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HYBRID WARFARE IN UKRAINEEW DOMAIN

General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Major General Borys KREMENETSKYIDefence and Air Attache, Embassy of Ukraine to the UK

Russia’s aggressive policy

AZERBAIJAN (NAGORNO-KARABAH) – 1990

MOLDOVA (TRANSDNIESTRIA) - 1992

GEORGIA (ABKHAZIA) – 1992

TAJIKISTAN – 1992 – 1995

CHECHNYA – 1995 – 2001

GEORGIA (SOUTHERN OSSETIA) – 2008

UKRAINE – 2014 – on going

SYRIA – 2015

Lybia ????????

Baltics????????

MEDLING ELECTIONS, REFERENDUMS

WHO IS NEXT????

• persuasion the International community of inevitability the Russia’s protectorate over former Soviet republics, including Ukraine;

• destruction of the economy and the Armed Forces of Ukraine by using high-ranking agents of influence and corruption schemes;

• implementation the policy of interference in the relations between Ukraine and the West;

• economic dependence on Russia all neighboring countries ;• reincarnation of the ‘Russian World’ idea.

‘HYBRID WARFARE’ IS A TOOL OF IMPLEMENTATION RUSSIA’S GEOPOLITICAL GOALS

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«HYRID WAR» DIMENSIONS

IDE

OL

OG

Y

INFORMATION

MILITARY

SOCIAL-POLITIC

DIPLOMATIC

ECONOMICAL

TERRORIST

«HYBRID WARFARE» TOOLKIT

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6INFORMATION DIMENSION

of the «HYBRID WAR»

IDEOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE RUSSIA’S INFORMATION WAR AGAINST UKRAINE

•Under mottoes of developmentthe communities of people who loves Russianlanguage and culture, Russia creates networksof influence agents in foreign states

Pax Russica

(Russian World)

•Russia poses itself as the “Great State” that is the core of the new Eurasian geopolitical project created in opposition to “US-led Atlanticism”

Eurasianism

•Russia poses itself as the “Stronghold of the Orthodox Christianity and Morality”, but uses religion to influence on people in states with the strong Orthodox tradition (e.g. Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Greece, Serbia etc.)

RussianOrthodox

Church

•Russia uses antifascism rhetoric for pinning negative labels on Ukrainian patriotic movements in accordance to its anti-Ukraine propaganda goals

Anti-fascism

EXAMPLE OF PROPAGANDA

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9SOCIAL-POLITIC DIMENSION

of the «HYBRID WAR»

Creation & support of the «Fifth column»

Communist Party of Ukraine

Bessarabia Peoples Council

Odessa Peoples Militia

Progressive socialist party of Ukraine

Peoples movement “Ukrainian choice”

10DIPLOMATIC DIMENSION

of the «HYBRID WAR»

11ECONOMICAL DIMENSION

of the «HYBRID WAR»

Seizing the property of more then four hundreds

Crimea companies –1,18 trillon Hrn.

Decline in industrial

production

11%

35%

Reduction in coal production

GDP decline

7%

20%Removal of economic potential from

circulation

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13MILITARY FEATURES

of the «HYBRID WAR»

55 000

440

2 000

500

390

130

30

2

200

4

up to 11 000

200

525

150

90

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SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF ARTILLERY

ELECTRONIC WARFARE

RUSSIAN FORCES DEPLOYMENT ON ROTATION

BASIS

NEW ARMS TESTING, MASTERING NEW COMBAT

TECHNICS, ACQUIRING COMBAT EXPERIENCE

PRIORITIZED ACTIONS OF RUSSIAN SABOTAGE GROUPS

14TERRORIST ACTIVITIES

OF THE INSURGENTS

foreign mercenaries

criminals

local population mobilized

representatives of the patriotic movements of RF

34 000

530

850

550

300

50

2/1 омсбр

3/1 омсбр

3/9 ошмсп мп

1/9 ошмсп мп

17 отбр54 орб

RUSSIAN UAV’S ACTIVITY

Умовні позначенняРайон застосування БПЛА тактичного

рівня

Маршрут руху БПЛА оперативно-

тактичного рівня

Маршрут руху БПЛА оперативно-

тактичного рівня з перетином ДКУ

Granat -1

Granat-2

Orlan-10

2018 - 741 cases of the of

enemy UAV usage observed

MARIUPOL

DONETSK

LUHANSK

Frequency of UAV

usage in 2019:

Daily average - 1-3

flights; in case of

favorable weather

conditions – up to 10

flights

Armored vehicleBPM-97 “Vystrel”

Artillery rocket missile complex“Pantsyr-С”

Antitank rocket complex“Konkurs-М”

RF produced weaponry and equipment found

in the Eastern Ukraine (never used by UAF)ARMOR Air Defence Antitank Armament

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

UAV “Eleron-3СВ” UAV “Takhion” UAV “Orlan-10”

Мариуполь

1 мсб

Новоазовск

УКРАИНА

REW station “LEER-2” REW station “Shypovnyk--aero”

Mini UAV “ZALA”

Small-size navigation equipment 14C822 “Grot-m"Radio “Azart-P1”

REW station R-330G “Gytel’”

REW station R-330М1P “Diabazol” Artillery radar system “Rys’”

Mobile patrol complex“Patriot-OKAPI”

UAV “Dozor-100” UAV“Takhion”

RUSSIAN MADE WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT USED

IN THE EASTERN UKRAINE

RUSSIAN ARMED FORCES PRIORITIES

in EW in the EASTERN UKRAINE

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PRIORITIES

1

To suppress

enemy’s UAV by

deployment of

Jamming

stations

R-330Zh

“SHYPOVNIK –

AERO”

2

Jamming of VHF

and UHF, GSM

communication by

deployment of

BORISOGLEBSK -2

AND INFAUNA SPR-

2M SYSTEMS

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EW SYTEMS AND

STRIKE WEAPONS

INTEGRATION

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DETECTIONS OF

THE INFORMATION

LEAKAGE

CHANELS AND

THEIR Suppression

Systems SVET-KU,

“Dziudoist”

“Шиповник”Р-330Ж “Інфауна”СПР-2М Р-330БМВР-378БМВ

Radio jamming platoon (HF)

Command Platoon

Radio Jamming Platoon (UHF Aerial Radio)

Radio Jamming Platoon*

CommandRadio jamming platoon (radiocommunication, satellite communicationsystems, mobile communication, landusers of satellite navigation system“NAVSTAR”, jamming of the explosion ofradio controlled explosives and radio linesof control of explosions of high-explosives)

ELECTRONIC WARFARE AS A TOOL OF INFORMATION WAR

Unmanned aviation system “Leer-3” Frequency rangesion, MHz 890-915;

935-960;

1710-1785;

1805-1880

Range communication

blocking zone, km6

Number of blocked

subscriber at a time15000

UAV “Orlan-10” 2

Time of deployment on the

run, min30

Crew 5

“Leer-3”: not only jamming GSM receivers,

but distribution SMS-messages (GSM and Internet)

separate electronic warfare company (corps level)

EXAMPLES OF SMS, RECEIVED BY UKRAINIAN SOLDIERS IN ATO AREA VIA “LEER-3 ” SYSTEM

Soldier of Ukrainian Army – better stay alive than become

dead here!

Nobody care of you but your family!

You should know that your beloved

will condemn Kiev’s authorities when

you die

Killer from Ukrainian Army – East won’t

forget your, West will never remember!

What people will do with ATO

participants when Kiev’s Junta escape?

21Electronic Interference Station Р-378BMVfrom “Borisoglebsk-2” SYSTEM

Territory of Ukraine

Pictured 18.12.2014, in Internet since 08.05.2016

JAMMING STATION R-330BMVAS PART OF BORISOGLEBSK-2 SYSTEM

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Jamming, interference and signal intelligence

frequencies, МHz

25 – 960

TRANSPORTATION OF R-330BMV

TOWARDS UKRAINE TERITORY,

26.05.2015

EW STATION RB-531B “INFAUNA”

RB-531B “INFAUNA”

22.06.2014,

OCCUPIUED TERRITORY OF

DONETSK REGION

Jamming, interference and

signal intelligence

frequencies, МHz

25 – 2500

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MOBILE AUTOMATED RADIO CONTROL SYSTEM“DZIUDOIST”

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16.01.2015, 12.40 – LUGANSK, Shopping Center AURORA

TOT of Ukraine

INTERFERENCE AND JAMMING STATION SPR-2M “Rtut’-BМ”On the TOT of Ukraine (Donetsk Region)

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Interference System SPR-2M at

TOPAZ Factory.

Pictured July 2015, tactical Sign 25

in Romb belongs to the Russian

proxies unit 08821 (Donetsk)

На території України

INTERFERENCE AND JAMMING STATION SPR-2М “Rtut’-BМ”On the TOT of Ukraine (Lugansk Region)

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Interference System SPR-2M at Lugansk Airport area.

Pictured 21.09.2016, tactical Sign 18 in Square belongs to the Russian proxies unit

05776

TOT of Ukraine

EW System “SHIPOVNIK-AERO”On TOT of Ukraine Donetsk Region

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22.07.2016 Donetsk city center

“SHIPOVNIK - AERO.

Yandex maps picture

“Terraserver”

RUSSIAN EW UNITS on the TOT of UKRAINE28

RB-636

R0330

R-330Z

12.11.2016

West side of Bryanka town, Donetsk reg.

RB-636

R-330Z Antennas trailer

R-330 Zh Antennas trailer

R-330Zh

JAMMING SYSTEM R-330Zh(Makeevka, Donetsk Reg, April 2016)

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JAMMING SYSTEM R-330Zh(Avdeevka, Donetsk Reg., 14.07.2016)

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R-934BMVR-934UМV

RUSSIAN UHF JAMMING SYSTEMS

signal intelligence frequencies,

МHz

100 – 2000

Jamming frequencies, МHz 100 – 400

signal intelligence frequencies, МHz

100 – 400

Jamming frequencies, МHz 100 – 150,

150 – 220,

220 – 400

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STATION “MURMANSK-BN”(CRIMEA, cape FIOLENT)

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Satellite

picture

26.03.2015

STATION “MURMANSK-BN” (CRIMEA, cap FIOLENT)

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EW SYSTEMS

WAY AHEAD

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“INFAUNA”

SIGINT

JAMMING

ARMOREDIED PROTECTION

SPR-2М “RTUT-BМ”

PROTECTION FROM THE

RADIO CONTROLLED

FUSES

SIGINTSUPPRESION

JAMMING

R-330Zh “Zhytel”

GSM 1800JAMMING

IMMARSAT, IRIDIUM

JAMMING

GPS JAMMING

“LEER-2”

SIGINT

INTERFARENCE SIMULATION OF RADIO ACTIVITY

MULTIFUNCTIONAL EW COMPLEXES

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Ukrainian National

CapacitiesConsistent Western

Policy and Attitude

Political Influence

(Pressure)

Internal Political

Stability and

Resilience

Military

Capabilities and

Capacities

Technological

Embargoes

The Strategy of

Deterrence Economical

Sanctions

Reliable and Stable

Channel of

Communication

Modern Strategy of Deterrence of Russian Aggression

STRONGER TOGETHER

QUESTIONS ?