Hydozen Fuel Cell Vehicles

7/23/2019 Hydozen Fuel Cell Vehicles

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HYDROGEN FUEL

CELL VEHICLESSUBMITTED TO:

MR. GAURANG DEEP

[MECHANICAL ENGG. DEPT.]

SUBMITTED BY:ABHAY YADAV

ME-10

REG. NO.-104001

17/8/2012


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CONTENTS

Why do we need a new fuel source?

Where will hydrogen come from?Alternate fuel vehicles

Hydrogen fuel cell

How a hydrogen fuel cell works?

Fuel cell vehicles and Issues

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle infrastructure

Applications of fuel cell technology

Economics,Recommendation

Conclusion


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How will hydrogen fuel cells change

the world?


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Why Do We Need a New Fuel

Source?Currently our machinery runs on oil

Oil pollutes and there are limited supplies

Hydrogen is the most abundant elementin the known universe

Hydrogen fuel cells do not pollute


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Where Will Hydrogen Come

From?Hydrogen is not readily available for

consumer use yet.

To get around this problem, hydrogen will

be extracted from other, more

conventional types of fuels by a device

called a reformer.

A fuel like natural gas is reformed into

hydrogen which will then go on to power

a fuel cell.


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Where Will Hydrogen Come

From?Natural gas comes from mostly the US, so

even before the switch to pure hydrogen is

made, we will get our fuel domestically.

Natural gas production could peak by

2025


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Alternate Fuel Vehicles

Hybrids

Here now, but still

require gas

Ethanol/E85

Pushed by GM

More expensive, just

as dirty?


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Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Internal Combustion

Hydrogen

Slightly modified form

of internal combustionengine

Burns hydrogen,

produces pure water

exhaust Serious range

problems

BMW has broken severalspeed records forhydrogen cars and isbanking on cars that canrun successfully on bothgas and hydrogen


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Hydrogen Fuel Cells

An old idea whose time has come

Fuel cells invented in 1838 by Swiss scientist

Christian Friedrich Schnbein

Aspects of engines as well as batteries

No pollution emitted

PEM FCs ideal for light-duty vehicles,

buildings & much smaller applications


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How A Hydrogen Fuel Cell Works

Hydrogen fuel cells are very efficient compared

to what we have now.


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Fuel Cell Vehicles

Being pushed by car companies themselves DaimlerChrysler Several test cars in Japan and

Singapore; UPS vans in 2003-04 in U.S.

Ford 40-60 vehicles in Germany, Canada,California; widespread production by 2010

GM wants to be first company to sell 1M FCVprofitably; started with fuel cell backup systems in2005. Prototype is Hy-wire

Also Honda, Nissan, Toyota, Hyundai, VW, Mazda,others have FCV prototypes on the road

Severing connection with gas prices?


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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Issues

Storage is

complicated

Limited range

Expensive fuel

Still a fossil fuel?

Energy carrier, notenergy source

*Infrastructure*


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Hydrogen Sources


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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle

Infrastructure

Hydrogen Production

Almost all of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. today

is by steam reforming of natural gas

Produce hydrogen directly from new nuclear powerreactors?

R&D into several new methods:

Biological Water Splitting

Photoelectrochemical Water SplittingReforming of Biomass and Wastes

Solar Thermal Water Splitting

Renewable Electrolysis


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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle

Infrastructure

The Hydrogen Highway

Worlds first hydrogen

refueling station opened

in Iceland in 2003

California & Florida have

both approved funding

BC Hydrogen Highwaywill link Vancouver &

Whistler by start of 2010

Winter Olympic Games


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Environment

Why we are pursuing Hydrogen FCVs(?)

Emissions free

There are costs associated withenvironmental

damage


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Hydrogen Powered Cars

Hydrogen cars run clean.

500 cubic tons of carbon removed from

atmosphere by 2040

New design possibilities

because of compact

hydrogen fuel cellstack.

Stack of 200 cells

is the size of a


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Hydrogen Powered Cars

Quieter operation than normal cars

because of no moving parts in the fuel cell

stack and electric motors at the wheels.

Possibility of interchangeable bodies.


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Honda FCX Concept Car

Max speed 93 Mph

80hp produced

201 lb-ft torqueNo snap-on body

More realistic

5th generation


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Storage & Efficiency

Two storage options1. Produce the hydrogen on the ground and then store

it onboard the vehicle (the direct hydrogen option)

2. Produce the hydrogen on the vehicle by means of a

tiny onboard hydrogen plant (the onboard fuelprocessor option)

Hydrogen FCs 2 times as efficient as internalcombustion

Internal combustion efficiency 15-25% Hydrogen FCs 50-60%

Estimates that FC Vehicles can achieveequivalent of 80 miles/gallon gasoline.


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Applications of Fuel Cell

Technology

Cars

Buses

Space Travel & ExplorationAirplanes

Submarines

Off-grid Power SupplyCombined Heat & Power


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Economics

Current projections several times theprice of standard cars

Flexibility of oil industry

Manipulation of supply to keep oil just cheapenough

At what point does it become worthwhile toconsumers?

Cost of gas + environmental costs + dependencycosts (political, militarily, social) > Cost of fuel cellcars + hydrogen fuel???


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Economics

Only 2 ways to reduce

our dependence on

foreign oil

Increase production Decrease demand

The push for hydrogen

fuel cell technology in

cars represents thesecond


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So Where Are We At?

Hydrogen is only type of energy that can provide

a wholesale substitute for foreign oil within a

decade

Clean, twice as efficient as internal combustion,and plentiful

But like manned space flight in early 60s,

hydrogen fuel cells are proven but primitive

Do we need a 10 year goal ala Kennedy?

Currently several times (10x?) more expensive


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Recommendation

We should aggressively pursue hydrogen fuelcell vehicles

There are definite issues, but nothing compared

to the economic, political and environmentalissues associated with being wholly dependenton oil.

A Kennedy-type goal, combined with gas prices

continuing to rise at the current rate could get usthere by 2010-15, possibly even sooner.

Americans will need to look beyond the stickerprice


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Conclusion

Hydrogen fuel cells will dramatically

change our cars, how are homes and

businesses are powered and heated, and

it both positively and negatively changeplaces like the Middle East and third world

countries. They will also clean up the

worlds air.


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Bibliography

How Does a Fuel Cell Work.

http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fuelcell/how_fl.shtml

Hydrogen Fuel Initiative Can Make Fundamental

Difference: Remarks by the President on Energy

Independence.http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/release/2003/02

Lavelle, Marianne. Living Without Oil. US News

and World Report. 17 Feb.2003. Page 32.

Rifkin, Jeremy. The Hydrogen Economy.

Tarcher/Putnam. New York. 2002.

U.S. Oil Imports - Top 10 Countries of Origin.

http://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/archives/fotw246.shtml
http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fuelcell/how_fl.shtmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/news/release/2003/02http://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/archives/fotw246.shtmlhttp://www.ott.doe.gov/facts/archives/fotw246.shtmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/news/release/2003/02http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fuelcell/how_fl.shtml


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THANK

YOU


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