ddddddSeminar

on HY-WIRE CAR

Presented bydeepaksubudhi456@gmail.com

IntroductionIntroduction Cars are immensely Cars are immensely complicated machines, but complicated machines, but when you get down to it, when you get down to it, they do an incredibly simple they do an incredibly simple job. Most of the complex job. Most of the complex stuff in a car is dedicated to stuff in a car is dedicated to turning wheels, which grip turning wheels, which grip the road to the road to pullpull the car body the car body and passengers along.and passengers along. In this article, we'll look at one interesting vision of the future, General Motor's remarkable concept car, the Hy-wire.

HY-WIRE BASICSHY-WIRE BASICS

• The defining characteristic of the Hy-wire (and its conceptual The defining characteristic of the Hy-wire (and its conceptual predecessor, the AUTOnomy) is that it doesn't have either of these predecessor, the AUTOnomy) is that it doesn't have either of these two things. two things.

• Instead of an engine, it has a Instead of an engine, it has a fuel cell stack, which powers an stack, which powers an electric motor connected to the wheels. connected to the wheels.

• Instead of mechanical and hydraulic linkages, it has a Instead of mechanical and hydraulic linkages, it has a drive by drive by wirewire system -- a system -- a computer actually operates the components that actually operates the components that move the wheels, activate the brakes and so on, based on input move the wheels, activate the brakes and so on, based on input from an electronic controller. This is the same control system from an electronic controller. This is the same control system employed in employed in modern fighter jets as well as many commercial as well as many commercial planes. .

• There is no steering wheel, There is no steering wheel, there are no pedals and there are no pedals and there is no engine there is no engine compartment.compartment.

• In fact, every piece of In fact, every piece of equipment that actually equipment that actually moves the car along the moves the car along the road is housed in an 11-inch-road is housed in an 11-inch-thick (28 cm) aluminum thick (28 cm) aluminum chassis -- also known as the chassis -- also known as the skateboardskateboard -- at the base of -- at the base of the car. the car.

• Everything above the chassis Everything above the chassis is dedicated solely to driver is dedicated solely to driver control and passenger control and passenger comfort. comfort.

• The floor of the fiberglass-The floor of the fiberglass-and-steel passenger and-steel passenger compartment can be totally compartment can be totally flat, and it’s easy to give flat, and it’s easy to give every seat lots of leg room.every seat lots of leg room.

PowerPower• The "Hy" in Hy-wire stands for The "Hy" in Hy-wire stands for hydrogenhydrogen, ,

the standard fuel for a the standard fuel for a fuel cell system. system.

• Like Like batteries, fuel cells have a negatively , fuel cells have a negatively charged terminal and a positively charged charged terminal and a positively charged terminal that propel electrical charge terminal that propel electrical charge through a circuit connected to each end. through a circuit connected to each end. They are also similar to batteries in that They are also similar to batteries in that they generate electricity from a they generate electricity from a chemical chemical reactionreaction. .

• But unlike a battery, you can continually But unlike a battery, you can continually recharge a fuel cell by adding chemical fuel recharge a fuel cell by adding chemical fuel -- in this case, hydrogen from an onboard -- in this case, hydrogen from an onboard storage tank and oxygen from the storage tank and oxygen from the atmosphere.atmosphere.

Hydrogen tanks and fuel-Hydrogen tanks and fuel-cell stack in the Hy-wirecell stack in the Hy-wire

Contd…Contd…• The basic idea is to use a catalyst to split a hydrogen molecule The basic idea is to use a catalyst to split a hydrogen molecule

(H2) into two H protons (H+, positively charged single hydrogen (H2) into two H protons (H+, positively charged single hydrogen atoms) and two electrons (e-). Oxygen on the ) and two electrons (e-). Oxygen on the cathodecathode (positively charged) side of the fuel cell draws H+ ions from the (positively charged) side of the fuel cell draws H+ ions from the anode side through a anode side through a proton exchange membraneproton exchange membrane, but , but blocks the flow of electrons. blocks the flow of electrons.

• The electrons (which have a negative charge) are attracted to The electrons (which have a negative charge) are attracted to the protons (which have a positive charge) on the other side of the protons (which have a positive charge) on the other side of the membrane, but they have to move through the the membrane, but they have to move through the electrical circuit to get there. to get there.

• The fuel-cell stack in the Hy-wire is made up of 200 individual The fuel-cell stack in the Hy-wire is made up of 200 individual cells connected in cells connected in seriesseries, which collectively provide , which collectively provide 94 94 kilowattskilowatts of continuous power and 129 kilowatts at peak of continuous power and 129 kilowatts at peak power. re. rage tank and oxygen from the atmosphere. power. re. rage tank and oxygen from the atmosphere.

• This system delivers This system delivers DC voltage ranging from 125 to 200 volts, ranging from 125 to 200 volts, depending on the load in the circuit. depending on the load in the circuit.

• The The motor controller boosts this up to 250 to 380 volts and boosts this up to 250 to 380 volts and converts it to AC current to drive the converts it to AC current to drive the three-phase electric three-phase electric motormotor that rotates the wheels (this is similar to the system that rotates the wheels (this is similar to the system used in conventional used in conventional electric cars).).

ControlControl• The Hy-wire's "brain" is a central computer The Hy-wire's "brain" is a central computer

housed in the middle of the chassis. It housed in the middle of the chassis. It sends electronic signals to the sends electronic signals to the motor control unit to vary the speed, the control unit to vary the speed, the steering mechanism to maneuver the car, and the mechanism to maneuver the car, and the braking system to slow the car down. braking system to slow the car down.

• The computer connects to the body's The computer connects to the body's electronics through a single electronics through a single universal universal docking portdocking port. .

• The driver's control unit, dubbed the The driver's control unit, dubbed the X-X-drivedrive, is a lot closer to a , is a lot closer to a video game video game controllercontroller than a conventional steering than a conventional steering wheel and pedal arrangement. The wheel and pedal arrangement. The controller has two ergonomic grips, controller has two ergonomic grips, positioned to the left and right of a small positioned to the left and right of a small LCD monitor LCD monitor

Contd…Contd…

Components of the HY-WIRE car

Contd…Contd…• The 5.8-inch (14.7-cm) color monitor The 5.8-inch (14.7-cm) color monitor

in the center of the controller displays in the center of the controller displays all the stuff you'd normally find on the all the stuff you'd normally find on the dashboard (speed, mileage, fuel level). dashboard (speed, mileage, fuel level).

• One of the coolest things about the One of the coolest things about the drive-by-wire system is that you can drive-by-wire system is that you can fine-tune vehicle handling without fine-tune vehicle handling without changing anything in the car's changing anything in the car's mechanical components -- all it takes mechanical components -- all it takes to adjust the steering, accelerator or to adjust the steering, accelerator or brake sensitivity is some new brake sensitivity is some new computer software.computer software.

X-drive of Hy-WIRE carX-drive of Hy-WIRE car

The X-drive can slide to either side of The X-drive can slide to either side of the vehicle.the vehicle.

Hy-wire NumbersHy-wire Numbers Top speed: 100 miles per hour (161 kph) Top speed: 100 miles per hour (161 kph) Weight: 4,185 pounds (1,898 kg) Weight: 4,185 pounds (1,898 kg) Chassis length: 14 feet, 3 inches (4.3 meters) Chassis length: 14 feet, 3 inches (4.3 meters) Chassis width: 5 feet, 5.7 inches (1.67 meters) Chassis width: 5 feet, 5.7 inches (1.67 meters) Chassis thickness: 11 inches (28 cm) Chassis thickness: 11 inches (28 cm) Wheels: eight-spoke, light alloy wheels. Wheels: eight-spoke, light alloy wheels. Tires: 20-inch (51-cm) in front and 22-inch (56-Tires: 20-inch (51-cm) in front and 22-inch (56-

cm) in back cm) in back Fuel-cell power: 94 kilowatts continuous, 129 Fuel-cell power: 94 kilowatts continuous, 129

kilowatts peak kilowatts peak Fuel-cell-stack voltage: 125 to 200 volts Fuel-cell-stack voltage: 125 to 200 volts Motor: 250- to 380-volt three-phase asynchronous Motor: 250- to 380-volt three-phase asynchronous

electric motor electric motor Crash protection: front and rear "crush zones" (or Crash protection: front and rear "crush zones" (or

"crash boxes") to absorb impact energy "crash boxes") to absorb impact energy Related GM patents in progress: 30 Related GM patents in progress: 30 GM team members involved in design: 500+ GM team members involved in design: 500+

The Hy-wire has wheels, seats and windows like The Hy-wire has wheels, seats and windows like a conventional car, but the similarity pretty a conventional car, but the similarity pretty much ends there. There is no engine under the much ends there. There is no engine under the hood and no steering wheel or pedals inside.hood and no steering wheel or pedals inside.

AdvantagesAdvantages

• In Hy- wire car the central In Hy- wire car the central computer will be able to monitor computer will be able to monitor driver input which will make it driver input which will make it much safer.much safer.

•This car can resolve the major This car can resolve the major fuel problems and safety issues.fuel problems and safety issues.

•This is eco-friendly car.This is eco-friendly car.

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• This car does not have any physical This car does not have any physical connection between the driver and the car’s connection between the driver and the car’s mechanical component, so the electrical mechanical component, so the electrical failure would mean total loss of control.failure would mean total loss of control.

• The production of the hydrogen which is The production of the hydrogen which is used as fuel in the Hy-wire car can generate used as fuel in the Hy-wire car can generate about as much pollution as using gasoline about as much pollution as using gasoline engines and storage and distribution engines and storage and distribution systems still have a long way to go.systems still have a long way to go.

ConclusionConclusion It fully intends to release a It fully intends to release a

production version of the car in 2010, production version of the car in 2010, assuming it can resolve the major fuel assuming it can resolve the major fuel and safety issues. But even if the Hy-and safety issues. But even if the Hy-wire team doesn't meet this goal. wire team doesn't meet this goal. Automakers are definitely planning to Automakers are definitely planning to move beyond the conventional car move beyond the conventional car sometime soon, toward a computerized, sometime soon, toward a computerized, environmentally friendly alternative. In environmentally friendly alternative. In all likelihood, life on the highway will all likelihood, life on the highway will see some major changes within the see some major changes within the next few decades. next few decades.

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