Hydrogen and Fuel Cells the EU Perspective - Tekes · PDF fileHydrogen and Fuel Cells ......
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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells – the EU Perspective
Marc Steen
Institute for Energy and Transport
Joint Research Centre
European Commission
TEKES Fuel Cell Programme Final Seminar
Otaniemi, 3 December 2013
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Contents
• EU Energy and Transport Policy
• Energy policy framework 2030
• Alternative Fuels Directive
• Non-EU efforts
• Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking
• FCH at JRC
Two pillars of EU energy and transport policy to reach integrated
climate and energy objectives:
• Legislation
• Support to technology innovation (Flagship Innovation Union of
Europe 2020 strategy, SET-Plan, STT–Plan, Eco-Inno Action plan)
+20% -20%-20%
EU Energy and Transport
Policy
20-20-20 by 2020
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role of hydrogen as energy carrier and fuel cells as efficient energy
converters to contribute to low carbon EU energy and transport system
are recognized by EU policy-makers
• A Roadmap for moving to a competitive
low carbon economy in 2050
• Energy Roadmap 2050
• SET-Plan, Communication Energy
Technologies and Innovation
• Transport White Paper
• Proposal for Directive Alternative Fuels
Infrastructure
FCH in EU Policy
documents
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• FCH technologies can contribute to EU energy and climate
package 20-20-20 by 2020 and beyond.
• In the frame of economic recovery, there is also the target of 20%
contribution by industrial sector to EU-GDP (New Industrial Policy).
• FCH technologies can also contribute to that 20% target.
20032020
2008 present
inte
rest
by
EU
po
licy
mak
ers
FCH 2 JU, Streamlining of national efforts
Historical Perspective
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Liaisons
present 20152020
2009
HPMV type approval
RegulationGTR 13 phase 1
HRS Standards HRS: Directive AFI
GTR 13 phase 2HFCV-SGSlaunched
legislation
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Energy Policy
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2030 Policy Framework
April 2013
H2 in Energy Policy
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Energy Infrastructure
Priorities for 2020 and beyond
• Infrastructure for electricity, gas, oil, CO2
• H2 infrastructure not explicitly included, but H2 is enabler
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Clean Power for Transport
Package
• Proposal for Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure
• Associated costs:
Electricity = 8 M charging points = 8 B€
LNG Waterborne =139 refuelling points * 15 M€ = 2,1 B€
LNG trucks = 144 refuelling points * 0.4 M€ = 58 M€
CNG road = 654 refuelling points * 0.25 M€ = 164 M€
Hydrogen = 77 refuelling stations * 1.6 M€ = 123 M€
Build a competitive and resource efficient
transport system
Establish long term fuel strategy
Remove technical and regulatory barriers
Facilitate a single market for alternative fuels
vehicles and vessels
▪ EU committed to significantly reduce its GHG emission – at least 80% by 2050
▪ Emissions in road transport may need to be cut by as much as 95%
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Closure of the
Missing Link
RTD ProjectsGreen Car Initiative
FCH JU
Collaborative research
Sustainable
Market
InfrastructureCommon standards
Regulatory measuresCO2 and pollutants
Fuel quality and renewable
energy Directives
Green procurement
Market
incentivesSubsidies
Fiscal advantages
EIB loans
Directive on Alternative Fuels
Infrastructure
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• Set out minimum level of
infrastructure coverage
necessary to:
enable cross-border
mobility in-between 14
Member States
support
commercialisation of
hydrogen vehicles in
the 2020 horizon
• minimum 77 hydrogen
refuelling stations along
TEN-T Core Network, with
maximum distance 300 km
• cost = 77 refuelling
stations * 1.6 M€ = 123 M€
Targets hydrogen
infrastructure build-
up by end 2020
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HIT Project: Hydrogen Infrastructure for Transport (TEN-T)
• define optimum strategies to migrate from H2 hotspots in densely
populated areas to actual local markets for H2 Refuelling Stations
(HRS) and from there to long distance transport and mobility along
the Trans-European Transport Networks’ (TEN-T) corridors.
• develop National Implementation Plans (NIP) for France, Sweden,
Denmark and the Netherlands.
Budget: 6,9 M€ (EU contribution: 50%)
Start April 2012 – End Dec. 2014
http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/download/project_fiches/multi_country/fiche
new_2011eu92130s_final.pdf
COM(2013)18 – Annex III Technical
specifications
2. Technical specifications for hydrogen
refuelling points for motor vehicles
2.1. Outdoor hydrogen refuelling points
2.2. hydrogen purity
2.3. fuelling algorithms and equipment
2.4. Connectors
Common technical specifications
EU-wide by end 2015
Relevant international standardisation
activities ISO TC 197:
• WG24 on HRS
• ISO 14687-2 published Dec 2012;
harmonized with SAE-J2719
• NWIPs for dispenser and components to
be launched; new WGs to start late 2013
• connector standard ISO 17268 based on
SAE-J2600
Directive on Alternative Fuels
Infrastructure
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Alternative Fuels
Infrastructure
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Roadmap outline
Introduction
Hydrogen in the energy system
Vision for Deployment to 2050
Technology development: actions and milestones
Policy, regulation, financing: actions and milestones
Conclusion: near-term Actions for Stakeholders
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IEA Hydrogen Roadmap
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22 demo
92 R&D
24 X-cutting
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Joint Undertaking
FCH JU main achievements
• Transport sector :
– 49 buses, 37 passenger cars, 95 mini cars
– 13 new refuelling stations
– FC Bus H2 consumption halved
– H2 cost < 10€/kg
• Stationary sector :
– 1000 domestic Combined Heat & Power generators
– Cost - 50%, efficiency 90%, lifetime up to 8 years
• Early markets sector :
– 400 + material handling vehicles
– 19 back up power units
• The European FCH community :
– Strong, visible and coherent
– Consensus strategy (MAIP/AIP)
– Pre-competitive collaboration
– 430 participants in 127 projects
– SME participation 23% 21
• A portfolio of power-trains for Europe, finished
• H2MOB D, UK, F, …, ongoing
• Financing H2 infrastructure roll-out: Bankability
requirements and optimization levers, on-going
• H2MOB Europe, thinking
• Urban Buses: alternative powertrains for Europe, finished
• FCH Buses phase 2, starting
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• Commercialisation study for Distributed Generation
technologies in Europe, starting
• Energy Storage portfolio for Europe, starting
• Electrolyser, ongoing
Coalition Studies –
preparing for deployment
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www.fch-ju.eu
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Two key activity pillars
Strategic objective
By 2020, fuel cell and hydrogen
technologies will be demonstrated
as one of the pillars of future
European energy and transport
systems, making a valued
contribution to the transformation
to a low carbon economy by 2050.
Budget of €1.4 billion in 2014 - 2020 Strong industry commitment to contribute inside
the programme + through additional investment
outside, supporting joint objectives.
• Road vehicles
• Non-road mobile
vehicles and
machinery
• Refuelling
infrastructure
• Maritime, rail and
aviation
applications
• Fuel cells for
power and
combined heat &
power generation
• Hydrogen
production and
distribution
• Hydrogen for
renewable energy
generation (incl.
blending in natural
gas grid)
CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES(e.g. standards, consumer
awareness, manufacturing
methods, studies)
TRANSPORT ENERGY
FCH JU under Horizon 2020
Objectives FCH2JU
1. reduce the production cost of fuel cell systems to be used in transport
applications, while increasing their lifetime to levels competitive with
conventional technologies
2. increase the electrical efficiency and the durability of the different fuel cells
used for power production, while reducing costs, to levels competitive with
conventional technologies
3. increase the energy efficiency of production of hydrogen from water
electrolysis while reducing capital costs, so that the combination of the
hydrogen and the fuel cell system is competitive with the alternatives
available in the marketplace
4. demonstrate on a large scale the feasibility of using hydrogen as a
competitive energy storage medium for electricity produced from renewable
energy sources24
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PtG
• increased
RE share in
end use
sectors
• bridging
electricity
and NG
grids
http://150jahre.sw-i.de/portal/erdgas-morgen/power-to-gas-7, © 2013 Stadtwerke Ingolstadt Beteiligungen GmbH
Power-to-gas
JRC’s Mission and Role
Direct research:
JRC is the European Commission's in-house
science service and the only DG executing direct
research; providing science advice to EU policy.
… is to provide EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and
technical support throughout the whole policy cycle.
Serving society, stimulating innovation, supporting legislation
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JRC
(2) Harmonise
internationally
JRC support to technology
innovation: PNR
(1) Partner with EU industry and
research institutions
industry
research
policy
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H2 storage H2 safety
fuel cells, stacks
PEMFC, SOFC
H2 sensors
PNR on FCH at JRC
reformer
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www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Contact: [email protected]
Serving society
Stimulating innovation
Supporting legislation
Joint Research Centre (JRC)
4 December 2013
Thank you!
Back-up slides
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Hydrogen in the energy chain (DG ENERGY)
•A European Alternative Fuels Strategy COM(2013)17
(1) Provides a framework including
minimum infrastructure
common EU standardsconsumer information
(2) Identifies options for the different modes (see next slide):
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Natural Gas and Bio-methane (in the forms of CNG, LNG and GTL), Hydrogen, Electricity, Biofuels (only solution applicable to
all modes but availability remains an issue)
(3) Guidance on investments and technological development
specific technology roadmaps for alternative fuels will be developed in the frame of the Strategic Transport Technology Plan
PPPs to be further developed based on experience gained (for H2: FCH-JU)
Barriers identified for hydrogen as an alternative fuel:
• High retail cost of vehicles
• Lack of infrastructure
• Low level of consumer acceptance
Proposal for directive AFI
R&I in FCH-JU
Proposal for a Directive on Alternative Fuels Infrastructure COM(2013)18
• Focus on current obstacles: 1) infrastructure 2) standards
• Developed in close consultation with Member States and industry
• Targets unlocking private investment = a pro-business initiative
• Full freedom given to Member States for implementation
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Brussels, 24.1.2013
COM(2013) 18 final
2013/0012 (COD)
Proposal for a
DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure
(Text with EEA relevance)
{SWD(2013) 5 final}
{SWD(2013) 6 final}
Directive on Alternative Fuels
Infrastructure
Financing H2 infrastructure roll-out
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Fuel Cell Urban Buses : next steps
Accelerate the commercialization of Fuel Cell city buses in Europe by:
in a first phase,▪ scoping city level Fuel Cell bus business cases
+ developing national ramp up scenarios
in a potential second phase, for whom it may concern,▪ developing city level business cases for 400 – 800 buses
+ detailing national Fuel Cell bus roadmaps and an EU vision for zero emission public bus transport
in a potential third phase, for whom it may concern, implementing and funding selected local business cases
+ agreeing on a required regulatory framework
Objectives
Aligning a coalition of private and public stakeholders to allow developmentof a large scale commercialization project
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Distributed generation technologies in Europe
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Distributed generation technologies in EuropeAims
A characterisation of the benefits available from each technology category under a range of
future scenarios, both from an environmental and an economic point of view, and their competitive
position compared to alternative technologies.
A clear and consistent categorisation of the most near-commercial and mass-market fuel cell
distributed generation technologies, at different points in time.
A detailed assessment of the barriers to full commercial rollout of these target technologies, in
terms of:
• Economic barriers and required cost-volume thresholds, financial support, etc.
• Technological readiness and improvements required to specific technology areas.
• Market access and requirements for new business models, customer acquisition routes, etc.
• End-user/consumer acceptance and any required consumer engagement work.
Well-defined and concrete recommendations for next steps towards stimulating the
commercialisation of fuel cells in distributed generation, aimed at:
• European and national policy-makers
• Specific European and national funding agencies
• The fuel cell-related R&D community.38
Energy Storage Study: rationale
Energy storage technologies can
provide value to the European
energy system
There is a high degree of
technological uncertainty - A wide
range of storage technologies exist
for a variety of applications
The current market provides
weak signals to governments and
investors
Action is required to create
conditions under which energy
storage technologies can develop
towards commercialisation
• Enable the deployment of intermittent renewable generation
and variable demand
• Avoid grid reinforcement costs
• Provide balancing, response and reserve services
• Batteries, Pumped hydro, CAES, liquid air, hydrogen for
industry & transport, hydrogen to gas, flywheels
• Demand side management, smart grids and other
developments can both provide synergies with energy storage
and also compete to deliver similar services
• Weak near term market demand and lack of business models
• Future role of energy storage is unclear, especially for
hydrogen
• Competition in technology claims due to scarce investments
• Clarify the market outlook for energy storage technologies
• Clarify potential of the different technologies
• Help ensure the right focus for policy support
Rationale for the study Description
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Energy Storage Study: fact based
Fact based comparison of Energy
Storage technologies and other
options to provide services to the
energy system
Trajectories of benefits and likely
demand for different Energy Storage
technologies
Insight in impact of market
arrangements and regulations
Well defined and concrete
recommendations for next steps
toward stimulating commercialisation
of Energy Storage technologies
• A clear breakdown of ES services and products, and
requirements for different functionalities and application areas
• A clear and consistent categorisation of the relevant energy
storage technologies. Positioned against each other and
alternative options, at different points in time
• Overview of business models underlying these applications
• Market potential for different applications and sensitivity
analysis, for different markets and at different points in time
• Overview of current market arrangements and regulations
that inhibit the ability of storage technologies to capitalise on
all possible value drivers
• Focal points for policy support, ensuring access to markets
and level playing field
• Focus for funding support to address cost related barriers
• Most relevant areas for H2 ES technologies to focus research
and development efforts on
Objectives Description
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Development of electrolysis in Europe
• Short duration study on electrolysis (PEM, Alkaline, SOEC, …)
• State of the art and future trends; RD&D recommendations
• Small coalition with key stakeholders
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Technology advances are accounted for through periodical revision of standards
• global application of technologies: use international standards ISO, IEC
• scientific basis for standard development and revision through PNR
EU Philosophy for RCS:
(1) Legislation (directives, regulations) specifies minimum/essential requirements
performance, safety, emissions, sustainability, ….
(2) Legislation should not be prescriptive on technical implementation
(3) European standards can be referred to and compliance with standard implies conformity with
the legislative essential requirements
EU provides support to PNR that addresses societal needs:
health, safety, sustainability, security, …
with explicit role for JRC: Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012