Hydrogen from biomass via thermo-chemical route Status of ...€¦ · BioH2 /kg Wood 13,5 47,9 LT...
Transcript of Hydrogen from biomass via thermo-chemical route Status of ...€¦ · BioH2 /kg Wood 13,5 47,9 LT...
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Hydrogen from biomass via thermo-chemical route –
Status of development and perspectives
Univ. Prof. DI Dr. Hermann Hofbauer
Vienna University of Technology
Bioenergy2020+ GmbH
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Content
■ Process chains for hydrogen production
■ Methane to hydrogen
■ Biomass to hydrogen
■ Chemical reactions and maximal yields
■ Polygeneration with hydrogen production
■ Definition
■ CHP and pilot plant Oberwart
■ Polygeneration process chains
■ Experimental results
■ hydrogen-electric vision
■ Conclusions
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Conventional process chain: Natural gas to hydrogen
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Conventional process chain: Natural gas to hydrogen
H2-Efficiency: 76 %
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Tail gas
recycle
Bio-H2
Flue gas
cooler
Flue gas
filter
Combustion airSteam
Chimney
Flue gas
blower
Ash
Process chain: Biomass to hydrogen (1)Project: „BioH2-4Industries“
Biomass Reforming CO-Shift-Reaction Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
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Process chain: Biomass to hydrogen (2)Project: „BioH2-4Industries“ - Results from simulation
Efficiency:
76 % 60 %
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Production of hydrogenSteam reforming
General
CHnOm + (1-m).H2O = CO + (1+n/2-m).H2
Methane (n=4, m=0)
CH4 + H2O = CO + 3.H2
Biomass (n=1,44, m=0,66)
CH1,44O0,66 + 0,34.H2O = CO + 1,06.H2
Reaction conditions: 800-900 °C
Catalysts: Ni, Ca, Fe
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Production of hydrogenWater-Gas-Shift-Reaction (WGSR)
Water-Gas-Shift-Reaction (WGSR)
CO + H2O = CO2 + H2
Biomass:
CO + 1,06.H2 + H2O = CO2 + 2,06.H2
WGSR conditions: 350-450 °C
Catalysts: Fe, Cr, Co, Mo, Sn
Methane:
CO + 3.H2 + H2O = CO2 + 4.H2
Maximum Yields
500 gH2 / kgnat.gas
~ 10 kgH2 / GJ
172 gH2 / kgwood
~ 10 kgH2 / GJ
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Fuel
Pretreatment Gasification Gas Cleaning
Heat & Electricity
Production
Biogenous Residues
Energy Plants
Heat &
Electricity
Wood
Clean
Bio-H2Shift Reaction+
Gas Separation
Pilot Plant
Slip-Stream
1-6 m3/h
Polygeneration
Polygeneration process chain
Biomass to hydrogen and other products
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Product gas from biomass steam reforming
Volume based Energy based
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Gasification plant Oberwart
8 MW fuel input
2000 kg/h wood chips
2000 m3/h product gas
30 % electrical efficiency
30.000 operation hours
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Dual Fluidized Bed (DFB) gasification Oberwartgasification = reforming heat & powerGas cleaningpower
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Folie 13
Polygeneration Full process chain for hydrogen production
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Container with pilot plant at CHP Oberwart
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View into research container (1)left hand side
Membran
Pressure Swing
Adsorption
PEM Fuel Cell
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View into research container (2)right hand side
Folie 16
Water Gas Shift
Reaction
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PolygenerationProcess chain 1 for hydrogen production
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Main gas components along the process chain 1
Hydrogen
purity: 99,95 %
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Data for PEM-fuel cell
■ Type: PEM FC „Mobixane“
■ Nominal load: 2500W
■ Minimal load: 500W
■ Electrical efficiency: about 50 %
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PolygenerationProcess chain 2 for hydrogen production
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CHP Plant
clean prod. gas
LT gas
scrubbing1-step PI
membranePSA PEMFC
H2
- Recovery
Electricity consumption
Specific BioH2 production gBioH2/kgWood 13,5 47,9
LT gas
scrubbingPSA PEMFCWG-shift
CHP Plant
clean prod. gas
% Nm3BioH2/Nm3
H2 in PG 40 128
kWhel/Nm3BioH2 1,69 0,46
Comparison of performance data of
process chain 1 and 2
Process chain 1
Process chain 2
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Hydrogen mass flows of process chain 2
to gas engine
CHP
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Polygeneration – flexibility & potential
Hydrogen0
60
% Efficiency
30
80
Hydrogen
Electricity
Heat
Process
chain 1
Process
chain 2gH2/kgwood
80
CHP
Oberwart
Project
„BioH2-
4industries“
40
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Economic analysis of hydrogen production based on steam reforming
Source: DBFZ 2013
DFB.
Gasification
9 MW H2
Heat Pipe.
Reformer
3 MW H2
Biogas
Reforming
6 MW H2
Fossil
Reference
Biogas
Reforming
6 MW H2
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hydrogen-electric visionhydrogen-electric vision
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BioH2BIOMASS-TO-HYDROGEN
Thank you for your kind attention !
Univ. Prof. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer
Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering
A-1060 Getreidemarkt 9/166