Hydraulic Machines BME-51 Unit-1
Transcript of Hydraulic Machines BME-51 Unit-1
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1
(Lecture 1)
Lecture contains
Introduction
Impulse Momentum Principle
Application of momentum and momentum
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 1)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 1)
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM EQUATIONS:-
The impulse-momentum equations are derived from the impulse-momentum principle (or simply momentum principle) which states that the impulse exerted on any body is equal to the resulting change in momentum of the body. In other words, this principle is a modified form of Newton’s second law of motion. Newton’s second law of motion states that the resultant external force acting on any body in any direction is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the body in that direction. Thus for any arbitrarily chosen direction x, it may be expressed as,
Fx =d(Mx )/dt ... (1) In which Fx represents the resultant external force in the x-direction and Mxrepresents the momentum in the x-direction. Equation 1 may also be written as
Fx(dt) = d(Mx) ...(2)
In Eq. 2 the term Fx(dt) is impulse and the term d(Mx) is the resulting change of momentum. Equation 2 is thus known as impulse momentum equation. The impulse-momentum relationship in the form as indicated by Eq. 2 is, however, applicable to finite or discrete bodies, for which the action of any force may take place and be completed in a finite period of time. On the other hand, steady flow of fluid involves a motion which is continuous and it is not completed in a finite period of time. Therefore the momentum equation has to be expressed in a form particularly suited to the solution of fluid flow
Problems as explained below.
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 1)
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM EQUATIONS cont….
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 1)
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM EQUATIONS cont….
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 1)
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM EQUATIONS cont….
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 1)
Application of momentum and momentum:-
The impulse-momentum equation, together with the energy equation and the
continuity equation provides the basic mathematical relationships for solving
various engineering problems in fluid mechanics.
Since the impulse-momentum equation relates the resultant external forces on
a chosen free-body of fluid or control volume in a flow passage, to the change
of momentum flux at the two end sections.
It is especially valuable in solving those problems in fluid mechanics in
which detailed information about the flow process within the control volume
may be either not available or rather difficult to evaluate.
Thus in order to apply the impulse-momentum equation, a control volume is
first chosen which includes the portion of the flow passage which is to be
studied. The boundaries of the control volume are usually extended upto such
an extent that its end sections lie in the region of uniform flow.
In general the impulse-momentum equation is used to determine the resultant
forces exerted on the boundaries of a flow passage by a stream of flowing fluid
as the flow changes its direction or the magnitude of velocity or both. The
problems of this type include the pipe bend, jet propulsion, propellers and
stationary and moving plates or vanes.
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 2)
(Lecture 2)
Lecture contains
Introduction to hydro electric power plants
Major components
Efficiencies
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 2)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 2)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 3)
(Lecture 3)
Lecture contains
Impact of Free Jets
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 3)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 3)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 3)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 3)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 3)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1
(Lecture 4)
Lecture contains
Impact of Free Jets
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 4)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 4)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 4)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 4)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 4)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1
(Lecture 5)
Lecture contains
Impact of Free Jets
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 5)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 5)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 5)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 5)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 5)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1
(Lecture 6)
Lecture contains
Impact of Free Jets
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 6)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 6)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 6)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 6)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 6)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 6)
Impact of Free Jets cont…
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1
(Lecture 7)
Lecture contains
Jet Propulsion
Jet Propulsion of ships
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 7)
Jet Propulsion:-
The following cases are important where this principle is used :
(a) Jet propulsion of a tank with an orifice
(b) Jet propulsion of ships
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 7)
Jet Propulsion cont….
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 7)
Jet Propulsion of ships cont….
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1
(Lecture 8)
Lecture contains
Introduction
Classification of turbines
Impulse turbines
Pelton wheel
Constructional details,
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 8)
Introduction
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 8)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 8)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 8)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 8)
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 8) Pelton Wheel
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1
(Lecture 9)
Lecture contains
Velocity triangle and work done for Pelton Wheel
Design aspects
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 9)
Velocity triangle and work done for Pelton Wheel:-
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 9)
Velocity triangle and work done for Pelton Wheel cont….
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 9)
Design aspects:-
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Hydraulic Machines BME-51
Unit-1(Lecture 9)