HYDRAULICS LABORATORYHYDRAULExperiment No.1Discharge Measurement by Volumetric Method

Discharge (Q) is defined as the volume per unit time. It is express in Metric System as m3 / sec while ft3/ sec in the English system. Therefore, measurement of discharge is done by taking a volume in any outlet part of a pipe system or any system and measuring the time it takes in gaining the particular volume. This manner of discharge measurement is called the volumetric method.

There is another way in measuring discharge, however. We can also determine the discharge of a system by measuring the cross-sectional area of the discharging pipe or system and multiplying it with the velocity of the flow of water in it (Q = VA).

Discharge measurement in the CE Hydraulics laboratory is done through the Synthetic Hydro Experimental Machine or SHEM. A discharge basin was provided where discharge is taken. The opening and closing of this basin is simple that is why timing of the acquisition is made easier. A simple diagram of the SHEM is as follows:

I. Experiment Objectives

The objective of the experiment is to measure the discharge of a system by the volumetric method.

II. Materials and Apparatuses Required

The apparatuses necessary to perform this experiment are the following:

SHEM Apparatus Calibrated Bucket Stopwatch Metric Scale

III. Procedures

1. Weigh the empty bucket.2. Make a discharge just enough to fill the bucket and record the time elapsed.3. Weigh the bucket with water.4. Determine the volume of the water and compute the theoretical discharge .5. Check by direct measurement the volume of water by measuring the volume of the bucket occupied by water and compute for the actual discharge .6. Calculate the average theoretical and actual discharge.7. Compute for the coefficient of discharge c, using;

8. Make five trials.

IV. Laboratory Data

T R I A L S

Unit12345

Weight bucket (empty)N

Weight bucket (filled)N

Weight of liquidN

Volume of liquidm30.010470.011390.011640.011490.01072

Timesec4.14.34.34.74.1

Discharge actualm3 / s2.55x10-32.71x10-32.71 x10-32.4 x10-32.61x10-3

Discharge theoreticalm3 / s2.44x10-32.81 x10-32.54 x10-32.83 x10-32.87 x10-3

Discharge actual (ave)m3 / s2.604x10-3

Discharge theo(ave)m3 / s2.698 x10-3

Coeff. of discharge0.965

V. Observations

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. Conclusions

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VII. Review Questions

I. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. SHEM is the acronym for ______________________.

a) Scientific Hydro Electrical Machineb) Synthetic Hydro Experimental Machinec) Scientific Hydro Experimental Machined) Synthetic Hydro Electrical Machine

2. Discharge is also known as ____________.

a) Velocity Rateb) Flow Ratec) Volume Rated) None of these

3. Which of the following is not a measure of discharge?

a) Volume / timeb) Velocity x Cross sectional areac) Weight / (specific weight x time)d) None of these

4. A volume of fluid taken in ten seconds is 0.45 cubic meter. What is the discharge of the system?

a) 0.045 cubic meter per secondb) 0.45 cubic meter per secondc) 4.5 cubic meter per secondd) None of these

5. The weight of water taken from a system is 10 kN in 15 seconds. If the specific weight of water is 9.81 kN per cubic meter, how much is the discharge of the system?

a) 0.068 cubic meter per secondb) 0.680 cubic meter per secondc) 15.3 cubic meter per secondd) 1.53 cubic meter per second

6. The cross-sectional area of a discharging pipe is 2 square meter and the measured velocity of water is 5 meter per second. What is the discharge?

a) 1 cubic meter per secondb) 10 cubic meter per secondc) 2.5 cubic meter per secondd) 0.25 cubic meter per second

7. What is the part of the SHEM which is provided for easy discharge measurement?

a) discharging binb) discharge pipec) discharge basind) None of these

8. Which of the following is a unit of discharge?

a) weight per secondb) velocity per unit of lengthc) volume per secondd) meter per second9. Which of the following is a unit of velocity?

a) weight per secondb) velocity per unit of lengthc) volume per secondd) meter per second

10. A discharge of 50 cubic feet per minute is how much in meter per second?

a) 54.67b) 0.254c) 0.0236a) None of these

EXPT.No.12