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18

A Brief Biography of Maha Ghosananda

1929 Born in Takeo Province in south-central Cam­bodia.

1943 Initiated into the Cambodian Buddhist Order.

1953 Entered Nalanda University in Bihar State, In­dia.

1956 Attended the Sixth Sangha COlmcil of Bud­dhism (2500 B.E.) at Kaba Aye Pagoda in Ran­goon, Burma, as member of the Cambodiandelegation w1der its former Sangha Raja,ChuonNath.

1957 Received doctoral degree from Nalanda Uni­versity, title Maha Ghosananda bestowed.Studied with contemporary masters of Bud­dhism in Mahayana and Theravada traditionsin Japan and Cambodia.

1965 Entered the hermitage of Thai meditationmaster Venerable Achaan Dhammadaro.

1978 Met first influx of Cambodian refugees enter­ing Sakeo camp following expulsion of KhmerRouge regime from power. Distributed tractsto the refugees, reminding them of the Bud­dha's words: "Hatred can never be appeasedby hah'ed, hah'ed can only be appeased bylove."

1978 Established temples in refugee camps on theThai-Cambodia border.

1980 Represented Khmer nation-in-exile as consul­tant to the U.N. Economic and Social Cow1cil.Co-founded Inter-Religious Mission for Peace.Launched ecwnenical initiatives, world daysof prayer for "Peace in Cambodia and theWhole World."

1981 FOlmded Buddhist temples in Cambodia andCambodian resettlement commwuties inNorth America, Europe, and Aush'alia; cur­rently oversees temples, establishes culturaland educational programs, sponsors medita­tions for peace, sponsors training programsfor hwnan rights advocacy and developmentof nonviolent conflict resolution.

1983 Met with Pope John Paul II in Rome to discuss19

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20

religious basis for world peace before plannedmeeting in Assisi.

1986 Invited by the pope to participate in Day ofPrayer for World Peace with world religiousleaders in Assisi (now an annual event alwaysattended by Maha Ghosananda).

1988-1991Led contingents of Buddhist monks to UN.­sponsored Cambodian peace negotiations,proposing a compromise and reminding na­tional leaders that "peace is our commongoal."

1988 Elected a Supreme Patriarch of Buddhism inCambodia.

1989 Granted honorary doctorate of humanitarianservice at Providence College, Providence, RI,US.A.

1992 Received the title Samdech Preal1 from KingSihanouk in Phnom Penh. Popularly knownas Samdech Song Santipeap (the leader of Re­ligion for Peace) in Cambodia. Led the FirstDhammayietra (Walk for Peace and Reconcili­ation) for one month tlu'ough northern Cam­bodia just prior to full implementation ofUnited Nations Transitional Authority inCambodia (UNTAC). "Step by Step: Medita­tions on Wisdom and Compassion" by MahaGhosananda published by Parallax Press,US.A. (now published in Khmer, Thai, Span­ish, Portuguese, and Japanese). Awarded 1992Rafto Foundation Prize for Human Rights,Bergen, Norway.

1993 Led Second Dhammayietra through area ofcivil war before first Cambodian elections, en­couraging citizens to overcome fear of politi­cal violence and intimidation and exercisetheir right to vote. Named honorary leaderof Ponleu Khmer, citizens' advisory cow1cilto the Cambodian Constitutional Assembly.Ponleu Khmer presents proposals for the pro­tection of human rights and for nonviolentresolution of the continuing Cambodian con­flict. Invited to attend the Parliament of theWorld's Religions in Chicago.

1994 Asked to bless the opening ceremony of the

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Interfaith Pilgrimage for Peace and Life atAuschwitz, Poland, Led Third Dhammayietratlu'ough the most heavily war-torn westernprovince of Cambodia, The walk was caughtin crossfire between government and rebelforces, and two peace walkers were killed,Proclaiming "This violence is indeed the rea­son we walk," Maha Ghosananda led theDhammayietra to its completion. Led contin­gent of highest-ranking monks to peace ne­gotiations held lmder the auspices of KingSihanouk in Pyongyang, North Korea, and toa second round of negotiations later in PhnomPenh. Led interreligious delegation to peacenegotiations in Colombo, Sri Lanka, to helpseek an end to that cOlmtry's long-standingcivil war. Nominated for 1994 Nobel Prizefor Peace by U.S. Senator Claiborne Pell,Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Com­mittee.

1995 Nominated for a second time by Sen. Pell andan anonymous Nobel laureate for the 1995Nobel Prize for Peace.

JanuaryDedicated Disabled Persons' Center, PhnomPenh.

February.International Network of Engaged Buddhists(!NEB) conference, aslu-am, Nakhon, Nayok,Thailand

MarchInternational Women's Day, Phnom Penh/Battambang; Buddhist Teachers' Meeting(Asian-Western), Dharamsala, India

AprilInternational Consultancy on Religion, Educa­tion and Culture, Atami, Japan; InternationalConsultancy on Religion, Education and Cul­ture, Windsor Castle, England

MayCambodian Engaged Buddhist Nlms and Lay­women, conference in Takmau

May-JlmeLed Fourth Dhammayietra for Peace and Rec­onciliation in Cambodia, walking from the

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24

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Thai border to the Viehlamese border. Contin­ued calls for peace negotiations and educatingpublic about the ongoing dangers hom landmines and lmexploded ordnance in Cambo­dia.

SeptemberPreparatory meeting for a Peace COlU1cil,UK.; led International Peace Day Ceremonies,during Cambodian Festival of the Dead, for aban on land mines; attended Gorbachev Foun­dation State of the World Forum.

OctoberAttended UN. Review Conference on theConvention on Conventional Weapons to pre­sent the suffering of ordinary people due toland mines and plead for a total ban on them;toured Italy at invitation of the Italian Cam­paign to Ban Land Mines.

NovemberFounding meeting of the Peace COlmcil atWindsor Castle, England. The Peace COlmcilincludes several Nobel laureates and highrepresentatives of all major world religions.

1996 Nominated for the Nobel Prize for Peace forthird year in a row. Nominated in 1996 byAmerican Friends Service Committee (1967Nobel Prize recipients).

FebruaryLed Ban Mines Week parade in Phnom Penhfor a ban on land mines.

AprilAttended UN. Review Conference on Con­ventional Weapons, Geneva, to plead for a to­tal ban on land mines.

May-JlmeLed the Fifth Dhammayietra for Peace andReconciliation in Cambodia, focusing on de­forestation and the role played by the mili­tary, illegal logging and the ongoing civil war.Drew a link between healthy forests and thelife of the Buddhist order. Members of thePeace COlmcil join the walk.

JulyInvited to represent Theravada Buddhist lin­eage at Gesthemane EncolU1ter, a Clu'istian-

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Maha Ghosananda leads anti-land mine march.

Buddhist Monastic Dialogue at GesthemaneAbbey, U.S.A.

SeptemberMet with oppressed Nobel laureate A\.mg SanSuu Kyi and Buddhist Sangha in Burma.

OctoberParticipated in the World Forum in San Fran­cisco, Calif.

NovemberMet with Bishop Ruiz and members of Zap­atistas in Chiapas, Mexico, as a member of thePeace COI.mcil.

DecemberMet with members of Khmer Rouge to ar­range a route for the 1997 Sixth Dhammayieh'ain Cambodia. Was Patron of conference onBuddhism and Peace in Battambang, Cambo­dia, which was organized by Buddhism forDevelopment group and was attended by rep­resentatives of different militant factions.

1997 Nominated by a former Nobel laureate (anon­ymous) for the Nobel Prize for Peace for afourth time.

27

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March-AprilLed the Sixth Dhammayietra tlu'ough areas ofCambodia which were, lmtil a few months be­fore, lmder the total conh'ol of the KhmerRouge. The people in the areas tlu'ough whichthe walk passed witnessed the first freely or­ganized event in their lives. Walk successfullyconcluded at the Angkor period ruins ofBantey Chammar.

MayInvited by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to co­lead an ecumenical service for Tibet at the Na­tional Cathedral in Washington, D.C.

JuneAs a Patron of the organization, he attendedthe International Network of Engaged Bud­dhists conference in Kanchanaburi province,Thailand, which brought together Buddhistsocial activists from throughout Asia andarolmd the world, Visited Halockhani refugeecamp on the Burma-Thai border at the invita­tion of the New Mon Relief Committee.AugustAfter the coup d'etat in July he led the firstmass event calling for an end to the use of vio­lence in Cambodian power struggles. He laterh'aveled to Sri Lanka, where he received anaward for peacemaking from the Sarvodayaorganization.

29