HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN CROATIA - hfc-hungary.org...In the expecting of hydrogen fuel cell...

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HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN CROATIA Assist. Prof. Ankica Kovač, Ph.D., MEng. AE. University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Department of Power Engineering, Energy, and Environment [email protected] Workshop: UK – Central Europe Hydrogen Energy Collaboration in Policy and Technology Budapest, Hungary, September 26 th 2019

Transcript of HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN CROATIA - hfc-hungary.org...In the expecting of hydrogen fuel cell...

  • HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN CROATIA

    Assist. Prof. Ankica Kovač, Ph.D., MEng. AE.

    University of Zagreb

    Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

    Department of Power Engineering, Energy, and Environment

    [email protected]

    Workshop: UK – Central Europe Hydrogen Energy Collaboration in Policy and Technology Budapest, Hungary, September 26th 2019

    mailto:[email protected]

  • CROATIA – DREAMLAND ☺

  • HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES IN CROATIA

    Basic research

    ▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture,

    ▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

    ▪ Institute of Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb,

    ▪ University of Split, Faculty of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering and NavalArchitecture,

    ▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing.

    Applied Research

    ▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture,

    ▪ Institute of Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb,

    ▪ University of Split, Faculty of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering and NavalArchitecture.

    ▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing.

  • HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES IN CROATIA

    Industrial development

    ▪ KONČAR – Electrical Engineering Institute, Inc.

    Commercial production

    ▪ INA d.d.

    ▪ Končar – Electrical Industry Inc.

    Legislations:

    ▪ Croatian Standards Institute.

    ▪ Acceptance of the European directives (Hydrogen fuel cellspowered vehicles homologation).

  • 1 Krk

    2 Rab

    15 Split

    4 Losinj

    5 Pag

    6 Dugi otok

    7 Vis

    8 Brac

    9 Hvar

    10 Korcula

    11 Mljet12 Dubrovnik

    13 Ploce

    14 Makarska

    17 Sibenik

    18 Benkovac

    19 Obrovac

    16Trogir

    Katoro1

    Rovinj2

    Pula3

    Pazin4

    Plomin5

    Rijeka6

    N. Vinodolski7

    Krk8

    Rab9

    Losinj10

    Senj11

    Karlobag13

    Pag14

    Obrovac16Zadar17

    Benkovac18

    D. Otok19Vodice20

    Sibenik21 Split23

    Brac24

    Hvar25Vis26

    Korcula27

    Makarska28

    Ivanic Grad39Zagreb36

    Krapina37

    Varazdin38

    Kutina40

    Gradiska41Sl. Brod42

    Osijek43

    Ploce29

    Peljesac30Mljet31

    Dubrovnik32

    Ravna Gora33

    Dobra34

    Karlovac35

    3 Cres

    Jablanac12

    Trogir22

    No. PV Field

    Gospic15

    H2 Fueling station

    (Electrolyser)

    No.

    ▪ Croatia is touristic world destination,

    ▪ In the expecting of hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicles to be on the roads of Europe, hydrogeninfrastructure in Croatia is needed.

    ▪ Still in 2005 Prof. Mihajlo Firak anticipated the problem and suggested solar hydrogen generation systemusing distributed PV fields, and electrolyzers. PV fields would produce electrical energy during the day(delivering the electricity at higher prices), and electrolyzers would produce hydrogen during the nights(using 2x lower electricity prices); Right Figure: Blue: 19 PV power plants of 0.0289 km2, red: 43commercial electrolyzers of 10.7 kg / h of hydrogen. (Croatian Energy Association, 14th Forum, 25th

    November, 2005)

    Power grid connects strategically distributed PV fields and HRS including electrolysers >> green hydrogen

    HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES IN CROATIA

  • University of Split, Faculty of Mechanical of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

  • University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing

  • AMMONIA BORANE AND ITS DERIVATIVES

    EFFICIENT SYSTEMS FOR SOLID-STATE HYDROGEN STORAGE

    composites

    amidoboranesdecomposition

    characterisation

    spectroscopy

    in-situ reaction monitoring

    ( ) ( ) 2333233 HBHNHBHNHMBHNHMH nnmm nn +−→+

    gas uptake

    Core-shell nanoparticlesPorous C and BN

    2D carbon materials

    LiNH2BH3(NH3BH3)xNaNH2BH3(NH3BH3)xLi2Mg(NH2BH3)4 ...

    100

    90

    80

    70

    60

    50

    40

    30

    % m

    200

    200

    150

    150

    100

    100

    50

    50

    t / °C

    4.0

    3.5

    3.0

    2.5

    2.0

    1.5

    1.0

    DT

    A s

    ign

    al / °C

    mg

    -1

    I in air I in N2 III in N2

    TG

    DTA

    4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

    wavenumber / cm-1

    0.30

    0.25

    0.20

    0.15

    NB05_t_ABB

    P-XRD and Raman

    monitoring of ball milling

    IR and Raman spectroscopy

    XRD

    Rietveld structure refinement

    Pressure-composition isotherms,

    BET,...TG, DTA, DSC

    4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500wavenumber / cm

    -1

    4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000

    wavenumbers / cm-1

    Variable temperature IR spectroscopic differentiation of the processes...

    ... in the bulk

    ... and on the surface2D correlation

    In collaboration with:

  • Electricity

    Hydrogen

    Inverter

    Solar energy Wind energy Water energy

    Electrolysis Fuel Cell Stack

    Electrical

    energy storage

    Inverter

    H2

    Inverter

    Končar and Decentralised Energy Resources

    Inverter Inverter

    KONČAR - Electrical Engineering Institute, Inc., Zagreb

    Power supply for communication base

    Stationary Facility For Generation of Electric and Thermal Energy Using Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

  • INA, d.d. is a medium-sized European oil company with a leading role in Croatian oil business and a strong position in the region.

    Company profile: INA Group

    6.7 MILLION TONSOF REFINING CAPACITY

    506

    ANNUAL

    REVENUES $3.5 billion

    10.842

    Hydrogen production in INA:

    • Rijeka Refinery – Steam methane reforming process

    technology (SMR)

    • SMR is established and mature technology

    • SMR is currently the lowest-cost hydrogen production

    • In combination with carbon capture (CCS), carbon emissions

    are reduced significantly by up to 90% ( „blue hydrogen”)

    road transport

    non – electrified railtransport

    maritime traffic

    SHORT TERM MID TERM LONGTERM

    PRODUCTION: 34.9 Mboe/d

    RESERVES:

    115 MMboe

    Croatia onshore

    Egypt

    North Adriatic

    Angola

  • ROAD TRANSPORT (FUTURE VISION)

    ▪ Public transport operators with FCH buses in bigger cities – Zagreb; Rijeka; Split (as a role model)

    ▪ Other public transport bus operators in smaller cities

    ▪ Cities cleaning companies with FCH garbagetrucks, other transport operators car fleets, delivery vans

    ▪ Private induviduals - as end customers withFCH applications

    ▪ Private individuals and private companies –coming to Croatia as tourists with FCH applications - part of the Mediterranean TEN-T network corridor

    NON – ELECTRIFIED RAIL TRANSPORT▪ Public transport rail operator – Hrvatske

    željeznice

    MARITIME TRAFFIC▪ State fast shipping lines – Sea Carriers;

    Jadrolinija, Alpex,...

  • What about future of maritimetransportation?!

    • Šibenik archipelago consists of 249 islands and

    little islands with 157 km2 in total area,

    • 6 islands are permanently settled with todays

    6600 inhabitants,

    • The idea is to connect Šibenik to these islands

    with electric and/or hydrogen powered fuel cell

    catamaran.

    Some projects are in development stages

  • Air-side streamlinesH2 mass

    University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

    Ele

    ktr

    ičn

    a st

    ruja

    , I

    / A

    Napon, U / V

    0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 40

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    qv = 0,000 cm3 s-1

    qv = 7,090 cm3 s-1

    qv = 18,77 cm3 s-1

  • ▪ First Croatian Hydrogen Powered Bicycle – in operation

    ▪ First Croatian Hydrogen Refuelling Station – in operation

    University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

  • University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

    ▪ Croatia Mirai Challenge, 18th September 2019 (incooperation with Toyota Croatia d.o.o.) – promotionof hydrogen technologies

  • University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

    ▪ Croatia Mirai Challenge, 18th September 2019 (in cooperation with Toyota Croatiad.o.o.) – promotion of hydrogen technologies

    START

    FINISH

  • HYDROGEN IN THE NEW CROATIAN ENERGY STRATEGY

    SCENARIO 1▪ The transition to alternative fuel in transport is particularly

    intense after 2030.

    ▪ In 2050

    • Beginning of the introduction of hydrogen.

    SCENARIO 2▪ The transition to alternative fuel in transport is particularly

    intense after 2030.

    ▪ In 2050

    • Beginning of the introduction of hydrogen.

  • HYDROGEN IN THE NEW CROATIAN ENERGY STRATEGYHydrogen infrastructure

    ▪ The first costs for HRSs are planned:

    • 2021-2030 in the amount of approximately 34 million

    EUR,

    • 2031 to 2040 in the amount of 68 million EUR and

    • 2041-2050 in the amount of 102 million EUR.

    ▪ Assuming the current Chinese price of one HRS of 1.4 millionEUR, the strategy plan is to install 25 HRSs for the firstdecade, 50 for the second, and 75 HRSs for the third.

    Hence by 2050 75 HRSs in Croatia!

  • CROATIA IN THE HYDROGEN SOCIETY - EU HYDROGEN MAP

  • CROATIA IN THE HYDROGEN SOCIETY

    ▪ Republic of Croatia is the member of TechnologyCollaboration Programme on Advanced Fuel Cells (AFC TCP):

    http://www.ieafuelcell.com/index.php?id=8

    • Members of Executive Committee of AFC TCP:

    • Ankica Kovač – Representative Member

    • Frano Barbir – Alternate Member

    http://www.ieafuelcell.com/index.php?id=8

  • HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN CROATIA

    Assist. Prof. Ankica Kovač, Ph.D., MEng. AE.

    University of Zagreb

    Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

    Department of Power Engineering, Energy, and Environment

    [email protected]

    Workshop: UK – Central Europe Hydrogen Energy Collaboration in Policy and Technology Budapest, Hungary, September 26th 2019

    mailto:[email protected]