Hydraulic Property Distribution Estimation through Groundwater Modeling of the Observed Effects from

“Uncontrolled” Resident Hydraulic Stress

Presented By: Shawn Leppert

Leppert Associates, Inc.

MODFLOW and More 2006 Conference

May, 24th 2006

Three Examples of Resident Stress

Unanticipated

Inadvertent River Flood Event

Inadvertant River Flood Event

Tidal Influence on Hydraulic Containment

Anthropogenic

Groundwater Supply Stress for Model Calibration

Resident and Uncontrolled

Large Scale

Unanticipated

SOUTHTANK FARM

CONTAINMENT DIKING

CONTAINMENT DIKING CONTAINMENTDIKING

PLANTTREATMENTWASTEWATER

BUILDINGMAINTENANCE

WAREHOUSE

PARKINGLOT

OFFICE

LOCKERROOMS

GRASS

GRASS

GRASS

WASTE STORAGE

NORTH EASTTANK FARM

PAVEMENT

OILWELL

TANKS

USED OILTANK FARM

WESTYARDAREA

FORMERUSTCAVITY

SVE BUILDING AIR STRIPPINGENCLOSURE

WETWELL

50' OF SHEET PILING

H-10S

H-11S

H-12DH-12S

H-13S

H-14S

H-15DH-15S

H-16S H-17S H-18S

H-19S

H-1DH-1DR

H-1S

H-20S

H-21S

H-2s/H-1S

H-3S

H-4S

H-5S

H-6S

H-7S

H-22D

H-8S

H-9S

P-1

P-2

P-3

P-4

P-5

RW-1RW-2 RW-3

RW-4RW-5

RW-6

RW-7

TB-1

TB-2

50

10

5

1

0.5

0.1

0.05

0.01

0.005

0.001

Legend

Safety-KleenHebron Facility

Drawn by: CRL11/07/03Fig38HHCLowSand.lpk

N

Surface Water Body

Scale:

HydraulicConductivity

(ft/day)

0' 160'feet

Figure: 38Horizontal Hydraulic

Conductivity Distribution- Lower Sand

(Layers 10 & 11)

Well with Data

Recovery Well

WellTemporary Boring

Abandoned Well

River Flood: Data

Small Hazardous Waste Handling Facility

Rural Midwest

Designed an Intricate Hydraulic Stress Test (72 hour)

Construct Extraction Well for the Stress

Refurbish Other Extraction Wells and Equip with Flow Meters

Fit 14 Monitoring Wells with Data Transducers

4 River Stages Placed

River Flood: Stress

Began Test June 3, 2003

Initiated Test

Two Days of Baseline Monitoring

Major Rain Event on Fifth Day

Two River Gauges Swept Away

Diligently Continued Compiling Data

River Flood: Benefits

River Stress was Large Scaled

Hard Work Calibrating Model to Stress

Effects Felt for a Couple of Weeks

Allowed for a very good Permeability Mapping

Very Good Agreement for Mass Depletion Contaminant transport

River Flood: Benefits

River Stress was Large Scaled

Hard Work Calibrating Model to Stress

Effects Felt for a Couple of Weeks

Allowed for a very good Permeability Mapping

Very Good Agreement for Mass Depletion Contaminant transport

Tidal Influence: Data

Closed Hazardous waste Incinerator

Urban East-Coast

Monitored Tidal Influences and Existing Extraction

Down-Loaded NOAA tide Tables

Fit 12 Monitoring Wells with Data Transducers

Monitored at 2.0 minute intervals for 30 days.

Fire

Lagoon

Storm WaterCollection

Basin

Basin ClosureBasin

Racoon

Creek

Corrective ActionManagement Unit

(CAMU)

South Marsh

North Marsh

L317

L316L315B

L314

L313L312

L311

LabOffice

ChangeHouse

GuardHouse

MetalsTreatmentBuilding

Maintenance

88-1-SA

88-2-SA

88-3-SA

88-8-SA

88-5-SA

88-7-SA

DP-4

33S

21-a

22

24-a

23-d

31S-a

30S

35

25-b

15D

21D

24D

35D

30D

31D

32D

33D

101D

102D

CAMU-1-I

CAMU-2-I

CAMU-3-I

MA-5D

MA-6D

MA-7D

MA-2D

MA-11D

MA-8D

MA-1D

MA-4D

MA-9D

CAMU-4-I

CAMU-5-I

CAMU-6-I

88-5-I

88-3-I

DP-5

92-1-I

88-2-I

88-8-I

OW-1

92-2-I

92-3-I

88-1-I

DP-1

92-4-I

MA-10D

MA-3S

101S

102S

W-18

MA-10S

MA-11S

W-17

MA-5S

W

MA-6S

MA-7SII-2

88-9-WT

MA-2S

88-6-WT

MA-1S

X1

4A

29

MA-8S

W-19

AV-2

CAMU-1-W

CAMU-2-W

CAMU-3-W

DD

C

B

P-4

CAMU-6-W

CAMU-5-W

CAMU-4-W

GG

20-a

S

MW-1A

T

W-27

16

23-b

W-24

MW-3A

24

17

15

88-5-WT

MA-9S

MW-5a

27

MW-6

MA-4S

FF

HH

E

K1

28

25-a

MW-4A

L-2

88-2-WT

L

L1

Ra

AA

42.8668

CORRECTIVEACTION

MANAGEMENTUNIT

(CAMU)

COLLECTION

STORMWATER

RACCOONCREEK

1300 ft.EPlant

900ft.NPlant

SOUTHMARSH

L316

L315B

FIRELAGOON

L315A

L317

L313

L314

L312

LABORATORY OFFICE

NORTHMARSH

MAINTENANCE

GUARD

HOUSE

HOUSECHANGE

L311

BUILDING

4100ft.EPlant

TREATMENT

METALS

BASINCLOSURE

AREA

BASIN

3700ft.NPlant

N.J.GridBearing

PlantDatum

N

LD-4

LCH-4

LCH-3

LD-3

LD-2

LCH- 2

LCH-1

Legend

SouthMarsh Major Feature

Safety-KleenBridgeport

Tidal StudyMonitoring Wells

Drawn by:CRL

4/9/02

North

Water Body

Scale:

Water TableMonitoring Well

0' 500'

Feet

L1

88-1-I

88-1-SA

88-1-I

S

88-5-SA

88-5-WT

88-5-I

88-3-SA

88-7-SA

88-9-WTMA-2D

88-3-SA

88-5-WT88-5-I

Well

Shallow ArtesianMonitoring Well

IntermediateMonitoring Well

Tidal Influence: Stress

Measured Influence in Monitoring Wells Screened in Three Units

Barometric Pressure

Solar & Lunar Tides

Statistically Compare Influence Measured at Creek to Tide Charts

Develop a Statistical Relation Ship

Model Stress Defined By Measured Step Function

Days from Starting Date (1/29/02)

GroundwaterElevation

2 3 4 5 6

Well 88-3-IWell 88-5-SAWell 88-5-IWell 88-7-SAWell 88-1-IWell 88-1-SAWell 88-3-SA

Legend

Safety-KleenBridgeport

Drawn by:CRL

4/4/02

HydrographsGroup A

Time (two min.)

88

.1.I

leve

ls

8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

Comparison of Actual (Black) vs. Predicted (Blue) for 88.1.I

Days from Starting Date (1/29/02)

GroundwaterElevation(ft.amsl)

10 15 20-2

-1

0

1

Legend

Observed Elevation

Predicted Elevation

Tidal Influence: Benefit

Use the Quick Response to Tidal Influences for Calibration Verification

Minor Effect on Capture Zones

Observed All Three Influences in Monitoring Well Even Below Hydraulic Connection

Supply Stress: Data

Waste Lagoons

15 Years of Remediation Continuing 15 Years

Southern Rural Quebec

Designed a Two Week Hydraulic Stress Test

Take Control of the Existing Water Supply Well for the Stress

Implement a Constant Pumping Rate

Built 5 Monitoring Wells

Transducers in 22 Monitoring Wells

Verification Packer Testing

Supply Stress: Stress

Extraction Well Effectively Uncontrollable

Maximize Extraction by Discrete Pumping

Measure Many Stresses in Monitoring Data

Stress Well

Two Significant Rain Events

Stress Well Malfunction

Nearby Remediation Extraction

Supply Stress: Benefit

Excellent Transient Calibration Data

Defines Response of Aquifer to Temporal Stress

Shows Effective Permeability Approach is Appropriate

Much More Data Analysis to Come

30

35

40

45

Eleva

tion(meters

amsl)

Bedrock-2UG

Bedrock-1UG

Bedrock-15

Bedrock-13UG

Bedrock-11UG

Bedrock-12UG

Bedrock-10UG

Bedrock-9UG

Bedrock-8UG

Bedrock-7UG

Bedrock-6UG

Bedrock-5UG

Bedrock-4UG

Bedrock-3UG

Injection-2

Bedrock-16DG

Bedrock-14DG

Injection-4

Injection-1

Injection-3

Bedrock AquiferFlownet

Legend

N

Vertical Exaggeration = 50x

mScale:

2250

Injection Trench

ParticleTraceInjection Well

Extraction Well

Conclusions

Take a Close Look at Natural Stresses to Use for Model Calibration

“Resident” Stress such as Groundwater Supply Extraction is Another Stress Alternative