Use Of Hydroponic Fodder as a replacement to Concentrate Feed to Dairy Cattle or Buffaloes. (Or) Nutritive evaluation of Hydroponic fodder and its Potential as feed to Dairy Cattle or Buffaloes

Use Of Hydroponic Fodder as a replacement to Concentrate Feed to Dairy Cattle or Buffaloes.

(Or)

Nutritive evaluation of Hydroponic fodder and its Potential as feed to Dairy Cattle or BuffaloesWhat is HydroponicsThe name comes from two Greek words: hydro (water) and ponos (to work, labor), and literally means water works.

In hydroponics, soil is replaced by inert media such as perlite, vermiculite, horticultural Rockwool, sand, or fired clay pebbles to which the necessary elements for growth are added in the form of a nutrient solution.Article 1) page 62HISTORY- HOW AND WHERE IT STARTEDDr. W. F. Gericke Late 1920s and Early 1930sUSABasic idea had even older historyArticle 2) page 13

3"Hydroponics" is a relatively new term generally creditedto Dr. W. F. Gericke who first developed procedures to growplants in a nutrient solution on a large scale in the late1920's and early 1930's (Butler & Oebker--196Z).The basic principles are anything but new, having theirroots in the work of Woodvlard, an English scientist. "who.in 1699 attempted to grow plants in water collected frommany sources (Vlithrow & Withrow--1948).In the middle of the 19th Cen-tury Jean Boussingault, aFrench chemist, verified the nutritional requirements ofplants grown without soil and, by 1860, the techniques of"nutricul ture" Vlere being perfected by Sachs and Knopworking independently in England (Hoagland & Arnon--1938).Working PrincipleSupply cereal grain with necessary moisture and nutrients, to enable germination and plant growth in absence of solid growing medium.

Quality and Quantity influenced by:

Grain-quality, variety and treatment.Growing environment- Temp, Humidity and influence of mouldManagement of system- Water quality, pH, soaking time, nutrient sol, density etcTypes of Systems Article 5Static

FlowingIndividual containerNutrient Film techniqueIntermittent sub IrrigationRoot misting MembraneSystem OperationHarvesting mature fodder

Cleaning trays

Sowing new grain

Adjusting nutrient flows

Topping up Nutrient and acid supplies

Feeding out

Nutrient ChangesDry matter

Energy

Digestibility

Protein

Vitamins

Animal performanceControls to be MaintainedConcentration control

pH control

Oxygen Level

Water purity

Microorganisms AdvantagesCrops can be produced on non-arable land (not fit for farming).Isolation from diseases or insect pests usually found in the soil.Direct and immediate control over the rhizosphere.High planting densities are possible which minimizes use of land area so, more efficient use of space.Higher yields are possible.Efficient use of water and nutrients.No weeding or cultivation is needed.Virtual indifference to the seasons and Control over the aerial (upper) portions of the plant to achieve higher yields.The greenhouse can be a physical barrier to insects and diseases.Article 3) page 1-3

Why?????Q. Why have scientists and horticulturists experimented with different methods of hydroponics?

A. It is a simple fact that some people cannot grow in the soil in their area (if there is even any soil at all).

AdvantagesFaster Growth- Hydroponics works by automatically getting the complete nutrient mixture and water to the roots without drowning the plant. Plants get everything they need all the time, so they do not waste growing a lot of roots or searching for nutrients.AdvantagesNo Weeds or Pests- Gardening without soil eliminates the weeds do you do not need weed sprays. Also, because there are no weeds, there will be no backache from a hoe or rototiller. Since most pests live and breed in the soil, you do not need to use pesticides or other toxic chemicals.AdvantagesGreat Plant Quality and Taste- Since the plants get everything it needs, all the time, it will reward you with great taste, strong and fast growth, and overall plant quality.AdvantagesGrow in Any Condition- Systems may be constructed and used in any location from space to under water exploration.Smaller Growing AreaBriefly- Some Major AdvantagesArticle 7 Page 21) Land Requirement2) Water RequirementArticle 6a page 113) Growth Period Article 6a page 144) Nutritional AdvantageArticle 6a page 16Digestibility 90-95 % against 30 % in unsprouted grains .

Vitamin analysis based on single 6-day grass sample (mg/kg DM)

Article 9 page 21Barley GrainBarley GrassVitamin E7.462.4Beta Carotene4.142.7Biotin0.161.15Free Folic Acid0.121.05Studies on Different FoddersBarley

Maize

Oats

WheatWHEAT

Article 5According to the author the organic constitutionals can vary by as much as +5%, the mineral constitutionals can vary by as much as + 30% and the energy values can vary by up to +10%ItemHydroponically produced WheatWheat pastureDry Matter %2221Carbohydrates(g/Kg)330380Crude Fiber (g/Kg)65180Crude Fat (g/Kg)9340Total Digestible Energy (MJ/Kg)187187Crude Protein (g/Kg)288200Ca (g/Kg)2.93.5P (g/Kg)93.6OATS Article 6Ingredient (%)Oats Grass (DM basis)Oats GrainDry Matter 13.489.7Crude Protein20.712.3Crude Fiber21.210.1NFE48.969.5EE4.94.9Ash4.33.2Maize Article 7 NutrientConventional green fodder(DM Basis)Hydroponic Green Fodder(DM Basis)Protein10.6713.57Ether Extract2.273.49Crude Fiber25.9214.07Nitrogen Free Extract51.7866.72Total Ash9.363.84Acid Insoluble Ash1.40.33BARLEY Article 24GrainSproutDM90.590.2GE15.315CP12.615.4Ash24.3Ca (micro g/g DM)0.030.06P (micro g/g DM)

0.220.26Cu (micro g/g DM)

5.113.4Zn (micro g/g DM)

16.723Applications For Livestock Article 24Dairy Cattle

Used as replacement to concentrate feed and studied

Body weight remained almost stable

Milk production line is almost unaffected

Thus a mat of approx. 7 kg (1kg DM) could replace 3 kg of conc.

It means money - $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Article

2) Rabbit feed

Feed intake Hydroponics fodder- DM 270g Control Diet- DM 165g

Weight gain Recorded once a week for 4 weeks

Group treated with hydroponic fodder had higher growth rate all 4 times Beef Cattle

(No advantage) - McFate (1963) fed

3 pens of 10 beef cattle with an average starting live weight of 342 kg.

Oat GrainOat GrassCornHayWeight gain(After 98 days)Avg daily gainCost/Kg live wt gainGroup A2.27 kg ---2.27 kg1 kg535 g$ 0.65Group B ---From 2.27 kg grains2.27 kg1 kg535 g$ 1.25Group CFrom 2.27 kg grainsAd lib1 kg463$ 1.52Feed intake Weight gain Feed efficiency Nutrient digestibility Milk yield References Effect of sprouted grainsNo effectNo effect--Fazaeli et al., 2011-Fayed, 2011No effectNo effectNo effect--Rule et al., 1986No effect---No effectReddy et al., 1991--No effect-Hillier and Perry, 1969No effect---Eshtayeh, 2004Effect of sprouted grains in ruminantsFeed intakeGrowth performance Nutrient digestibility Layer performance References Effect of sprouted grainsNo effectNo effect-Fafiolu et al., 2006No effect--Abbas and Musharaf, 2008-Oduguwa and Farolu, 2004No effectNo effect--Scott, 2002-

-Bamforth, 1982--Hamid, 2001 Effect of sprouted grains in poultryTHANK YOUChinnam Harish KhannaGVM/13-22Department of Animal Nutrition