data acquisition systems with computerized data processing and computer-con'iroiled tes! operations. At the present time, Shuttle FRCS, ARCS, and OMS test articles are installed in three of the test stands, and a fourth is undergoing extensive modification to provide long-term test support for the Space Station Freedom Program. The remaining test capability is presan:ly dedicated to a mde variety

of short-duration testing for NASA and other Federal agencies.

Existing laboratory facilities encompass a wide variety of highly sophisticated and unique materials and c~rnponents test capabilities. These include a full spectrum of standard materials testing in fuel, oxidizer, and simulated space flight environments; f i i~t ional heating, pal iicle impact, and promoted combustion te~tino iil high- pressure gaseous oxygen; and testing in environments unicllr? to space such as 1. 2rmal vacuum stability testi17g 5otion analysis.

Shuttle Training Aircraft

The Siuttle Training Aircratt (STA) is a twin- engine Grumman Gulfstream II aircraft modified to simulate Orbiter flight characteristics including realist~c motion, visual, and handling qualities. It provides realistic training for astronai!t pilots for the Orbiter final approach phase from 35,000 feet to simulated touchdown including simulated winds, turbulence, and navigation errors that they might experience in an actual ;anding. The STA can fly at altitudes up tc 45,000 feet, at spaeds up to 367 knots, and has a tra~scontinental range. The four STA's are based at tllington Field with training flights in El Paso, Tex:.a; Edwards AFB, Califorl.'a; and the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The Orbiter descent profiles simulations are done primarily at White Sands.

The T-38A is a two-seat, twin turbojet, swept- wing, supersonic aircraft. It is capable of speeds up to Mach 1.2 and has a nominal range of 800 nautical miles. The T-38A is vely maneuverable and fully acvobatic. It is used for astronaut profi- ciency flying and to simulate Space Shuttle Orbiter low lift-to-drag landing approaches. JSC has 30 T-38A's based at Ellington Field.

KC-1 35A The KC-135A, a military version of the four- engine Boeing 707, is the standard U.S. Air Force tanker aircraft used primarily to :t?fuel the Sirategic Air Command bomber fleet. JSC's KC- 135A has been modifisd to permit operations in reduced gravity for NASA research and training. In this aircraft, astronauts and experimenters can

experience up to 30 seconds of weightlessness. Shuttle Carrier Aircraft Pstronauts also fly this aircrafi to-familiarize themselves with heavy aircraft operations in preparaticn for Space Shuttle flights. The KC- 135A is based at Ellington Field.

The Martin WB-57F is a modified 3-57 with larger wings, a bigger tail, and more powerful engines. It is a four-engine, two-seat, high-altitude weather research aircraft capable of flying at sltitudes of 65,000 fee! with a payload capacity of 4,050 pounds, a range of 2,500 nautical miles, and speeds of up to 345 knots. The V'B-57F carries multiple sensors to measurs the atmosphere plus whole air and particulate air samplers. The two WB-57F's still flying are based at Ellington Field.

The G-159 is a Grumman-Gulfstream twin turboprop administrative aircraft used to transport management personnei to other centers, contractor work sites, conferences, and NASA Headquarters to support managerial and techni- cai meetizgs. It can carry 12 passengers and has a crew of 3. It has a cruising airspeed of 275 knots, a range of 1,200 nautical miles, and can fly at altit~~des of up to 30,000 feet. NASA has five of these aircraft at various centers and one (NASA 2) is based at Ellington Field.

Super Guppy

The E377SG Aero Spacelines Super Guppy is a low-wing, four-engine turboprop designed for oversized cargo transport. It is an extensive modification of a Bceing C-97J transport. It was purchased by 1\1:.3A in A~ r i : 1979, and is based in El Paso. The Guppy c r rises at approximately 190 knots, tias a range of 450 nautical miles with maximum payloads, and normally operates at altitudes below 10,000 feet. The Super Ouppy can carry payloads of up to 41,000 pounds and 21 feet in diameter, and has transported such items as the Hubble Space Telescope, Syncom sdtellites, and Shuttle Centaur components. During the Apollo program, the Guppy was used to transport the S-IVB third stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle. As of 1991, all replacement engines have been used, and additional ones are not available. As a result, the Guppy is no longer in service and will remain in storage at Demir Montham AFB i~ Arizona.

The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft is a Boeing 747 rnodi- fied with extra stabilizer-tip vertical tail surfaces and external hardpoints for attaching and trans- porting an Orbiter in a piggyback arrangement. It is used to transport Orbiters to the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for laanch after landings at sites other than KSC, and to move them to and from the Fiockwell plant in Falmdale, California, where they are built or significantly modified. NASA has two SCf,s; one stationed at Edwards AFB, California and one at El Paso, Texas. Ll

VII I. JSC Workforce

V111. JSC Workforce

Civil Service Staff Profile (1 991)

JSC NASA -- -

Permanent employees 3674 24,416 AS: average 42.2 42.2 Grade, average 11.9 11.7 Annual salary, averaae $48,747 $47,643 Supervisors, number 567 3777

O/o 15.4 15.5 Womer,, number 121 6 7301

Yo 33.1 29.9 Minorities, number 634 4025

Yo 17.3 10.5 Received trai~ing, number 3036 21,380

Yo 82.6 52.4 Cash awards, number 21 94 12,894 Retirements 90 667 Scientists and engineers 2399 13,694 Prof. administrative 649 4579 Clerical 430 2881 Technical suppurt/wage grade 196 3262

Source: JSC Workforce In Frcf~le, FY91. The C:v~l Senke Workforce (As of September 30, 1991), NASA Headquarters, 1991.

JSC Workforce by Directorate (1991)

Civil service

--

Support contractor

Director and Staff 134 59 Administration 405 112 Flight Crew Operations 166 386 Mission Operations 602 4204 Engineering a21 !711 Information Systems 129 587 NSTS Program Office 193 439 New Initiatives 83 256 Center Operations 335 1191 Space Station Projects Office 112 265 SRSlQA 1 70 568 White Sands I'.ast Facility 5 1 477 Space and L I I ~ Sciet ices 244 101 5 STS Orbiter and GFE 130 522 LunarIMars Program Office 25 27 Space Station Projects lntegratian 14 0

Total 3674 10,863 --

Source. JSCICentral Budget Offi~d Note: Clvll sereice are end of year actuals

Support antractors are equivalent people.

JSC Workforce History - Civil Ssrvice/Support Contractors

1976 1380 1 384 1988 1992

Ye?

Civil service

Support contra .?or

Expressed ~n equivalent people Civil servica = full-time permanent

Source JSC Comptroller

Compooitic:? --f JSC Workforce by Occupation and Directorate :,4s of September 3 ~ . 199') -

/ Wage grade (WG)/technisal

SC;" ice and erq leering 65 3%

Prof admin 17.7%

WGItech S&E Prof admin Clerical

Directoratel program office No. ?/o No. % No. % No. % Total SES

Dir/Sta!f (A) 1 0.7 7 Adrnin. (8) 0 0.0 33 Fit. Crew Ops. (C) 34 20.0 101 Mission Ops. (D) 1 0.2 538 Engineering (E) 15 1 8 745 Space Shuttle Prog. Office 0 0.0 150

(G,M,T,W! Spa. Sta. Freedom Ofc. (H) 0 0.r) 9 New Initiatives Ofc. (I) 0 0.0 67 Center Ops. (J) 138 32.0 71 Spa. Sta. Proj. Ofc. (K) 0 0.0 70 SRCLQA (N) 26 14.5 131 Information Systems (P) 2 1.6 96 WSTF jR) 0 0.0 37 Spa. & Life Sci. (S) 7 2.9 210 Orb. & GFE Proj. Ofc. (V) 2 1.5 80 Exploration Prog. Ofc. (X) 0 0.0 21

Total 197 5.5 2357 65.3 609 16.9 446 12.4 3674 58

Source: JSC Workforce in Profile, FY91. 'The Senior Executive Staff for the Space Shuttle Program Office and the Space Stat~on Freedom Office are ass~gned to NASA Headq~~.~Aers and are noi reflected In these statlsbcs.

Composition of JSC Workforce by Occupation and Fiscal Year (As of September 30, 5 99 1)

WGflech S&E Prof admin Clerical End - of FY No. % No. % No. % No. % Total

Source: JSC Workforce lr Prof~le. FY91

Composition of JSC Workforce by Sex and Occupation (As of September 30, 199 1)

Female - --

Male Total

Occupation No. % No. X No. %

WGAeshnician 22 11.2 1 74 88.8 196 5.3 Scientist & engr. 41 2 17.2 1987 84.0 2399 65.3 Prof. admir?. 357 55.0 292 45.C 649 17.7 Clerical 425 98.8 5 1.2 430 11.7

Total 121 6 33.1 2458 66.9 3674 100.0

Source JSC Workforce in Profile, FY91

Composition of JSC Workforce by MinorityINonminority and Directorate (As of September 30, 1991)

NM male 56.9% (2089)

Min. male 10.8% (369)

NM female 25.7% (346)

Nsnminority Minority i

Male Female Male Female.

Directorate1 program office No. tio No. % No. % No. O h Total

Didstaff (A) 53 38.7 59 43.1 7 5.1 18 13.1 Admin. (B) 161 38.5 181 43.3 25 6.0 51 12.2 Flt. Crew Ops. (C) 97 55.7 51 29.3 16 3.2 10 5.7 Mission Ops. (D) 373 60.9 155 25.3 43 7.0 44 6.7 Engineering (E) 537 64.6 137 16.5 111 134 46 5.5 Space Shuttle Prog. Ofc. 11 7 58.8 52 26.1 16 8.0 14 7.0

(G,M,T,W) Spa. Sta. Freedom Ofc. (H) 8 61.5 3 23.1 1 7.7 1 7.7 New Initiatives Ofc. (I) 58 67.4 20 23.3 5 5.8 3 3.5 Center Ops. (J) 153 45.3 105 31.1 47 13.9 33 6.8 Spa. Sta. Proj. Ofc. (K) 66 62.3 27 25.5 8 7.5 5 4.7 SR&QA (N) 113 57.5 27 15.1 36 20.1 13 7.3 Information Sjstems (P) 73 57.0 32 25.0 13 10.2 10 7.8 WSTF (R) 33 66.0 8 16.0 7 14.0 2 4.0 Spa. & Life Sci. (S) 155 64.8 53 21.7 19 7.8 14 5.7 Orb. & GFE Proj. Ofc. (V) 82 62.; 27 20.5 15 11.4 8 6.1 Exploration Prog. Ofc. (X) 17 63.0 9 33.3 0 0.0 1 3.7

Tota! 2089 5s 9 946 25.7 369 10.0 270 7.3 3674

Source. JSC Workforce In Prof~le, N91.

Composition of JSC Workforce by MinorityINonminority and Fiscal Year

Nonminority Minority

Male Female End - of FY No. % No. YO No. % Total

- -- Source, JSC Workforce In Profile, Ff91.

Education of Professional Civil Service Employees (As of September 30, 1991)

Associates - 0.7% (20)

Bachelors 64.0% (1 950)

No degree 5.7% (1 75) Doctorate 6.6% (200)

Masters 23.1 '% (703)

- Source: JSC Workforce in Profile, N91.

Minorities and Women by Organization

Minority female 270 7.3%

Minority male 369 /

Non-Minoritv Female 946 -\ Non-Minority male 2,089 56.9%


Male Female Male Fentale -- -- No. % No. % No. % No. % Total

DirectorlStaff (A) Administratc ,B! Center Operations (J)

Flight Crew Operations (C) 97 55.7 tdission Operaticns (D) 373 60.9 Engineering (E) 537 64.6 Safety, Relaibaility and Quality Assurance (N) 103 51.5 Information Systems (P) 73 57.0 WSTF (R) 33 66.0 Space and Life Sciences (S) 158 64.8

Space Shuttle Program Office (G,M,T,W) 11 7 Space Station Freedom Office (H) 8 New Initiatives Office (I) 58 Space Station Project Office (K) 66 Orbier and GFE Project Office (V) 82 Lunar and Mars Exploration Office (X) 17

Total 2,089

Source: JSC Human Resources Office

Age of Professional Civil Service Employees by Occupation (As of September 30, 199 1)

Total professional

S&E Prof admin workforce - Age No. O h No. % No. %

Total 2399 100.0 649 100.0 3048 100.0

Source, JSC Workforce In Profile, M91.

Support Contractor Workforce Equivalents (FY91)

Anchor AS1 bniversal Barrios Brown & Root CSCIMOSC DMS-Custodial DMS-Grounds Dual & Associates ESCILockheed FEPCIBoeing Fluor Daniel GHG Hernandez Engineering IBM Jefferson Assoc. Johnson Engineering Kelsey Seybold KRUG, International LinklTSC

Lockheed LockheedMlSTF Loral Loral MSC Loral SRQA Mason Hangar MDAC-AASC Media MITRE Northrop Pioneer RockwellIQSC RockwellISTSOC Rothe Stellacom Technicolor Webb-Murray Others (<I 0)

239 488 63 31 8 496 101 252 31 100 352 152 222 3667 23 99 84 36 79

Total 11,759

Source: JSCICentral Budget Office. Note: Excludes equivalents for reimbursable work.

Civil Service - Full-Time Equivalent Employees (FTE) -- - -- - - -- - -- -- -- - - -

Center 1961 1962 1963 1964 9 9 6 5 1966 1967 1958 1969 1970 -~ ---- ~p

Jc . nson Spce Center 805

Kennsdy Spece Center 0

Marshall Space Flight Center 5,355

Stennis Space Center 0

Goddard Space Flight Center 1.497

Wallops Station 3G5

Ames Research Center 1,487

Dryden Flight ReMarch Canter 441

Langley m t c h Cectir 3,287

Lewis Reaenrch Center 2,756

Electronics Resoarcit Center 0

Space Nuclear Propulsion Center 0

Pacific Launch Operations Center 0

Western Operations Center 60

North Eastern Office 0

NASA Headquarters 751

Totals 16,744

Center 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

Johnson Spce Center 4,120 3,817 3,727 3,652 3,632 3,613 3,585 3,532 ;,so4 3,469

Kennedy Space Center 2,641 2,467 2,409 2,309 2,259 2,259 2,230 2,179 2,193 2.191

Marshall Space Flight Center 5,804 5,341 5,214 4,500 4,113 4,115 3.910 3,760 2.636 3,561

Stennis Space Center 0 0 0 65 70 70 70 102 104 103

Goddard Spce Flight Center 4,412 4,061 3,966 3,808 3.753 3,752 3,625 3,575 3,482 3,444

Wallops Station 488 448 437 420 416 415 410 407 338 395

Ames Fbmarch Center 1,922 1,771 1,730 1,701 1,678 1,676 1,613 1,669 1,666 1,658

DrydenFligMResesrchCenter 535 493 483 484 490 498 515 490 480 461

Langley Research Center 3,790 3,495 3,411 3,375 3,309 3.321 3,135 3,071 3,005 2,980

k v i s Remarch Center 4,201 3,835 3,350 3,115 3,025 3,325 2,998 2,921 2,058 2,835

NASA Headquarters 1,897 1,772 1,741 1,591 1,571 1,572 1,545 1,531 1,505 1,516

Totals 29,850 27,500 26.468 25,020 24,316 24,316 23,636 23,237 22.831 22,613

Data reflects permanent FTEs Source: NASA Congressional Budget Boot,

Civil Service - Full-Time Equivalent Employees (FTE) (concluded)

Center 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1088 1989 1Q!XJ

Johnson Spew, Center Kennedy Space Center IIRemhll Space Flight Center Stennis Spnce Center Goddard Spew Flight Center A m Research Center Langky Research Center M s Research Center NASA Haadquartem

Totals 21,873 21,652 21.202 21,198 21,123 21,660 21,272 21,500 22.302 22,918

Center lssl 1992 1993 1W 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Johnson Space Center Kennedy Spnce Center Marshall Spnce Flight Center Stennis Space Center Goddard Space Flight Center Ames Research Center Langley W r c h Center h i s l3o%xwch Center NASA Headquarten,

Totals 24,026

nata reflects permanent FTEs Source: NASA Congress~onal Budget Books

Minorities in the Workiorce - Permanent Personnel by Occupational Group (As of September 30, 199 1)

Non-Minority 15,615

Minority 2,658

Non-Minority 4.776

Minority 1.367

Professional Non-Professional

Percent of Minorities in the Workforce

Occupation

-- OAST OSSA OSF

Total HQ ARC LaRC LeRC GSFC MSFC S C JSC KSC NASA

Science and Engineering 13.7 11.2 16.5 10.9 16.1 14.7 9.7 8.6 15.3 15.6 Professional Administrative 17.0 20.9 25.5 7 2.3 16.3 16.5 13.9 20.0 15.1 12.3 Clerical 29.3 53.9 41.6 28.7 19.4 26.4 16.6 8.1 30.5 17.9 Techn~cal Support 13.4 66.7 18.0 15.4 G.4 13.6 15.2 100.0 21.3 5.1 Wage System 24.5 100.0 25.0 20.0 22.3 30.9 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0

- -

Source The Clvll Sew~ce Workforce, NASA Headquarters, 1991

Minorities as Percent of Permanwt Employees By Minoriiy Group (End FY82, FV89, FY90, FY91)

Total Minorities Black Hispan~c Asian1P.I. American Indian

au rce : The Civil Service Workforce, NASA Hdqtrs, 1991

Women as Percent of Permanent Employees by Installation End FY9O - FY91

Total HQ ARC LaRC LeRC GSFC MSFC SSC JSC KSG NASA -LA-

OAST OSSA OSF ~p

Total Women FY9 1 7,301 938 547 721 615 1,176 1,226 74 1,216 761 FY90 6,881 867 547 699 572 1,112 1,138 63 1,167 716 W 8 2 4,620 568 402 515 384 834 695 31 705 486

Source. The C~vil Service Workforce, NASA Hdqtrs, 1991

Employees with Disabilities as Percent of Permanent Personnel by Installation September 30, 1991

Targeted -- - Non-Targeted

5 2 5 2

Total HQ ARC LaRC LeRC GSFC MSFC SSC JSC KSC . . ~ - -

NASA I d - OAST OSSA OSF

Non-targeted disability 956 49 8E 163 76 146 162 7 149 116

Targeted d~sability 204 12 16 3 1 2 1 30 34 4 38 18

Total 1,160 61 104 194 97 176 196 11 '37 1 34

Source The Civil Servlce Workforce, NASA Hdqtrs, 1991

Fu!i-Time Equivalent of Federal Civilian Employment by Federal A~GIICY - Fiscal year

Agency 1990 1991 1992 actual actual estimate

- -- - - -- -

Agriculture Commerce Education Energy Health and Human Services Hous~ng and Urban Development lrterior Justice Labor State Transportation Treasury Veterans Affairs Environmental Protection Age,icy National Aeronautics and Space Administration Other:

Agency for International Development General Services Administration Nuclear Regulatory Commission Off ice of Personnel Management Panama Canal Commission Small Business Administration Tennessee Valluy Authority Lhited States Information Agercy Miscellaneous

Civilian agency employment Defense - military functions

Total

Source The Federal Budget, Offlce of Management and Budget, Executive Otflce c: ::-,s Prec~uent, FYI992

Installation Year-End Strength - Permanent Employees End FY82 - FY91 - -- -- - - -- - -

Fiscal Year 1982 lM3 1684 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 - HC 1.431 1492 1,596 1,383 1,362 1,532 1,653 1,727 1,966 2,092 - ARC 2,041 2.033 2,043 2,052 2,072 2,079 2,101 2,151 2,205 2,263 LaRC 2,485 2.632 2,624 2,715 2,598 2.663 2,649 2,749 2,728 2,835 LeRC 2,801 2,904 2,821 2,827 2.814 2,851 2.840 2,864 2,961 2,969

TotalOAST 7,327 7,569 7,488 7,594 7,484 7,593 7,597 7.764 7,894 8.067

MSFC 3.332 3,351 3,223 3,284 3,260 3,384 3,340 3,609 3.619 3,788 SSC 193 106 108 122 123 137 147 183 132 222 JSC 3.268 3,235 3,227 3,330 3.2F' 3,349 3,399 3,578 3,€15 3,677 KSC 2,104 2,084 2.067 2.081 2.0: 2,188 2,236 2,423 2,466 2 , ~ 7 1

Total OSF 8.807 8,776 8,625 B , t r l / 8,703 9,058 9.122 9,793 9,892 10,258

NASATotal 21.186 21,505 21,050 21,423 21 228 21.831 21.991 23.019 23,625 24,415

Source: The Civil Ssnce Workforce. NASA Hdqtrs, FY1991 CAST -Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology OSSA - Office of Space Sclence and Appllcat~ons OSF -Office of Spaa Fl~ght

Work Force History - JSC Civil Service By Major Programs

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1992 Fisczl Year

MgVOperations Eng. Tech. Base OSSIVOAST Prog. Gern.!Sky.lApollo

DDTBElOther R&D STS Production . . STS Operations Space Station

Expressed in eqbivalent people

Source. JSC Corr;ptroller

Work Force History - JSC Support Contractors By Majcr Programs

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1992

Fiscal Year

a MgVOperations Eng. Tech. Base OSSAIOAST Prog Gern.lSky.IApollo

DDTLUOther R&D STS Production STS Operations Space Station

Expidssed in equivz'wt people

Source: JSC Con~ptroller

Work Force History - JSC Total C /ork Force By Major Programs

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1992

Fiscal Year

MgVOperat~ons Eng. Tech. Base a OSSNOAST Prog. Gern.Rky.iApollo

DDTLEIOther RLD 13 STS Production . . . STS Operations Space Station

Expressed in equivalent people

Source JSC Comptroller


JRlNG FISCAL YEAR 1992, procurement activity at JSC included contracts awarded totaling $2,113.1 million with a total of

$2,690.7 million obligated. 3 f tbe total obligations, 95.9 percent was obi~gated to busiriess firms, 2.3 percent was obligated lo educational and other nonprofit institutions, 0.9 percent was obligated to other Federal agencies (primarily to the Air Force:, and 0.9 percent was obligated to firms outside the United States. Educational and o'her nonprofit institutions received $63.1 million db;ng fiscal year 1992; $29.4 million or 47 percent was obligated to eaucational institutions. More than 70 percent of the total dollars oblig~t-

ed to educational and other nonprofit institutions went to three states: Texas, Massachusetts, and Virginia. More than 93 percent of the total dollars abligated to business firms went to those in Califoraia and Texas.

Small business firms received $148.2 million or 5.8 percent of JSC's t o t ~ l dollars obligated to business. They received 68.0 percent of the total actions to business. Minority businesses received a total of $26.3 million.

The top ten educational and nonprofit institutions receiving the largest dollar value of indi- vidual actions, during fiscal year 1992 were the following.

Obligations Percent of total obligations

- Charles Stark Draper Laboratories $1 5,062,346 25.82

Mitre Corporation 13,022,265 22.32

University of Houston - Clear Lake 6,858,318 11.76

Universities Space Research Assoc. 3,657,651 6.27

California Institute of Technology 1,669,118 2.86

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1,475,773 2.53

Washington University 1,283,999 2.20

University of California - La Jolla 1,210,677 2.08

University of Texas Health Scier,ces (Dallas) 961,861 1.65

University of Chicago 9i1,118 1.56

Source: JSC Annual Procurement Report (FY1992)

Top 15 Contractors in Terms of Obligations During FYI992

Contractor Percent of Tasks total obligations to all business ($2,579,350,000)

McDonnell Douglas 28.25

Rockwell lriternational 20.02 Corporation

Rockwell Space 13.41 Operations

Lockheed Engineering and 8.34 Sciences Company, Inc.

Loral Aerospace 4.79

CAE Link Corporation 2.39

Computer Sc~ences Corp. 2.1 9

United Technologies, Inc. 1.72

General Electric Co. 1.64

Spacehab Corp. 1.47

Lockheed Missiles and 1.40 Space Co., Inc.

Boeing Company 1.40

KRUG International Corp. .96

Canadian Commercial Corp. .91

Space Station vork package (WP-2) DDT&E

Space Shuttle Orbiter design, development, test, evaluation, and integration; replacement Orbiter (OV-105)

Space Shurtle operations

Engineering support services

Mission system contract/SRM&QA

Space Shuttle Orbiter primary avionics software

Mission Support Directorate operations and support contract

Space Station SSE

Mission Support Directorate training

Science payloads, development, engineering, and operations

Flight equipment processing

Space Shuttle extravehicular mobility unit

Medical cperations and laboratory support services

Plant maintenance and operations support services

Space Shuttle Remote Manipulator Ststem

Source: Annual JSC Procurement Report (FY1992)

Distribution of JSC Procurements Met Value of Obligations (Millions of Dollars)

Fiscal Business' Educationall Government Outside U.S.' Total year nonprofit' agenciesf

'Numbers in parentheses are percentag?s.

Source: JSC Annual Procurement Reports (FY1963-1992).

Small Business and Minority Business Participation in JSC Procurement Activity (Millions of Dollars)

Fiscal Total value Small business Minority business year of obligations value of obligations* value of obligations*

'Numbers In parentheses are prcentages.

Source: JSC Annual Procurement Reports (P11963-1992).

Obligations to Educational and Other Nonprofit institutions (Millions of Dollars)

Fiscal Contracts Grants - Total year Educational Nonprofit Educational Nonprofit

Source: JSC Annual Procurement Reports (FYI 963-1 992).

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(FYI 963-1 991 2).

Geographical Distribution of Procurements* Lyndon 6. Johnson Space Center - FY 1992

Hawaii $433

Outside U.S. $23,471

(thousands of dollars)

Texas $1,212,054

Southeast $5,925

'Excludes intragovernmental actions Source. Fiscal Year 1992 Annual Procurement Report, October 1992

NASA Expenditures by State (Geograph~c Distribution of FYI 99 NASA Budget)

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennesses

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

'Washington

West Virgi-tia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

cource: JSC Procurement Office Support Diviaion/BD.

Totd NASA Procurement by Installation (FY1992)

Installation Awards Percent (millions of dollars)

Marshall Space Flight Center

Johnson Spal:e Center

Goddard Space Flight Center

Kennedy Space Center

NASA Res~dent Otfice 1 JPL

Headquarters

Lewis Research Center

Ames Research Center

Langley Research Center

Stennis Space Center

Total 13,478.2 100.G

Scurce. JSC I I xurement Support Dlvls~onIBD

X. NASAIJSC Budget Activities

X. NASA and JSC Budget Activities

NASA as a Part of the Federal Budget By Major Segments - FY92 Budget Authority

- Treasury $293.5 Social Security $284.4

19.2% 19.9%

Health and Human Services $264.6 14.8% All Other

NASA $1 4.4 Government $327.2

1 .O% 22.1 %

Defense $294.0 19.9% $ in billions - Total = $1478.1

NASA as a Part of the Federal Budget By Control Categories - FY92 Budget Authority

f Discretionary portion 65% Nondiscretionary portion 35%

Mandatory payments 51.3%

Social Security - Income security (Medicare) Other payments

rnandatea by legislation

13.8% $ in billions - Total = $1 478.1

Percent of NASA to Total Federal Budget Budget Authority

Fiscal Year (Based on real year dollars)

Percent of JSC to NASA Budget Budget Authority

-- Est.

1961 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993

Fiscal Yeai (Based on real year dollars)

Source: Office of the Comptroller, JSC

X-2

Johnson Space Center Budget by Program Office

Program Office (Obligatrons in milliuns)

PY1991 PY 1992 PY 1993 actual appropriation r equa~ t

Office of Space Flight - Program Space Shuttle Space Station Other space flight research aild development

Office of Space Flight - Institution Personnel compensation Travel Operation of lnstallatlon Engineering techniml base Program mission support (OSF funded) Research Operations Support

Office of Space Science and Application 79.8 83.5 102.9

Office of Aeronautics, Exploration and Technology {PMS included)

Office of Commercial Programs 44.2 55.5

Other NASA ProgramsIProgram Offica (Incl~rdes exploration, SMO external re!ations)

53.9 30.9 16.5

Total $2,729.9 $2,825.8 $3,104.0

SMQ - (Off~ce of) Safety and Mission Qual~ty PY - program year PMS - Program Mlss~on Support Source. JSC Office of the Comptrolier OSF - Office of Space Fl~ght

NASA Budget by Center FYI 992 Budget Authority

Johnson Space Center $2.8 19.4%

I

Goddard Space Flight Center $2.1 14.6%

Kennedy Space Canter $1.6

$ in billions - Total = 14.4

Other Centers $3.1 21.6%

Marshall Space Flight Center $3.3 22.9%

FY92 Appropriations by Congressional Budget Line Items (Dollars in m:-!ions)

Appropriationibudget line item NASA JSC JSC Percentage

Research and development

Space Station Space transportation capability development Phys~cs and Astronomy Life sciences Planetary exploration Space applications Technology utilization Commercial use of space Aeronautical research awl technoiogy Space research and technology Space exploration Transatmospheric research anti Ischnology Safety, reliability, and q ~ ~ - ~ l t ) r assurance Academic programs Tracking and dc?a advanced systems

Space flight control, alld data communications

Shuttle production and operations capability Space Shuttle operations Expendable launch vehicles Space and ground networks, communicatians and

data systems

Research and program management

Construc:;on of facilities

Inspector general

Total NASA budget $14,352.8 $2,825.7 19.7 - - --

Source. JSC Off~ce of the Comptroller

XI. Economic Impact

XI. Economic Impact on Clear LakeIHouston Economy

I N FISCAL YEAR 1992, NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) continued its 30 year history of providing a major economic stimulus to

Houston, the State of Texas, and the nation through contract and grant awards. JSC also provides a major source of high-tech scientific and engineering, professional, and administrative jobs related to one of America's most exciting and challenging endeavors, the manned space flight program.

NASA is unique among Federal agencies in that over 80 percent of its funding goes to contractors, compared with 1 1 percent government- wide. This is a major stimulant for the private aerospace sector of our economy where our nation enjoys a technological competitive edge in the world ecor;omy.

The Johnson Space Center in fiscal year 1992 directly corltributed nearly $1.45 billion to the Houston area economy, or 51 percent of JSC's total budget of $2.8 billion. Ten percent of the total NASA budget directly benefitted the Houston economy. This spending was tor federal salaries, contractor salaries and services, utilities, materials and equipment, and other needed services.

In reality, the economic impact is even high- er than the published numbers would indicate. For exzmple, not estimated is the ecorlomic value of tourism to the Center and multiple sec- ondary effects of JSC spending.

Since its inception in 1962, the Johnson Space Center has received over $47.4 billion in Federal appropriations, which translates to over $128 billion in 1992 dollars. For 1991, JSC spent $1.2 billion in California, $1.2 billion in Texas, and $300 million for c:ontracts and grants in 39 other states. JSC received 20 percent of NASA's total

budget of $14.3 billion in 1992. Over 45 percent of NASA's budget for Space Station Freedom resides at JSC, along with 28 percent of NASA's space shuttle budget. In addition to Texas, California is a major beneficiary of JSC's spending because most of the aerospace production facilities for shuttle and station are located there.

As an indication of the quality of federal jobs created by JSC, the average federal salary at the Center is $51,100. The average age of JSC enployees is 43. Of the 3,644 full time permanent JSC employees, 2,869 or 78.7 percent hold bachelor degrees, 922 or 25.3 percent hold masters degrees, and 205 or 5.6 percent hold doctorate or equivalent post graduate degrees.

Of the nearly $1.45 billion spent in the Houston area in 1992, $186 million went for federal salaries; $133 million for 1,328 prime contractors located on or near site; $9$5 million for 11,600 support contractors; $17 million for utilities and communicat~ons; $32 million for construction of facilities; and the balance for other goods, services and non-federal salaries. Around $1 1.8 million was spent for g ram and contracts with 17 different colleges and universities within the state of Texas during 1992.

Overall, NASA's FYI 992 budget is less than 1 percent of the total federal budget. JSC's budget is 115 of 1 percent. The total 1992 NASA budget for space station is less than 115 of 1 percent. This very small national investment supports high tech jobs, education, and critical environmental research; produces medical and life sciences breakthroughs; advances science and technoiogy; enhances our national competitiveness; and stretches the limits 01 knowledge strout our uni- verse. 0

JSC Economic Impact Overview - FYI992

Total NASA Funding Received at JSC Space Shuttle Program Related Space Station Program Related Other Space R&D Related lnstitution Related

NASA Dollars Fed into Local Economy Space Shuttle Program Related Space Station Program Related Other Space R&D Related lnstitution Related

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

Percent of NASA Dollars which stay in local economy Space Shuttle Program Related Space Station Program Related Other Space R&D Related lnstitution Related

Total JSC-Related Economic Contribution (Includes Direct and Indirect)

Number of Equivalent People NASA Civil Service Support Contractors (Excludes Slbcontractors) Prime Contractors in Houston Area Other JSC-related

Percentage of Total Work Force by Program Space Shuttle Program Related Space Station Program Related Other Space R&D Related lnstitution Related

Number of Visitors to JSC 982,000

Source: JSC Office of the Comptroller

JSC Workforce in the Houston Area

Fiscal Year 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992

Contractlother 7.061 7.298 8.378 8.555 9.969 8.937 10.035 11.121 12.999 13.207 13.242 Civil Service 3.459 3.399 3.315 3.404 3.354 3.395 3.457 3.608 3.751 3.800 3.763

JSC Dollars Spent in Hous:on Area Expressed in Current Year j1991/1992) Dollars

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Year

Source: JSC Central Bcdget Office.

JSC and Houston Share of the NASA Budget (Expressed in Real Year Dollars)

u JSC Houston # Other Centers

(Expressed in Percentage)

- 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992

JSC Houston Other Centers

Snurce: JSC Central Budget Office.

3SC Spending in Texas - FYI992 Colleges and Universities

Univereity of Houston, Clear Lake Eight other Texas Universities

Texas Southern University of Texas, Arlington Prarie View A&M University of Texas, Ei Paso Texas Women's Universrty University of Texas, San Antonio Texas Tech. University of Texas, Galveston

University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas

Baylor College of Medicine

University of Texas +alth Science Center, Houston

University of Houston

- &mar Univorsity

Obligations in thousands $555

Annual Visitors to JSC (In thousands)

0 1987 I ges : 989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Projected Fiscal year

FYI993 Projects Space Center Houston Actuals = fiscal year conservative estimats based on vehicie count. FYI991 was affected by visitor constraints (Jan.-hnar.) imposed by "Desert Storm".

Source: Office of the C~rnptroller

NASA Contracts and Grants Distribution by State - FY 1992

Dollars in

Florida $1.5 -

Texas $1.3 - --

Alabama $1.1

Maryland $1 .o

Utah / billions (rounded) $0.5 -

\- Virginia

$0.5

All Other States 4 . 3 3 $0.6 Mississippi $0.3 Louisiana $0.4

JSC Contracts and Grants Distribution by State - FYI 992

California $1,231

Texas $1,210 45.8%

All Other $201 7 . 6 O L .

Dollars in millions

Source: JSC Central Budget Office

XI-6

XII. Bibliography

XII. Bibliography

T HE SOURCES LISTED BELOW are valu- able tools in constnlcting the complete pic- ture of the Johnson Space Cecter and its

contributions to the success of the United States Space Program.

History of NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958.

Public Law 85-568, July 29, 1958.

lntroducticr~ to Outer Space. President's Science Advisory Committee. March 26. 1958.

Aeronautics and Astronautics: An American Chronology of Science and Technology in the Exploration ot Space, 131 5-1 960, NASA, 1961.

Historical Origins of the kational Aeronauti~s and Space Admipistiation. NASA, l?ti4.

kng , Dave W.: The Impact of the Manned Spa-sraft Ceriter on the Houston-Gulf Coast Area. Historical Sketch of NASA. NASA EP- 3,1965. NASArMSC, dul-j 1967.

Documents in the History of NASA: An Anthology. NASA, August 1975.

This is NASA. August 1978.

Orders of Magnitude: A history of NACA and NASA, 191 5-1 980. NASA SP-4403,1981.

On the Frontier: Flight Research at Dryden, ! 946-1 981. NASA SP-4303,19134.

The NASA Briefing Bo3k (Brooks Book).

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"Move to Houston Area is On Schedule." Roundup, January 10,1963.

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Mercury Project Summary Including Results of the Fourth Manned Orbital Flight, May 15 and 16, 1963.

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Gemini Summary Conference, February 1-2, 1967.

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JSC Comptrollers OfficeIBL. O

Minorities and Women by Organization

Minority female 270 7.3%

Minority male 369 10.0%

Non-Minority Female 946 25.7%

Non-Minority male 2,089 56.9%


Male

No. Yo

DirectorIStaff (A) 53 38.7 Adrninistratc ;B! 161 38.5 Center Operations (J) 153 45.3

Flight Crew Operations (C) 97 55.7 M~ssion Operatiens (D) 373 60.9 Engineering (E) 537 64.6 Safety, Relaibaillty and Quality Assurance (N) 103 57.5 Information Systems (P) 73 57.0 WSTF (R) 33 66.0 Space and Life Sciences (S) 158 64.8

Space Shuttle Program Office (G,M,T,W) 1 17 58.8 Space Station Freedom Office (H) 8 6!.5 New Initiatives Office (I) 58 67.4 Space Station Project Office (K) 66 62.3 Orbiter and GFE Project Office (V) 82 62.1 Lunar and Mars Exploration Office (X) 17 63.0

Female -- No. %

Male Female -- No. % No. X Total

Total 2,089 56.9 946 25.7 369 10.0 270 7.3 3,674

Source: JSC Human Resources Office

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