HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OPERATIONS: SEPARATING FACT FROM FICTION
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Transcript of HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OPERATIONS: SEPARATING FACT FROM FICTION
Global Energy Security ForumMiami, FloridaMarch 26, 2013
Mark K. BolingPresident
HYDRAULIC FRACTURINGOPERATIONS:
SEPARATING FACT FROMFICTION
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Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
What areHydraulicFracturingOperations?
Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
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Hydraulic Fracturing Video
Regulatory Considerations
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Surface Considerations
Subsurface Considerations
Surface Considerations
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Air Emissions
Water SupplyWater HandlingWater Reuse & Disposal
Surface Impact• Drilling Locations• Truck Traffic & Road Damage• Infrastructure
Subsurface Considerations
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Protecting Underground Water Resources
Frac Fluid Disclosure
Protecting Underground Water Resources
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Well IntegrityIs the Key!
Well Integrity
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Well Construction Standards2Evaluate Stratigraphic Confinement1
Evaluate Mechanical Integrity of Well3 Monitor Frac Job & Producing Well4
FRESH WATER AQUIFER ZONE
SHALLOW PRODUCING ZONE
CONDUCTOR PIPE
SURFACE CASING
PRODUCTION CASING
TARGET PRODUCING ZONE
GOOD MECHANICAL INTEGRITY
CEMENT CHANNELING
PRESSURE BUILDS UP
CONDUCTOR PIPE
SURFACE CASING
PRODUCTION CASING
FRESH WATER AQUIFER ZONE
SHALLOW PRODUCING ZONE
TARGET PRODUCING ZONE
CA
SIN
G
CEM
ENT
FOR
MAT
ION
Surface Considerations
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Water SupplyWater HandlingWater Reuse & Disposal
Water Supply
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Location, Rate & Timing of
WithdrawalsCumulative Impact
Assessment
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Volumes Needed
Water Handling
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Trucks vs. Pipeline• Truck Traffic• Road Damage Impoundments vs. Tanks
• Closed-Loop Drilling Systems• Recycling Logistics• Air Emissions
Tracking Wastewater• Characterize Wastewater• Record Volumes Produced• Verify Volumes Delivered
Water Reuse & Disposal
Water Recycling & Reuse• Volume and quality of wastewater• Chemical compatibility• Storage and transportation logistics
Water Treatment Facilities• Flowback & produced water
chemistry• Capacity & Capability limitations
(NORM, DBPs, heavy metals)• Central vs. drill site facilities
Water Disposal Wells• Geological & hydrological limitations• NIMBY concerns• Triggered seismicity considerations
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25,000’
IGNEOUSBASEMENT
LIMESTONE
SHALE
TRIGGERED SEISMICITYWATER DISPOSAL WELLWATER DISPOSAL WELL HORIZONTAL SHALE WELL
SAND
The largest recorded seismic event generates the same amount of energy as would be released when dropping a gallon of milk from chest high to the floor.
SHEAR
STRESS
EXISTINGSTRESS
NORMAL
STRESS
NEWSTRESS
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Surface Considerations
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Reduction Technology• Catalytic reduction• Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel• LNG and CNG fuels• Oxidation catalysts• Green completions, vapor recovery
units, low bleed/no bleed pneumatic devices, plunger lift systems, leak detection
Air Emissions
Emission Type• NOx
• SO2
• CO• PM• CH4
• VOCs (incl. BTEX)
Emission Levels• EPA• Industry• State regulators• Research groups
Surface Considerations
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Infrastructure• Compressors• Pipelines• Roads• Water treatment
facilities
Truck Traffic & Road Damage
Drilling Locations• Pit construction• Erosion and
sedimentation• Chemical storage
Surface Impact
Global Energy Security ForumMiami, FloridaMarch 26, 2013
Mark K. BolingPresident
HYDRAULIC FRACTURINGOPERATIONS:
SEPARATING FACT FROMFICTION