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GMA
. Triet-
hylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).1)
.
Hydroxyethyl
methacrylate (HEMA) , TEGDMA
Bis-GMA .
HEMA
,
.2)
,
.
HEMA
,
.
HEMA
, Gerzina Hume3)
TEGDMA HEMA
HEMA .
HEMA
.
, Hamid Hume5) Bis-GMA
TEGDMA HEMA
, , HEMA
1190.21nmol ,
TEGDMA 86.21nmol, Bis-GMA
TEGDMA 10
, Bis-GMA
.
HEMA
,
Munksgaard6) HEMA
7.54 , TEGDMA 8.61
, Bis-GMA 100
.
476
HEMA TEGDMA
diphenyliodoniumchloride
(DPICI) .
TEGDMA
.
HEMA
.
Asmussen Peutzfeldt8) Bis-GMA 25%
75% 75% TEGDMA
50% HEMA
134MPa
, Peutzfeldt Asmussen9) Bis-GMA
20% 20% HEMA
TEGDMA 69MPa
68MPa , 198MPa
.
Peutzfeldt Asmussen10,31) Urethane dimet-
Bis-GMA TEGDMA
, Eliades Palaghias11) HEMA
.
HEMA ,
.
Yap Lee12) HEMA
, Catani-
Lorente13) HEMA
.
HEMA TEGDMA
,
.
HEMA
.
. Bis-GMA TEGDMA HEMA
,
15%, 20%, 25% 30% .
1% 25
75%
. Camphoro-
quinone 0.4% . Aldrich
(Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA) .
TEGDMA HEMA
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 .
8, Bis-GMA
TEGDMA HEMA 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%
,
TEGDMA HEMA
477
dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).
late (HEMA).
Table I .
.
2.
10mm
40
1kg
.
. 10 .
. (4467, Instron
Co., USA)
1mm
,
. 10.
FS=3WL/2bd2
W: Load
L: Distance
b: Width
d: Thickness
2.5cm 2.0cm
.
600
3mm .
37% 60
3mm 1mm
40 .
37 24
, 1mm
. 10
.
2.5cm 2.0cm
.
600
3mm .
10% 30
3mm 1mm
40 .
37 24
478
T-1 21.25 3.75 - 75 100 15%
T-2 20.00 5.00 - 75 100 20%
T-3 18.75 6.25 - 75 100 25%
T-4 17.50 7.50 - 75 100 30%
H-1 21.25 - 3.75 75 100 15%
H-2 20.00 - 5.00 75 100 20%
H-3 18.75 - 6.25 75 100 25%
H-4 17.50 - 7.50 75 100 30%
Unit : Weight %.
Concentration(%)
.
.
1mm 5mm
40 .
37 24 10-4g
.
,
/mm3 .
11
,
,
.
,
.
range test 0.05
,
Two-way ANOVA .
.
1.
3.67mm, 4.57mm, 4.49mm, 4.71mm
, HEMA 4.00mm,
4.21mm, 4.62mm, 4.56mm .
, 25%
.
Fig. 4 .
.
.
(p=0.695)
(p<0.001).
T-1 3.67 0.16 4.40 3.93 3.50 C
T-2 4.57 0.24 5.18 5.02 4.25 A
T-3 4.49 0.36 7.96 5.15 3.93 A
T-4 4.71 0.37 7.96 5.35 4.24 A
H-1 4.00 0.19 4.81 4.26 3.67 B
H-2 4.21 0.27 6.36 4.63 3.87 B
H-3 4.62 0.30 6.51 5.08 4.28 A
H-4 4.56 0.32 7.07 4.88 3.95 A
Unit: mm, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05
level.
Group
120.47MPa, 119.34MPa, 124.85MPa
108.76MPa, 116.33MPa, 118.30MPa, 127.75
MPa .
.
.
Table V ANOVA
(p=0.766)
(p=0.011).
Fig. 3. Comparison of depth of cure. Increase of the
contents of diluents made the depth of cure deeper.
At high contents groups such as 3 or 4, any significant
differences were not detected (Abbreviation,
T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
Fig. 4. Result of regression analysis for depth of cure
obtained by two diluents. Increase of the depth of cure
was obvious.
Table III. Result of ANOVA test for Depth of Cure
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 .010 1 .010 .155 .695
X2 7.730 3 2.577 38.666 .000
2-way Interactions .887 3 .296 4.438 .007
X1 X2 .887 3 .296 4.438 .007
Explained 8.619 7 1.231 18.477 .000
Residual 3.998 60 .067
Total 12.617 67 .188
of F
T-1 112.01 12.82 11.44 129.72 93.48 B
T-2 120.47 11.59 9.62 132.39 99.72 A
T-3 119.34 8.50 7.12 132.17 105.53 A
T-4 124.85 15.16 12.14 143.77 102.63 A
H-1 108.76 18.60 17.10 136.11 74.63 C
H-2 116.33 17.42 14.97 142.88 93.71 A
H-3 118.30 8.67 7.33 129.06 107.39 A
H-4 127.75 14.21 11.12 149.58 107.15 A
Unit: MPa, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
Fig. 5. Comparison of the flexural strength. Slight increase of flexural strength by the increase of the diluents was exhibited. But the significant differences between diluents were not clear (Abbreviation, T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
Fig. 6. Regression analysis result.
Table V. Result of ANOVA test for Flexural Strength
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 17.167 1 17.167 .090 .766
X2 2293.900 3 764.633 3.996 .011
2-way Interactions 102.410 3 34.137 .178 .911
X1 X2 102.410 3 34.137 .178 .911
Explained 2414.166 7 344.881 1.802 .102
Residual 12056.368 63 191.371
Total 14470.534 70 206.722
of F
. TEGDMA
29.13MPa, 30.28MPa, 35.93MPa
26.51MPa , HEMA
14.35MPa, 30.80MPa, 36.31MPa
27.01MPa .
Fig. 7 , T-2 H-2, T-3
H-3, T-4 H-4
.
.
, 25%
.
(p=0.186)
(p<0.001).
bovine enamel. Both of diluents showed the peak at
code-3 groups (Abbreviation, T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
Fig. 8. Result of regression test for enamel bond
strength. At 20%, 25%, 30%, two curves were over-
lapped.
Unit : MPa, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
483
Table VII. Result of ANOVA test for Enamel Bond Strength
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 116.500 1 116.500 1.792 .186
X2 1966.539 3 655.513 10.081 .000
2-way Interactions 635.932 3 211.977 3.260 .028
X1 X2 635.932 3 211.977 3.260 .028
Explained 2766.055 7 395.151 6.077 0.00
Residual 3901.481 60 65.025
Total 6667.536 67 99.515
of F
T-1 8.55 1.19 13.88 9.84 6.71 C
T-2 8.59 1.98 23.01 10.62 6.15 C
T-3 8.31 2.32 27.97 10.95 5.92 C
T-4 11.91 8.98 75.46 29.84 5.37 B
H-1 12.38 5.20 41.98 19.45 7.82 B
H-2 15.07 4.72 31.33 23.03 9.84 A
H-3 13.77 3.83 27.82 22.25 9.28 B
H-4 20.33 4.42 21.74 26.94 12.07 A
Unit: MPa, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
. Table
VIII Fig. 9 .
TEGDMA , 8.55MPa,
8.59MPa, 8.31MPa, 11.91MPa ,
HEMA 12.38MPa, 15.07MPa, 13.77
MPa, 20.33MPa .
TEGDMA
HEMA .
Table IX ANOVA
(p<0.001)
,
(p=0.010).
5.
. TEGDMA 16.60
/mm3, 16.28/mm3, 19.31/mm3, 18.86/mm3
, HEMA
22.93/mm3, 21.08/mm3, 24.02/mm3, 45.32
/mm3 .
HEMA TEGDMA
HEMA 30%
.
HEMA 30%
.
(p=0.002)
, (p=
0.022).
484
Table IX. Result of ANOVA test for Dentin Bond Strength
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 528.128 1 528.128 21.669 .000
X2 304.844 3 101.615 4.169 .000
2-way Interactions 40.213 3 13.404 .550 .651
X1 X2 40.213 3 13.404 .550 .651
Explained 832.865 7 118.981 4.882 0.00
Residual 1194.241 49 24.372
Total 2027.106 56 36.198
of F
HEMA and TEGDMA. HEMA always showed the
higher bond strength to dentin than TEGDMA
(Abbreviation, T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
the higher bond strength of HEMA to dentin
485
T-1 16.60 3.506 21.1 25.87 13.43 B
T-2 16.28 1.318 8.10 19.40 14.93 B
T-3 19.31 2.466 12.8 22.89 15.92 B
T-4 18.86 1.248 6.60 20.90 16.42 B
H-1 22.93 5.220 22.8 37.31 18.41 B
H-2 21.08 1.376 6.50 28.88 19.40 B
H-3 24.02 4.528 18.9 32.84 18.91 B
H-4 45.32 45.60 96.2 173.6 20.90 A
Unit: /mm2, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
increase of water absorption was occured at 30%
HEMA containing monomer group (Abbreviation,
T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
monomer. TEGDMA showed almost unchanged
trends compared to HEMA.
Table XI. Result of ANOVA test for Water Absorption
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 .002 1 .002 10.014 .002
X2 .003 3 .001 3.382 .022
2-way Interactions .002 3 .001 2.515 .064
X1 X2 .002 3 .001 2.515 .064
Explained .007 7 .001 3.958 0.01
Residual .020 80 .000
Total .027 87 .000
of F
HEMA ,
.
Fig. 13 . HEMA
,
.
50% 15% 25%
. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
(HEMA)
30% 55% .14)
HEMA
Qvist15) ,
Asmussen16) .
HEMA ,
Gerzina Hume3) .
TEGDMA HEMA
, TEGDMA
50nmol HEMA
150nmol
HEMA
.
HEMA
HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatograph)
. Bis-GMA
, TEGDMA
HEMA 13
.
,18)
486
Unit: /mm2, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
,
.
HEMA TEGDMA
Bis-GMA 30%
20.33MPa 11.91
MPa HEMA
.
Bis-GMA 25%
30% .
7.5% HEMA
7.5%
.
HEMA
,
.
24
HEMA
,
.
HEMA TEGDMA
Bis-GMA 15% 30%
.
.
Bis-GMA
25%
.19)
HEMA
. Donly
Ingram20)
,
.
HEMA
.
Dragoo21)
HEMA
Qvist23) ,
HEMA
,
.
Camphoroquinone (CQ) Diphenyliod-
,
TEGDMA DPICI .
.
Bis-GMA HEMA
TEGDMA .
Bis-GMA
.
Peutzfeldt Asmussen10)
, TEGDMA
126MPa 155MPa
.
.
50%
.
.
,
.
487
75.2% ,
.
Peutzfeldt28)
.
.
.
.
Asmussen Peutzfeldt8) Bis-GMA
25% , 75% ,
75% TEGDMA , TEGDMA 25%
UDMA 25% , TEGDMA 25%
UDMA 25% HEMA 25% ,
TEGDMA 25% HEMA 50% 4
. 53MPa,
58MPa, 60MPa, 55MPa ,
134MPa, 181MPa, 186MPa 134MPa
. TEG-
DMA 75% TEGDMA 25% HEMA
50% ,
53MPa 55MPa HEMA
, 134MPa
. TEGDMA 124.85
MPa HEMA 127.75MPa
HEMA .
Asmussen Peutzfeldt8)
.
Asmussen Peutzfeldt29) TEGDMA
30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%
52MPa, 52MPa, 52MPa, 54MPa,
53MPa , 140MPa, 149MPa,
152MPa, 140MPa, 141MPa 50%
.
, Asmussen
Peutzfeldt8) UDMA
.
.
.
Wendt30)
HEMA
TEGDMA
.
Peutzfeldt Asmussen31) Bis-GMA TEGDMA
.
Bis-GMA
,
,
.
Bis-GMA
,
.
, HEMA
, Eliades Palaghias11) HEMA
.
,
.
TEGDMA Matsukawa33)
. UDMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA,
MMA , ,
. 2.71%, 3.17%, 5.85%,
2.27% TEGDMA Bis-GMA
. HEMA
.
Yap Lee12) HEMA
488
.
.
Catani-Lorente13) HEMA
,
.
,
. Lee35)
.
.
Arima36)
, Tanaka36) O-methacryloyl-N- acryl tyrosines
(MAATY) , Fukushima38)
N-methylolacrylamide (MEAA) N-methylol-
, MEAA 5
.
HEMA TEGDMA
, ,
,
.
.
,
.
TEGDMA HEMA .
.
,
15%, 20%, 25%, 30% ,
8
. 25% TEGDMA
.
,
. 10
,
,
, 0.05 Duncan's
test ,
Two-way ANOVA test .
.
1. HEMA TEGDMA
(p>0.05).
(p<0.05) .
TEGDMA
(p<0.001).
(p<0.01).
in restorative resins, Acta.Odontol.Scand.,
and enamel-bonding agents, Curr.
monomers through dentin in vitro,
J.Dent.Res., 74:369-73, 1995.
of monomers from bonding resin-resin
composite combinations through dentine in
vitro, J.Dent., 24:125-8, 1996.
of dentine thickness on diffusion of resin
monomers in vitro, J.Oral Rehabil., 24:20-
5, 1997.
tective gloves to (di)methacrylates in
resinous dental materials, Scand.J.Dent.
G. : Residual monomer/additive release and
variability in cytotoxicity of light-curing
glass- ionomer cements and compomers,
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lay technique, Scand.J.Dent. Res., 98:564-
7, 1990.
lected mechanical properties of heat-cured
resin composites, J.Dent.Res., 70:1537-41,
chanical properties of resin composites,
J.Dent.Res., 71:1522-4, 1992.
characterization of visible light-cured
203, 1993.
and solubility of resin-modified polyalkenoate
cements, J.Oral Rehabil., 24:310-4, 1997.
13. Cattani-Lorente, M.A., Dupuis, V., Moya,
F., Payan, J., and Meyer, J.M. : Comp-
arative study of the physical properties of
a polyacid-modified composite resin and a
resin-modified glass ionomer cement,
Effect of HEMA on bonding to dentin,
Dent.Mater., 8:125-30, 1992.
: Microstructure of inner surfaces on com-
posite restorations related to filling pro-
cedure, Scand.J.Dent.Res., 85:561-6,
system, J.Dent.Res., 70:1290-3, 1991.
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dentin in vitro, Endod.Dent.Traumatol.,
of hydrogels. I. Poly (2-hydroxyethyl
methacrylate), J.Biomed.Mater.Res.,
9:315-26, 1975.
M.F., Consani, S., and Sobrinho, L.C. :
Effect of the photo-activation method on
polymerization shrinkage of restorative
composites, Oper.Dent., 27:192-8, 2002.
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ionomer liners, ASDC J.Dent.Child.,
specific periodontal lesions, Int.J.Periodontics
Restorative Dent., 17:75-87, 1997.
for use in pediatric dentistry, ASDC
J.Dent.Child., 64:131- 4, 1997.
490
performed with different acid-etch restora-
tive procedures, Acta Odontol.Scand.,
Proust, J.P. : Comparison of the in-
traosseous biocompatibility of Dyract and
Super EBA, J.Endod., 23:315-9, 1997.
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H. : A commercially available cell culture
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Dutton, F.B., and Osborne, J.W. : Effect
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17:50-6, 1992.
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J.Dent.Res., 73:511-5, 1994.
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TEGDMA on selected mechanical proper-
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Dent.Mater., 14:51-6, 1998.
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Odontol. Scand., 55:94-100, 1997.
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N-methylolacrylamide or N-methylol-
ty of a resin composite after 5 years.
491
Department of Prosthodontics, Division of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
#1, Hoigi-Dong, Dongdaimun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
[email protected]
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare HEMA and TEGDMA as diluents for the
composite resin.
Material and methods : Eight kinds of experimental light curable composite resins were pre-
pared and used. Concentrations of monomer and filler were same for all experimental compos-
ites, except, the diluent's ratios to the monomer. The ratio of diluents to Bis-GMA were 15%, 20%,
25%, and 30%, and two kinds of diluents were used, so total experimental groups were eight includ-
ing one control group of 25% TEGDMA.
Results : Depth of cure, flexural strength, shear bond strength to bovine enamel, shear bond
strength to bovine dentin, water absorption and solubility of composites in water were measured.
Sample size for each groups were 10. Arithmetic means were used as each groups representative
values, and regression test for two diluents and four concentrations, Duncan's multiple range test,
and Two-way ANOVA test were done for kinds of diluents and its concentrations at level of 0.05.
Conclusion :
Following results were obtained;
1. There were not significant differences in effects of HEMA and TEGDMA to depth of cure, flex-
ural strength of composites and shear bond strength to bovine enamel (p>0.05).
2. Increase of the concentrations of the diluents made the depth of cure (p<0.001) and flexural
strength (p<0.05) a little higher.
3. Shear bond strength to dentin was higher on HEMA containing composites than TEGDMA
containing composites (p<0.001).
4. Water absorption was higher on HEMA containing composites than TEGDMA containing com-
posites (p<0.01).
EFFECT OF HEMA AND TEGDMA ON THE PROPERTIES OF EXPERIMENTAL COMPOSITE RESINS
Man-Hyun Han, D.M.D., M.S.D., Boo-Byung Choi, D.M.D., D.D.Sc.,
Yi-Hyung Woo, D.M.D., M.S.D., Ph.D.
Department of Prosthodontics, Division of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Kores
492
ABSTRACT
. Triet-
hylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).1)
.
Hydroxyethyl
methacrylate (HEMA) , TEGDMA
Bis-GMA .
HEMA
,
.2)
,
.
HEMA
,
.
HEMA
, Gerzina Hume3)
TEGDMA HEMA
HEMA .
HEMA
.
, Hamid Hume5) Bis-GMA
TEGDMA HEMA
, , HEMA
1190.21nmol ,
TEGDMA 86.21nmol, Bis-GMA
TEGDMA 10
, Bis-GMA
.
HEMA
,
Munksgaard6) HEMA
7.54 , TEGDMA 8.61
, Bis-GMA 100
.
476
HEMA TEGDMA
diphenyliodoniumchloride
(DPICI) .
TEGDMA
.
HEMA
.
Asmussen Peutzfeldt8) Bis-GMA 25%
75% 75% TEGDMA
50% HEMA
134MPa
, Peutzfeldt Asmussen9) Bis-GMA
20% 20% HEMA
TEGDMA 69MPa
68MPa , 198MPa
.
Peutzfeldt Asmussen10,31) Urethane dimet-
Bis-GMA TEGDMA
, Eliades Palaghias11) HEMA
.
HEMA ,
.
Yap Lee12) HEMA
, Catani-
Lorente13) HEMA
.
HEMA TEGDMA
,
.
HEMA
.
. Bis-GMA TEGDMA HEMA
,
15%, 20%, 25% 30% .
1% 25
75%
. Camphoro-
quinone 0.4% . Aldrich
(Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA) .
TEGDMA HEMA
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 .
8, Bis-GMA
TEGDMA HEMA 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%
,
TEGDMA HEMA
477
dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).
late (HEMA).
Table I .
.
2.
10mm
40
1kg
.
. 10 .
. (4467, Instron
Co., USA)
1mm
,
. 10.
FS=3WL/2bd2
W: Load
L: Distance
b: Width
d: Thickness
2.5cm 2.0cm
.
600
3mm .
37% 60
3mm 1mm
40 .
37 24
, 1mm
. 10
.
2.5cm 2.0cm
.
600
3mm .
10% 30
3mm 1mm
40 .
37 24
478
T-1 21.25 3.75 - 75 100 15%
T-2 20.00 5.00 - 75 100 20%
T-3 18.75 6.25 - 75 100 25%
T-4 17.50 7.50 - 75 100 30%
H-1 21.25 - 3.75 75 100 15%
H-2 20.00 - 5.00 75 100 20%
H-3 18.75 - 6.25 75 100 25%
H-4 17.50 - 7.50 75 100 30%
Unit : Weight %.
Concentration(%)
.
.
1mm 5mm
40 .
37 24 10-4g
.
,
/mm3 .
11
,
,
.
,
.
range test 0.05
,
Two-way ANOVA .
.
1.
3.67mm, 4.57mm, 4.49mm, 4.71mm
, HEMA 4.00mm,
4.21mm, 4.62mm, 4.56mm .
, 25%
.
Fig. 4 .
.
.
(p=0.695)
(p<0.001).
T-1 3.67 0.16 4.40 3.93 3.50 C
T-2 4.57 0.24 5.18 5.02 4.25 A
T-3 4.49 0.36 7.96 5.15 3.93 A
T-4 4.71 0.37 7.96 5.35 4.24 A
H-1 4.00 0.19 4.81 4.26 3.67 B
H-2 4.21 0.27 6.36 4.63 3.87 B
H-3 4.62 0.30 6.51 5.08 4.28 A
H-4 4.56 0.32 7.07 4.88 3.95 A
Unit: mm, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05
level.
Group
120.47MPa, 119.34MPa, 124.85MPa
108.76MPa, 116.33MPa, 118.30MPa, 127.75
MPa .
.
.
Table V ANOVA
(p=0.766)
(p=0.011).
Fig. 3. Comparison of depth of cure. Increase of the
contents of diluents made the depth of cure deeper.
At high contents groups such as 3 or 4, any significant
differences were not detected (Abbreviation,
T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
Fig. 4. Result of regression analysis for depth of cure
obtained by two diluents. Increase of the depth of cure
was obvious.
Table III. Result of ANOVA test for Depth of Cure
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 .010 1 .010 .155 .695
X2 7.730 3 2.577 38.666 .000
2-way Interactions .887 3 .296 4.438 .007
X1 X2 .887 3 .296 4.438 .007
Explained 8.619 7 1.231 18.477 .000
Residual 3.998 60 .067
Total 12.617 67 .188
of F
T-1 112.01 12.82 11.44 129.72 93.48 B
T-2 120.47 11.59 9.62 132.39 99.72 A
T-3 119.34 8.50 7.12 132.17 105.53 A
T-4 124.85 15.16 12.14 143.77 102.63 A
H-1 108.76 18.60 17.10 136.11 74.63 C
H-2 116.33 17.42 14.97 142.88 93.71 A
H-3 118.30 8.67 7.33 129.06 107.39 A
H-4 127.75 14.21 11.12 149.58 107.15 A
Unit: MPa, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
Fig. 5. Comparison of the flexural strength. Slight increase of flexural strength by the increase of the diluents was exhibited. But the significant differences between diluents were not clear (Abbreviation, T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
Fig. 6. Regression analysis result.
Table V. Result of ANOVA test for Flexural Strength
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 17.167 1 17.167 .090 .766
X2 2293.900 3 764.633 3.996 .011
2-way Interactions 102.410 3 34.137 .178 .911
X1 X2 102.410 3 34.137 .178 .911
Explained 2414.166 7 344.881 1.802 .102
Residual 12056.368 63 191.371
Total 14470.534 70 206.722
of F
. TEGDMA
29.13MPa, 30.28MPa, 35.93MPa
26.51MPa , HEMA
14.35MPa, 30.80MPa, 36.31MPa
27.01MPa .
Fig. 7 , T-2 H-2, T-3
H-3, T-4 H-4
.
.
, 25%
.
(p=0.186)
(p<0.001).
bovine enamel. Both of diluents showed the peak at
code-3 groups (Abbreviation, T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
Fig. 8. Result of regression test for enamel bond
strength. At 20%, 25%, 30%, two curves were over-
lapped.
Unit : MPa, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
483
Table VII. Result of ANOVA test for Enamel Bond Strength
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 116.500 1 116.500 1.792 .186
X2 1966.539 3 655.513 10.081 .000
2-way Interactions 635.932 3 211.977 3.260 .028
X1 X2 635.932 3 211.977 3.260 .028
Explained 2766.055 7 395.151 6.077 0.00
Residual 3901.481 60 65.025
Total 6667.536 67 99.515
of F
T-1 8.55 1.19 13.88 9.84 6.71 C
T-2 8.59 1.98 23.01 10.62 6.15 C
T-3 8.31 2.32 27.97 10.95 5.92 C
T-4 11.91 8.98 75.46 29.84 5.37 B
H-1 12.38 5.20 41.98 19.45 7.82 B
H-2 15.07 4.72 31.33 23.03 9.84 A
H-3 13.77 3.83 27.82 22.25 9.28 B
H-4 20.33 4.42 21.74 26.94 12.07 A
Unit: MPa, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
. Table
VIII Fig. 9 .
TEGDMA , 8.55MPa,
8.59MPa, 8.31MPa, 11.91MPa ,
HEMA 12.38MPa, 15.07MPa, 13.77
MPa, 20.33MPa .
TEGDMA
HEMA .
Table IX ANOVA
(p<0.001)
,
(p=0.010).
5.
. TEGDMA 16.60
/mm3, 16.28/mm3, 19.31/mm3, 18.86/mm3
, HEMA
22.93/mm3, 21.08/mm3, 24.02/mm3, 45.32
/mm3 .
HEMA TEGDMA
HEMA 30%
.
HEMA 30%
.
(p=0.002)
, (p=
0.022).
484
Table IX. Result of ANOVA test for Dentin Bond Strength
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 528.128 1 528.128 21.669 .000
X2 304.844 3 101.615 4.169 .000
2-way Interactions 40.213 3 13.404 .550 .651
X1 X2 40.213 3 13.404 .550 .651
Explained 832.865 7 118.981 4.882 0.00
Residual 1194.241 49 24.372
Total 2027.106 56 36.198
of F
HEMA and TEGDMA. HEMA always showed the
higher bond strength to dentin than TEGDMA
(Abbreviation, T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
the higher bond strength of HEMA to dentin
485
T-1 16.60 3.506 21.1 25.87 13.43 B
T-2 16.28 1.318 8.10 19.40 14.93 B
T-3 19.31 2.466 12.8 22.89 15.92 B
T-4 18.86 1.248 6.60 20.90 16.42 B
H-1 22.93 5.220 22.8 37.31 18.41 B
H-2 21.08 1.376 6.50 28.88 19.40 B
H-3 24.02 4.528 18.9 32.84 18.91 B
H-4 45.32 45.60 96.2 173.6 20.90 A
Unit: /mm2, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
increase of water absorption was occured at 30%
HEMA containing monomer group (Abbreviation,
T:TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
monomer. TEGDMA showed almost unchanged
trends compared to HEMA.
Table XI. Result of ANOVA test for Water Absorption
A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E
SCORE
X1 .002 1 .002 10.014 .002
X2 .003 3 .001 3.382 .022
2-way Interactions .002 3 .001 2.515 .064
X1 X2 .002 3 .001 2.515 .064
Explained .007 7 .001 3.958 0.01
Residual .020 80 .000
Total .027 87 .000
of F
HEMA ,
.
Fig. 13 . HEMA
,
.
50% 15% 25%
. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
(HEMA)
30% 55% .14)
HEMA
Qvist15) ,
Asmussen16) .
HEMA ,
Gerzina Hume3) .
TEGDMA HEMA
, TEGDMA
50nmol HEMA
150nmol
HEMA
.
HEMA
HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatograph)
. Bis-GMA
, TEGDMA
HEMA 13
.
,18)
486
Unit: /mm2, S.D.: Standard Deviation, C.V.: Coefficient of Variance.
Same characters written in column of Duncan's group mean no statistical differences between groups at 0.05 level.
Groups Mean S.D. C.V. Max. Min. Duncan's
Group
TEGDMA, H:HEMA).
,
.
HEMA TEGDMA
Bis-GMA 30%
20.33MPa 11.91
MPa HEMA
.
Bis-GMA 25%
30% .
7.5% HEMA
7.5%
.
HEMA
,
.
24
HEMA
,
.
HEMA TEGDMA
Bis-GMA 15% 30%
.
.
Bis-GMA
25%
.19)
HEMA
. Donly
Ingram20)
,
.
HEMA
.
Dragoo21)
HEMA
Qvist23) ,
HEMA
,
.
Camphoroquinone (CQ) Diphenyliod-
,
TEGDMA DPICI .
.
Bis-GMA HEMA
TEGDMA .
Bis-GMA
.
Peutzfeldt Asmussen10)
, TEGDMA
126MPa 155MPa
.
.
50%
.
.
,
.
487
75.2% ,
.
Peutzfeldt28)
.
.
.
.
Asmussen Peutzfeldt8) Bis-GMA
25% , 75% ,
75% TEGDMA , TEGDMA 25%
UDMA 25% , TEGDMA 25%
UDMA 25% HEMA 25% ,
TEGDMA 25% HEMA 50% 4
. 53MPa,
58MPa, 60MPa, 55MPa ,
134MPa, 181MPa, 186MPa 134MPa
. TEG-
DMA 75% TEGDMA 25% HEMA
50% ,
53MPa 55MPa HEMA
, 134MPa
. TEGDMA 124.85
MPa HEMA 127.75MPa
HEMA .
Asmussen Peutzfeldt8)
.
Asmussen Peutzfeldt29) TEGDMA
30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%
52MPa, 52MPa, 52MPa, 54MPa,
53MPa , 140MPa, 149MPa,
152MPa, 140MPa, 141MPa 50%
.
, Asmussen
Peutzfeldt8) UDMA
.
.
.
Wendt30)
HEMA
TEGDMA
.
Peutzfeldt Asmussen31) Bis-GMA TEGDMA
.
Bis-GMA
,
,
.
Bis-GMA
,
.
, HEMA
, Eliades Palaghias11) HEMA
.
,
.
TEGDMA Matsukawa33)
. UDMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA,
MMA , ,
. 2.71%, 3.17%, 5.85%,
2.27% TEGDMA Bis-GMA
. HEMA
.
Yap Lee12) HEMA
488
.
.
Catani-Lorente13) HEMA
,
.
,
. Lee35)
.
.
Arima36)
, Tanaka36) O-methacryloyl-N- acryl tyrosines
(MAATY) , Fukushima38)
N-methylolacrylamide (MEAA) N-methylol-
, MEAA 5
.
HEMA TEGDMA
, ,
,
.
.
,
.
TEGDMA HEMA .
.
,
15%, 20%, 25%, 30% ,
8
. 25% TEGDMA
.
,
. 10
,
,
, 0.05 Duncan's
test ,
Two-way ANOVA test .
.
1. HEMA TEGDMA
(p>0.05).
(p<0.05) .
TEGDMA
(p<0.001).
(p<0.01).
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ty of a resin composite after 5 years.
491
Department of Prosthodontics, Division of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
#1, Hoigi-Dong, Dongdaimun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
[email protected]
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare HEMA and TEGDMA as diluents for the
composite resin.
Material and methods : Eight kinds of experimental light curable composite resins were pre-
pared and used. Concentrations of monomer and filler were same for all experimental compos-
ites, except, the diluent's ratios to the monomer. The ratio of diluents to Bis-GMA were 15%, 20%,
25%, and 30%, and two kinds of diluents were used, so total experimental groups were eight includ-
ing one control group of 25% TEGDMA.
Results : Depth of cure, flexural strength, shear bond strength to bovine enamel, shear bond
strength to bovine dentin, water absorption and solubility of composites in water were measured.
Sample size for each groups were 10. Arithmetic means were used as each groups representative
values, and regression test for two diluents and four concentrations, Duncan's multiple range test,
and Two-way ANOVA test were done for kinds of diluents and its concentrations at level of 0.05.
Conclusion :
Following results were obtained;
1. There were not significant differences in effects of HEMA and TEGDMA to depth of cure, flex-
ural strength of composites and shear bond strength to bovine enamel (p>0.05).
2. Increase of the concentrations of the diluents made the depth of cure (p<0.001) and flexural
strength (p<0.05) a little higher.
3. Shear bond strength to dentin was higher on HEMA containing composites than TEGDMA
containing composites (p<0.001).
4. Water absorption was higher on HEMA containing composites than TEGDMA containing com-
posites (p<0.01).
EFFECT OF HEMA AND TEGDMA ON THE PROPERTIES OF EXPERIMENTAL COMPOSITE RESINS
Man-Hyun Han, D.M.D., M.S.D., Boo-Byung Choi, D.M.D., D.D.Sc.,
Yi-Hyung Woo, D.M.D., M.S.D., Ph.D.
Department of Prosthodontics, Division of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Kores
492
ABSTRACT
