Hyungwoong Adsorption Carbon Capture
Transcript of Hyungwoong Adsorption Carbon Capture
Adsorption Research in the Edinburgh Carbon Capture Group
Hyungwoong Ahn
Institute for Materials and Processes
School of Engineering
The University of Edinburgh, UK
RSA Visit - March 01, 2011
Academic Staff
Dr Hannah Chalmers
Dr Tina Düren
Prof Stefano Brandani
Prof Jon Gibbins
Dr Lev Sarkisov
Dr Xianfeng Fan
Current Ph.D StudentsCurrent Ph.D StudentsResearch Staff
Dr Jennifer Williams
Administrative Staff
Ms Leigh Murray
Dr Maria-ChiaraFerrari
Dr Daniel Friedrich
Mr DavideBocciardo
Mr Linjiang Chen
Mr Wenli Dang
Ms EmanuelaDi Baise
Ms Olivia Errey
Ms Zoe Kapetaki
Mr EnzoMangano
Mr Dursun Can Ozcan
Ms Raana Tohid
Mr Ignacio Trabadela
Mr Eric Hu
Dr Hyungwoong Ahn
Dr Carlos Ferreiro
Dr Mathieu Lucquiaud
Mr Bill Buschle
Mr Stephen Kwelle
Mr Xu Xu
Recruiting two PhDs and two Postdocs
IPCC Report – Carbon Capture and Storage – www.ipcc.ch
Coal fired power stations – 750 g/kWh
A 1 GW plant:
Emits >750 tonnes per hour of CO2
Approx 1/90 of full scale for 1 GW
Costs > £1 Billion
Uses 40% of the energy if installed as a “plug and play”, 25-30% with R&D.
Carbon capture – amines
CO2 capture plant in Malaysia, using a 200 tonne d-1
KEPCO/MHI chemical solvent process (c. Misubishi)
Retrofit of Amine Process into a Coal-fired Power Plant
Required reboiler duty [MJ/kgCO2] : Base case (3.54) > Case 1 (3.39) > Case 2 (3.35) > Case 3 (3.11)
Design basis• Subcritical coal-fired power plant with bituminous coal.
• Solvent : 30wt% aqueous MEA.
• 90% CO2 capture, constant heat input to the power
plant, CO2 compression up to 150 bar.
• Reboiler steam from the extraction of IP/LP crossover in
the steam cycle.
• Unisim R390.
• Power plant efficiency drop by retrofit : 8–10%.
Amine process scheme study
Case 1 : absorber intercooling Case 2 : absorber intercooling & water spray Case 3: split-amine flow
Semi-lean amine
Lean amine
• A good current adsorbent @ 0.1 bar – CO2 capacity 10 % w/w
• Allow for improvement – CO2 capacity 20 % w/w
– Assume bulk density 800 kg/m3
– Assume column diameter 4 m
• Typical Temperature Swing Adsorption cycle
– 2 hours
– 15000 tonnes of adsorbent
– Adsorbent bed length 1.5 km (cumulative)
• Typical Pressure/Vacuum Swing Adsorption cycle– 2 minutes– 250 tonnes of adsorbent– Adsorbent bed length 250 m (cumulative)
Why need innovation?Estimates for 1 GW
• CO2 capture will require a significant improvement in the adsorbents.
• CO2 capture will require a step change in the engineering of adsorption cycles– VSA Cycle times < 10-20 seconds.
• Existing simulation codes will NOT predict process dynamics reliably!
• Will need experimental techniques for testing novel materials.
• Target : The energy consumption of an adsorption process should be less than half of that of MEA process.
Why need innovation?Adsorption
Current Research Projects on Carbon Capture (Adsorption)
PI EP/G062129/1Innovative Gas Separations for Carbon Capture
£2,081,429
CoI EP/G02037X/1Carbon Capture and Storage Interactive: CCSI - Edinburgh
£113,159
CoI EP/F034520/1Carbon Capture from Power Plant and Atmosphere
£4,049,919
PI EP/I010939/1 FOCUS – Fundamentals of Optimised Capture Using Solids
£644,440
CoI EP/I016686/1 Carbon Nanotube for Carbon Capture £247,913
PIUS-DOE Project DE-FC26-07NT43092
Carbon Dioxide Removal from Flue Gas Using Microporous Metal Organic Frameworks
US$ 458,000
Approximately £3,000,000 of external funding to the group and University investment for new equipment.
UK IGSCC Consortium
St Andrews University
Cardiff UniversityImperial College
University of Manchester
University College London
University of Edinburgh(coordinator)
The Innovative Gas Separation for Carbon Capture (IGSCC) Project
Aims
• Apply a range of experimental techniques to determine equilibrium and kinetic
properties of nanoporous materials, which are being developed for CO2 capture.
• Develop detailed simulations of membrane and adsorption units that will be used
for parameter estimation and process optimization in the integration of carbon
capture in power plants
Materials
Thanks to this broad collaboration a wide range of materials can be tested:
• PIMs (University of Manchester, Cardiff University)
• BPL Carbon (University of Manchester, Cardiff University, UCL)
• Oxides (UCL)
• MOFs, Zeolites & Mesoporous Silicas (St. Andrews University)
CO2 Ranking
Adsorption Capacities of New Materials in mol/kg
Univ.of StA
Cardiff Univ.
UCL
Univ. of Manchester
(*) TGA not available
Despite their relative low capacity, PIMsare very promising materials for CO2
capture, because they can be used to make gas separation membranes.
Adsorption process model hierarchy
Developing models for the various simplifications gives us a model hierarchy with different models which are valid in different parameter regimes
• Column code is integrated into a cycle simulator
• Arbitrary sequence of steps
• Preliminary results are comparable to Adsim
Preliminary results for thecycle simulator
Simulation code to be used for VSA cycle of interactive – PE project
Input (power station)• CO2 cylinder / compressed air (1:5)
• MFCs supply gas mixture to VSA
• Solid-state CO2 concentration sensors
Capture unit (adsorption)• Vacuum-swing capture system
• 24Vdc solenoid valves
• 100g HISIV in two cylinders
Output (oilfield/aquifer)• CO2 storage in simulated aquifer
Entire unit controlled by LabVIEW• Flexible interface; can be programmed
for different uses
Engaging the Public
Carbon Capture and Storage Interactive: CCSIEPSRC (EP/G02037X/1)
Designed for public engagement
• Low pressure VSA (0-2.3 bara)
for safety
• Low flow rates (2.5 l/min) to
minimise consumable costs
• Fast cycle times (< 60s) for short
attention spans
• 16% CO2 input, 50% CO2 output
sufficient for display use
• Remotely controlled by operator,
but can run as a timed demo
• Supported by graphic displays, to
set context for CCS
• Intended to encourage public
debate
Bench-scale 6-column VSA process for PCC
• Target : 90% CO2 capture and 95% CO2 purity
P P P PP PP PP
PPPPPPPPPPPP
MFM
Waste
LR
BF
PE (in)
HR
PE (out)
EV
HR
Feed
Product
Recycle
MFC
MFM
MFC
MFM
MFM
BufferTank
P
CO2 Bombe
MFM
VacuumPump
Wet Gas Meter
Wet Gas Meter
MFM
BPR(Mechanical)
Pressure Tranducer
Vent
Gas Analyser
Vent
Vent
Gas Analyser
BufferTank
(1 atm)
P
PSV(1.5 atm)
PSV(3.0 atm)
P P P P P P
P P P P P P
P
P
P
P
BF
BF
BF
V01 V02 V03 V04 V05 V06
V07 V08 V09 V10 V11 V12
V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18
V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24
V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30
V31 V32 V33 V34 V35 V36
V37 V38 V39 V40 V41 V42
V55 V56 V57 V58 V59 V60
V61
V62
V65
V66
LR(out) WasteV43 V44 V45 V46 V47 V48
V49 V50 V51 V52 V53 V54
Waste
MFM
Vent
Gas Analyser
P
VentV63
V64
V67
V68
PSV(10.0 atm)
PP
N2 Bombe
MFC
Mixed gasBombe(later)
MFC
3-waymanualvalve
Drying ColumnV69
V70
V71
BufferTank
(3 atm)
P
PSV(10.0 atm)
Booster(controlled to keep the downstream pressure around 3 atm
CaO-looping process for cement industry
• Around 1600 kg of raw meterial is needed to produce 1,000 kg cement.
• As much as 0.83 tonne of CO2 is produced for every tonne of cement.
• In worldwid, the CO2 emission from the cement industry accounts for around 7%.
(Coal-fired power plant emission : 60%)
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CaO-looping process for cement industry
• Option 1 : carbon capture from kiln gas and calcination with fuel and oxygen.
(4.1 MJ/kg CO2 w/o heat recovery, ASU required)
• Option 2 : carbon capture from kiln gas and calcination by indirect heating.
(6.1 MJ/kg CO2 w/o heat recovery)
ASU
Conclusions
� A study on retrofit of post-combustion amine process into coal-fired power plant by Unisim simulation – Estimation of energy penalty.
� Developing novel solid sorbents with a higher CO2 capacity and experimental method to evaluate its performance fast.
� Simulation tool for cyclic adsorption processes with tailored discretisation schemes for the fluid and solid phase.
� Developing a carbonate looping process for cement industry.
Future work
� Dynamic process simulation with Unisim : coal-fired power station with amine process, IGCC with Selexol.
� Detailed thermodynamics in aqueous salt system.
� Parameter estimation from experimental data.
� Process optimization : adsorption process.