Hydraulic Lab Final
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Transcript of Hydraulic Lab Final
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PUSAT PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN DAN KELAUTAN
MARINE FLUID POWER LABORATORY
(MMT3102) Module : 2
Title : Introduction to Hydraulic Components
Group : H
Date of Experiment : 28th Sept 2015
Lecturer : Prof. Dr. Wan Mohd Norsani bin Wan Nik
Group member:
Name IC Number Matric No. ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MELLIANI 950413-01-5091 UK33328
KHIU WEI CHING 940418-13-5157 UK33937 MOHAMAD SHAHRUL ANUAR BIN MOHAMAD NORDIN 920917-08-6101 UK34156
NURUL IZZATI BINTI ABDUL SAMAT 950330-14-5974 UK35440 NURUL NASUHA MOHD NOR 951101-05-5224 UK35470
Date of Submission: 5th OCT 2015
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PUSAT PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN KELAUTAN
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
MARIN FLUID POWER (MMT 3102)
MODULE 2
Title: Introduction to Hydraulic components.
Objectives:
1) To know valves and devices of hydraulic components.
2) To understand function and application of various valves and devices of
hydraulic components.
3) To understand of hydraulic symbols.
Equipments:
Hydraulic components.
Theory:
Hydraulic system is the technology that deals with the generation, control, and
transmission of power using pressurized fluid. It can be said that fluid power is the
muscle that moves industry. This is because fluid power is used to push, pull, regulate
or drive virtually all the machine of modern industry.
There are six basic component required in a hydraulic system which is; tank to
hold the hydraulic oil, pump to force the oil through the system, an electric motor or
other power source to drive the pump, valve to control oil direction, pressure, and
flow rate, actuator and piping. For this equipment, there are specific symbol. Refer
books to understand the symbols.
Work Instruction:
1) All the components mounted on the front panel for basic and advanced
hydraulic were observed.
2) List of components were justified as the table shown
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Observation:
Components Symbol Serial no. Function Note/label/
picture/etc
Hydraulic
power pack
0021949 Generates energy to the
system.
Hydraulic hose
Channel hydraulic oil
flow in the hydraulic
system.
4/2 Directional
control valve
with lever
DMG-02-
3C2
Control the direction of
the oil flow in the
hydraulic system
manually with 2 holes
and 4 directions.
4/3 Directional
control valve
with lever
DMG-02-3C6
Control the direction of
the oil flow in the
hydraulic system
manually with 3 ports
and 4 directions.
4/2 Directional
control valve
with solenoid
Control the direction of
the oil flow in the
hydraulic system
electronically with 2
holes and 4 directions.
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4/3 Directional
control valve
with solenoid
SHD-
02G-2B2-
A24D
Control the direction of
oil tint hydraulic
electronic system
which contains 3 ports
and 4 directions.
Manual shut-off
valve
Allow or prevent the
flow of fluid in the
hydraulic system.
Double acting
cylinder
Hydraulically powered
in both directions by
applying fluid pressure
to a specific part
Flow control
valve
To control the flow of
fluid to the actuators.
Pressure
reducing valve
RCD-03-3 To limit the pressure in
a circuit to a lower
value than that required
in the rest of the circuit.
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Pressure control
valve
HCG-03-
1-3
To limit the maximum
pressure (pressure
relief valve), to set
pressure support
(counterbalance valve),
or to alert when a
certain pressure is
achieved (valve
sequence).
Pressure gauge
EN837-1 Measure the pressure
of fluid and consists of
a closed coiled tube
connected to the
chamber or pipe in
which pressure is
sensed. Check valve
Normally allows fluid
to flow through it in
only one direction.
Pressure relief
valve
DG-02-1 To limit the maximum
pressure in the
hydraulic system.
Pilot check
valve
CPDG-03 Allow oil flow in only
one direction but
allows flow in the
opposite direction
when the pilot pressure
applied.
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Flow meter
Reading the hydraulic
oil flow rate in the
system.
Payload
(spring)
cylinder
Spring inside the
cylinder restores the
bore back to original
position when the
pressure decreases.
Hydraulic
motor
To obtain energy from
the fluid and change
into mechanical energy
to enable the work is
done.
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Discussion:
1) Write the report for this justification; which summary of basic working
principle, function, application and etc for each component.
Hydraulic science can be categorized into two types, which is hydrodynamic
and hydrostatic. Hydraulic system is a transmission system that uses
pressurized hydraulic fluid to drive the hydraulic machinery. The term hydrostatic
refers to the transfer of energy from flow and pressure. Hydraulic system are widely
use in the field of industrial technical and vehicles brake system.
Hydraulic system is divided into two parts. The pump that move the fluid
while second is that the cylinders which are used for flows of fluid. Other than that,
there are some basic components in hydraulic system such as tank, hydraulic pump,
hydraulic motor, hydraulic valve, and pipe. The function of the tank is to fill the
hydraulic fluid. The function of the pump is to create the flow of the fluid to the
whole system. Hydraulic power packs are stand-alone devices that act as a pump. The
power pack supplies hydraulic power through a control valve to run another machine.
However, The hydraulic power packs need regular maintenance to prevent leakage.
Next, there are also hydraulic hose which function to transfer energy-
generating liquid between different components to form a complete hydraulic circuit.
The basic hydraulic hose construction involves three layers. These layers help
maintain a consistent and reliable flow of liquid while protecting the overall assembly
from breaking down as a result of wear or abrasion. The three layers are inner tube,
reinforcement layer and outer layer. For the application of hydraulic hose are for
operating a digging tool, hydraulic pipes, tubes and hoses. Large vehicles like
airplanes require hydraulics hose. Pilot valves provide the user with a reliable method
to check flow in one direction, with the ability to remotely signal a free flow through
the valve. Hydraulic hose is also used to combine all components in the hydraulic
system.
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The most common pump used in hydraulic system is the gear pump. Gear
pump cannot create displacement that can be adjusted but can create the volume that
is needed by using constant displacement. While piston pump is to create the reaction
of pumping with moving the piston. Moreover, hydraulic motor is working opposing
with pump that is the fluid has to force in and let it out, changes the fluid force to
mechanical force. There are also pressure gauges which are crucial components of
most processing systems. In these environments, a pressure gauge needs to be
reliable, accurate and easy to read to help prevent failure in any operations.
There are three classifications of hydraulic valves namely directional control
valve, volume control valve, and pressure control valve. The function of directional
control valve is to start, stop, and changes the cylinder and motor. As for volume
control valve, It is to adjust the flow rate of fluid or the acceleration of propellant.
Lastly, The function of pressure control valve is to adjust and limit the force.
Directional control valves are one of the most fundamental parts in hydraulic machine
as well and pneumatic machinery. They allow fluid flow into different paths from one
or more sources. They usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder that is mechanically
or electrically controlled. The movement of the spool restricts or permits the flow,
thus it controls the fluid flow. Pressure-control valves are found in virtually every
hydraulic system, and they assist in a variety of functions, from keeping system
pressures safely below a desired upper limit to maintaining a set pressure in part of a
circuit. Types include relief, reducing, sequence, counterbalance, and unloading. All
of these are normally closed valves, except for reducing valves, which are normally
open. For most of these valves, a restriction is necessary to produce the required
pressure control. One exception is the externally piloted unloading valve, which
depends on an external signal for its actuation.
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Question:
1. Draw the basic hydraulic circuit, which is requiring following component;
Tank, pump, pressure relief valve, pipe, 4/3 Directional control valve with
lever, and double acting cylinder.
2. Define the term of fluid power
Fluid power can be defined as the use of fluids under pressure to generate,
control, transmit power and subdivided into hydraulics system using liquid
such as oil or water whereas pneumatics system uses gas such as air or other
gases to run the system.
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3. List down, different between hydraulic and pneumatic?
Hydraulic Pneumatic Use pressurized liquid as a fluid Use compressed gas, usually air, as a
fluid Hydraulic system can operates at higher
pressures up to 700 bar Pneumatic system usually operates at
lower pressure around 510 bar Usually designed as closed system Generally designed as open system
Valve operations are difficult Valve operations are easy Heavier in weight Lighter in weight
Pumps are used to provide pressurized liquids
Compressors are used to provide compressed gases
Automatic lubrication is provided Special arrangements for lubrication are needed
4. Draw the symbols for the hydraulic components listed below?
a) Hydraulic Pump single variable displacement.
b) Hydraulic tank
c) Reservoir
d) Cooler
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5. Why is hydraulic power especially useful when performing heavy work?
Pascal Principle is applied in hydraulics system where fluids can exert
pressure anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid, which transmitted
energy equally in all direction. This enable the operator to accomplish
significant work such as lifting heavy loads, turning a shaft, drilling precision
and holes with applying force at one point to transmit energy to another point
using incompressible fluid such as oil.
6. Name the six basic component of hydraulic circuit?
Hydraulic Actuator
Hydraulic Pump
Valves
External Power Supply (motor)
Reservoir
Piping
Conclusion To sum it all, in a hydraulic system there are valves and hydraulic components such
as pump, tank, and cylinder. Through this experiment we can have better
understanding of the function and application of various valves and devices of the
hydraulic components. From this experiment we get know most of the hydraulic
symbols.
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Reference:
1. Brater E.F and King, H.W. (1996). Handbook of Hydraulic. WIT Press.
New York. USA
2. Joy, C. M. (1989). Hydraulic Power Transmission In Marine Machinery.
Cornell Maritime Press, USA.
3. Mobley, K. K. (2000). Fluid Power Dynamic, Esevier Science &
Technology Book, USA
4. Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik. (1995). Hidraulik kuasa. Penerbit UTM.
Skudai. Johor.
5. Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik. ( 1999). Kuasa Bendalir. Rekabentuk sistem,
Penyelenggaraan dan Penyelesaian Masalah. Penerbit UTM. Skudai. Johor.