Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer Wansik Yu, MD, FACS Kyungpook National...
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Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
for Gastric Cancer
Wansik Yu, MD, FACSKyungpook National University
Taegu, Korea
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Mechanism of Dissemination
Detachment of cancer cellsMovement through the peritoneal cavityAttachment to the peritoneumInvasion into the subperitoneal tissueProliferation
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Management
SurgeryLeft upper abdominal eviscerationPeritonectomy
ChemotherapySystemic chemotherapyIntra-arterial chemotherapyIntraperitoneal chemotherapy
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Heat
Diseases that medicines do not cureare cured by the knife.
Those that the knife does not cureare cured by fire.
Those that fire does not curemust be considered incurable.
Hippocrates
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Principles of Hyperthermia
Direct cytocidal effect by hyperthermiadegeneration of proteinimpairment of nucleic acid synthesischromosomal damage
Vascular bedthrombosisocclusion
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Augmentation of Cytotoxicity
HypoxiaLow pHHypoglycemiaRadiationEthanolSome anticancer drugsIncreased permeability
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ChemoThermo-Sensitivity*
Normothermia Hyperthermia**
CDDP 5% 32%VP-16 0% 31%MMC 6% 38%ADM 0% 8%
* MTT assay with 21 gastric cancers** 43C for 1 hour
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Methods of Hyperthermia
Systemic hyperthermiaRegional perfusion hyperthermia
Radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia
Intracavitary hyperthermic perfusion
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Hyperthermic IP Chemotherapy
Postoperative (closed method)Intraoperative (open method)
after reconstructionperitoneal cavity expander
before reconstructioncoliseum technique
manual stirring
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Closed (Postoperative) Method
drugsthermistor
44~45Cpump
40~42C
48~50C
waterbath
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Peritoneal Cavity Expander
filter
drugs
Peritoneal cavity expander
pump
Heat exchanger
43C
42C
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Coliseum Technique
1
8
7
6
54
32
1 1. Chemotherapy reservoir2. In-flow pump3. Out-flow pump4. Heat exchanger5. Temperature probe6. Thermometer7. Temperature probes8. Smoke evacuator9. Thompson retractor
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General Management
Control of intraperitoneal cavitytemperature monitoring
Replacement of serum proteinfresh frozen plasma / human albumin
Prevention of pulmonary edemahemodynamic monitoringdopamin / furosemide
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Clinical Experience
A B CEffect 32% 90%*Therapeutic# 16% no effect 47%Prophylactic† 52%:32%‡ 63%:43%‡
A; Kanazawa, B; Tottori, C; Lyon*Ascites control#2-year survival rate, †5-year survival rate‡P<0.05
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Survival Distribution
0 2 4 6 years
%100
50
0
HIC(-)(n=21)
HIC(+)(n=33)
(With macroscopical residual disease)
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HIC(+)(n=17)
HIC(-)(n=13)
%
50
0
100
0 2 4 6 years
Survival Distribution(After complete cytoreduction)
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Peritonectomy
Peritonectomysystematic peritoneal stripping
Indicationlimited number of metastatic nodules
on the peritoneumwithout other distant metastasis
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vessel
mesothelial cells
fibroblastcancer cells
drugsfibrosis
muscle
Peritonectomy
Heat
Peritoneal cavity
Drug
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Complications
A B C DLeakage 3% 5% 4% 0%BM suppression 9% 0% 0% 6%Renal failure 6% 0% 0% 0%Perforation 2% 5% 0% 6%A; Kanazawa, B; Tottori, C; Lyon, D; Taegu
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34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
0 15 30 45 60
Heat exchanger
Inflow
Tenckhoff
Douglas pouch
Esophageal
Mean TemperaturesC
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Problems To Be Solved
Even distribution of heatEven distribution of drugMorbidity and mortalityDrug combinationSafety considerationsCost (equipments)
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Treatment of AGC
Resection+ Systematic lymphadenectomy+ Perioperative IP Chemotherapy
(IO/with or without heat, EP) + Peritonectomy+ Systemic chemotherapy (?)
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謝謝감사합니다 .
Thank you very much.