Hydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxidefuel cellfuel cell

Sofia, 2004Sofia, 2004

N

OH

CS

+ -““Fuel cell systems and technologies” LtdFuel cell systems and technologies” Ltd

IntroductionIntroduction

Hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (HPFC) is an air independent Hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (HPFC) is an air independent

energy generation system, which may supply potentially wide energy generation system, which may supply potentially wide

variety of applications due to the high energy efficiency and variety of applications due to the high energy efficiency and

low noise properties. This new type of mono-component fuel low noise properties. This new type of mono-component fuel

cell possesses many advantages in relation to the cell possesses many advantages in relation to the

conventional fuel cells such as liquid fuel utilization (low conventional fuel cells such as liquid fuel utilization (low

concentrated hydrogen peroxide), evolved oxygen, low concentrated hydrogen peroxide), evolved oxygen, low

operating temperature (up to 70 degrees Celsius) and higher operating temperature (up to 70 degrees Celsius) and higher

thermal efficiency. It could power devices and automobiles thermal efficiency. It could power devices and automobiles

with no tailpipe emissions, provides energy to homes and with no tailpipe emissions, provides energy to homes and

factories with virtually no smokestack pollution and use a factories with virtually no smokestack pollution and use a

renewable and domestic energy sourcerenewable and domestic energy source

Fuel cell advantagesFuel cell advantages

3-5 times longer run-times in comparison to 3-5 times longer run-times in comparison to

conventional batteries conventional batteries low weight low weight easy handling easy handling very rapid recharge very rapid recharge reliable performance reliable performance no degradation, longer lifetime than most batteries no degradation, longer lifetime than most batteries

low costlow cost higher efficiencyhigher efficiency

High current densities and high voltage performanceHigh current densities and high voltage performance

Low cost electrodes used in monopolar module designLow cost electrodes used in monopolar module design

Commercial accessories and controls for stack operationCommercial accessories and controls for stack operation

Shut down & start as hybrids with rechargeable batteriesShut down & start as hybrids with rechargeable batteries

Water- and thermal management can be self controllingWater- and thermal management can be self controlling

Fuel storage and utilization performanceFuel storage and utilization performance

Fuel cell advantagesFuel cell advantages

HPFC applicationHPFC application

HPFC advantagesHPFC advantages The fuel storage temperature is equal to the room The fuel storage temperature is equal to the room

temperature. Htemperature. H22OO22 is in liquid physical condition at a broad is in liquid physical condition at a broad

temperature range (-50temperature range (-5000C C +60 +6000C) under air pressure, C) under air pressure,

which conducts to undeniable advantages at storage and which conducts to undeniable advantages at storage and

exploitation;exploitation;

The peroxide fuel cell has higher efficiency - the theoretical The peroxide fuel cell has higher efficiency - the theoretical

thermal efficiency of peroxide fuel cell reaches to 1.192, thermal efficiency of peroxide fuel cell reaches to 1.192,

while the same coefficient for the conventional fuel cell while the same coefficient for the conventional fuel cell

reaches to 0.83;reaches to 0.83;

The evolved quantity of oxygen is equal to 0,447kg/kWhThe evolved quantity of oxygen is equal to 0,447kg/kWh

Fuel cell portable marketFuel cell portable marketWorldwide fuel cell potential adoption

conservative forecast (million of units)

20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 CAGR*CAGR*

North North AmericaAmerica

7,67,6 15,215,2 28,828,8 33,933,9 39,939,9 47,247,2 44,1%44,1%

EuropeEurope 6,56,5 12,712,7 24,124,1 27,627,6 31,831,8 36,836,8 41,5%41,5%

AsiaAsia 4,84,8 8,88,8 16,016,0 17,517,5 19,019,0 21,021,0 34,4%34,4%

WorldwideWorldwide 18,918,9 36,736,7 68,968,9 79,079,0 90,790,7 105,0105,0 40,9%40,9%

*CAGR – Compound annual growth rate

Fuel cell portable marketFuel cell portable marketWorldwide fuel cell potential adoption

conservative forecast (million of $)

20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 CAGR*CAGR*

North North AmericaAmerica

266266 440440 682682 801801 889889 988988 30.0%30.0%

EuropeEurope 174174 295295 490490 545545 610610 687687 31.6%31.6%

AsiaAsia 176176 270270 402402 422422 442442 467467 21.6%21.6%

WorldwideWorldwide 616616 10071007 15741574 17681768 19411941 21422142 28.3%28.3%

*CAGR – Compound annual growth rate

ConclusionsConclusions

The proposed new fuel cell technology possesses great The proposed new fuel cell technology possesses great

potential benefits regarding to the future transport potential benefits regarding to the future transport

applications for the air pollution and toxic substance applications for the air pollution and toxic substance

reduction and special equipment supplyreduction and special equipment supply

The The current current marketmarket of the fuel cell technology of the fuel cell technology is potentially is potentially

very wide including portable and transportation devices. very wide including portable and transportation devices.

The expected conservative compound annual growth rate is equal to 40%, because the fuel cell market is still undeveloped