Hybrids - Green design of Maritime and Offshore vessels v2a

DNV GL © 2015-04-24 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © Rev 2

2015-04-24

Mr. Geir Dahler, Machinery & Systems, Maritime Advisory - Norway

MARITIME

Green design of Maritime and Offshore vessels

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Hybrid design

DNV GL © 2015-04-24

Hybrid marine power-systems

� Purpose:

– Reduced environmental impacts / emissions (NOX, CO2, methane…)

– Reduced fuel costs

– Reduced maintenance costs

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Hybrid marine power-systems

� “Knowledge-based” and “optimised” operations:

(Intelligent utilisation of the ship’s load-profile)

– Efficient use of low-load running time

– Large amount of low-load operation

– Stand by power (available power / overcapacity for charging etc.)

– Efficient use of high-load running time

– High transient-load capacity

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Hybrid power and propulsion system

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AUXILIARIES

BATTERY

Diesel- & Gas ENGINES gen-sets

FUEL CELL

Switch PROPULSION

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Shore Power

Alternatives ! E.g. solar power?

Power regeneration

WHR

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Example; PSV Edda Ferd by Østensjø Rederi + Siemens Bluedrive Plus C

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Example; Ships for pure battery operation – Ampere by Norled

Ships with frequent stays in port and relatively low energy needs

� Ferries, passenger vessels, short sea shipping

� Available port power and sufficient charging time, 5 to 10 minutes

� Max 60 minutes crossing and max 20 knots. However we have Re-Volt

� Savings in fuel costs: 50% to 80% in Norway (crude oil price $ 100)

� Pay back depending on electricity prices and investments on land

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Maritime battery systems – What is happening?� Eidesvik: Viking Lady, hybrid supply vessel, retrofit in Norway 2013

� Østensjø: Edda Ferd, hybrid supply vessel, construction Astilleros in Spain 2013

� Østensjø: large hybrid offshore construction vessel, construction Kleven in Norway 2016

� Fafnir Offshore: hybrid supply vessel, construction Havyard Ship Technology's yard in Leirvik, Norway.

� Selfa Arctic: hybrid fishing boat, construction in Norway 2014

� SVITZER: 4 battery hybrid tugboats, construction of ASL Marine in Singapore

� KOTUG: RT Adriaan, hybrid tugboat in Rotterdam, retrofit 2012

� Foss: Carolyn Dorothy hybrid tug of LA, buildings Foss' Rainier Shipyard in USA, 2009

� Foss: Campbell Foss hybrid tug of LA, retrofit Foss' Rainier Shipyard in USA, 2012

� NORLED: Finnøy, hybrid ferry, retrofit 2013 in Norway

� NORLED: Folgefonn, hybrid/pure battery ferry 2014 in Norway

� Fjord1: Fannefjord LNG, hybrid ferry, retrofit

� Scottish Government: Hybrid ferry in Scotland, construction of Ferguson in Glasgow

� Scandlines: 4 battery hybrid ferries, retrofit 2013

� University of Victoria: Tsekola II, hybrid research vessel, retrofit in Canada

� NORLED: 100 % battery ferry, new building Fjellstrand in Norway 2015

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DNV GL © 2015-04-24

Maritime batteries – What is happening?

� Electrification with Li-ion batteries - a global trend across sectors

� Hybridization with Li-ion batteries

– can produce significant reductions in fuel consumption, maintenance and pollution

– improve ship responsiveness, operational time and safety

– may be a storage platform for black out power, energy recovery, use of renewable energy

– enhances LNG based solutions

– maritime power system providers are positioning themselves

– Maritime Battery Forum is established

– Green coastal shipping program is established

� Will provide a significant market penetration and environmental savings

– In the future, most ships and vessels will be hybrid or plug-in hybrid

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Ships for battery hybrid operation

� Ferries

� Offshore Vessels

� Tugs

� Dry cargo with cranes

� Research ships

� Wind Vessels

� Special ships / Ice breakers

� Passenger ships

� FPSO

� Shuttle tankers

� Passenger

� Military

� Auxiliary engines in deep sea shipping

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� Hybridization

- ships with low engine utilization in periods, or

- ships with large power variations

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AUXILIARIES

BATTERY

Diesel- & Gas ENGINES gen-sets

FUEL CELL

Switch PROPULSION

FUEL CELL –additional power

ENGINE gen-sets – main power source

BATTERY– additional power (for transients)

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Fuel consumption vs. diesel-engine load – Efficiency

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Battery hybridization – low engine utilization

� Batteries can reduce fuel

consumption, maintenance and

emissions

� Diesel engines run at optimal

load, when they first run

Battery-only mode

� In waiting situations

� In environmental sensitive areas

� In port

Plug-in hybrids can provide

further benefits

Typical Load Profile Diesel Engine - No battery

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Optimal Load Factor

100%

50%

Time

Optimal Load Factor

100%

50%

Time

Optimized Load Profile Diesel Engine - Battery

In portIn port

Battery only

Battery only

Battery only

DNV GL © 2015-04-24

Battery hybridization – black out and boost power

Typical Load Profile Diesel Engine - No battery

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Optimal Load Factor

100%

50%

Time

Optimal Load Factor

100%

50%

Time

In portIn port

Battery only

Battery only

Battery only

BoostThe battery can provide effective

and non-expensive

• black out power reserve

• boost power

Optimized Load Profile Diesel Engine - Battery

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Battery: Size, Weight & Performance – Load Response

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Comparable size and weight

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Battery hybridization – large power variations

FellowSHIP III – Offshore Supply

• Much time with suboptimal engine load and high fuel consumption

• Rapid changes in effect burn more fuel is not good for the engine and emissions

PSV PSV (DP-mode)

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Battery hybridization – large power variations; “Let the diesel-engines run at steady load, and let the batteries do the transients”

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Battery discharges when power demand is greater than the Diesel engine output:

Battery chargeswhen power demand is less than the Diesel engine output:

We now have:1. Optimal

load2. Reduced

transients3. Regenerativ

e braking

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The hybrid system uses less fuel and requires less maintenance and has annual savings of 110,000 $

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313 tons used 217 tons used

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Economy for hybrid ships - general examples (crude oil price $100)

Hybrid system cost ≈ $2,000,000Annual fuel costs ≈ $2,500,000Savings potential ≈ 15%Annual savings ≈ $375,000

Pay back < 5 years

Hybrid system cost ≈ $1,000,000Annual fuel costs ≈ $800,000Savings potential ≈ 30%Annual savings ≈ $240,000

Pay back < 4 years

Hybrid system cost ≈ $300,000Annual fuel costs ≈ $250,000Savings potential ≈ 30%Annual savings ≈ $75,000

Pay back < 4 years

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Reduce local emissions

Batteries can eliminate or significantly reduce emissions

in emission sensitive areas

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The DNV GL approach – Available decision support tools

� Training – Introduction to Maritime Battery Systems

� Tentative DNV Rules for Battery Power

� DNV GL Guideline for Large Maritime Battery Systems

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Feasibility

Studies

Outline

Specification

Design and

ProcurementFabrication Testing

Installation and

Commissioning

Operation and

Maintenance

Why independent assessments at an early stage?

• A second pair of eyes to spot errors/weaknesses early, and save costs

• Enlarged negotiation power towards battery vendors

• Increased confidence for owner, charterer, investor and other stake holders

� Platform for qualification of battery related systems

� Battery Ready - Technical, economic and environmental performance analyses

� Battery sizing and optimization analyses

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DNV GL Battery Course

Why battery systems in the maritime sector?

Battery basics with focus on Li-ion technology

Main factors for a safe and cost effective battery system

Class requirements for battery systems as a part of propulsion

Risk analyses

Technical, economic and environmental related analyses

Incentives and financial support in Norway

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Strategy for improved ship safety, regularity and economy –Battery Ready

New building or retrofit

� High level technical feasibility study based on the vessel’s operational profile

� High-level financial analysis including both investment and operational costs

� Outline the necessary requirements for a Battery Ready design

� Concept design review / HAZID

� Approval in Principle

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VALUE DELIVERED

Tougher competition and environmental regulations• Lower demand and rates• High and fluctuating fuel costs• Risks related to future regulations?• Attractiveness of old technology?

CHALLENGE

DNV SOLUTION

� Cost-benefit assessment illustrates the vessel’s performance to ship owner and charterers

� Cost-benefit assessment pinpoints when a full implementation is attractive

� Cost reductions from optimization of engine/motor size vs. battery size

� Independent and credible battery sizing & optimization

� Enlarged negotiation power towards battery vendors

� A second pair of eyes to spot errors/weaknesses early, and thereby save costs

� Increased confidence for owner, charterer, investor and other stake holders

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Example;Duration (life) and safety for Li-ion batteries in marine conditions

� Size

� Life

� Safety

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Maritime Battery Forum

Ensure that Norway is a world leader within battery based value adding

� Act as a driver in the development of future industry policy, and improve

frameworks and incentives

� Influence business and the public sector as a buyer and initiate pilot projects

� Establish a world class competence centre and corresponding information

platform for maritime battery based enterprises (within markets, innovation,

events, research, finance, regulations, and initiatives)

� Act as a point of contact between relevant international organizations (IMO,

IMarEST, NAATBat, etc.) and cooperate with relevant national organizations

(MCTW, NFB, etc.)

� Discussion forum with member meetings twice per year. A meeting place where

government representatives, members, and other invited parties can present and

discuss key issues

� Organize a yearly seminar and workshops according to needs

� Establish action plans which support the Norwegian government’s goals for

environmentally friendly shipping

� Establish and facilitate working groups with specific mandates

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Hybrid power systems – In a nut shell

� Good investment

� Improved ship responsiveness, regularity and

safety

� Increased robustness

– Increases in fuel prices

– Changes to stricter environmental regulations

� Improved environmental profile and reputation

� Acquired competence in a future oriented

technology

� Decision support tools are available

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Hybrids - Green design of Maritime and Offshore vessels v2a

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