WELCOME

KERALA UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

KUMARAPURAM

B.Ed. COURSE 2013-2014SEMESTER II

OPTIONAL: NATURAL SCIENCEPOWERPOINT PRESENTATION

Submitted toLesha Teacher

Submitted byArchana s s Nair

HYBRID VARIETY ANIMALS(CATTLES)

In biology a hybrid is an offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species, or genera.[Using genetics terminology, it may be defined as follows. In general usage, hybrid is synonymous with heterozygous any offspring resulting from the breeding of two genetically distinct individuals. A genetic hybrid carries two different alleles of the same gene. A structural hybrid results from the fusion of gametes that have differing structure in at least one chromosome as a result of structural abnormalities. A numerical hybrid results from the fusion of gametes having different haploid numbers of chromosomes. A permanent hybrid is a situation where only the heterozygous genotype occurs, because all homozygous combinations are lethal.

INTRODUCTION

HYBRIDISATION

It is an artificial method of developing high quality plants and animals.

The offspring's produced by hybridization are called hybrids.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID VARIETIES

High Yield

Disease Resistance

Desirable characters

Tolerance to climate

High production capacity

HYBRIDISATION IN ANIMALS

Hybridization is utilized for developing improved varieties of animals as well.

There a number of institutions in our state which have gained in developing high yield varieties of animals.

Eg: Sunandini, Jersey, Swissbrown etc

SUNANDINI• A very high yielding cross breeding cow specially suited for kerala.• It is developed in Indo Swiss Project at Mattupetty near Munnar.

VECHUR COW

• Vechur cow is Kerala's own variety of cattle.•They are the smallest cows in the world.• They are commonly seen as brown color.

PECULARITIES OF VECHUR COW

High milk yielding capacity.

High disease resistance.

Recently they reached the edge of extinction.

As result of the combined efforts of Kerala Agriculture University and ICAR they get rebirth .

INDIAN VARIETY CATTLESAHIWAL REDSINDHI

PECULARITIES OF INDIAN VARIETY

Resistance to disease is high.

Easy to rear.

Weight of female less.

Milk production is low.

Milk production period is short.

FOREIGN VARIETY CATTLESWISSBROWN JERSEY CROSS

PECULARITIES OF FOREIGN VARIETYResistance to disease is low.

Need more care.

More weight .

Milk production is high.

Milk production period is long.

BENEFITS OF HYBRID VARIETY CATTLES

Through hybridization we get high yielding varieties.

Increasing milk production.

High longevity.

High immunity to disease.

CATTLE RESEARCH CENTRES

Indian Council of Agriculture Research Centre, New Delhi.

Alamatty, Tamil Nadu

Surat Gargh, Rajasthan

Dharm road, Gujarat

Hassarhotta, Karnataka

CONCLUSIONHybrid variety animals are high yielding.

But it is not good to depend on hybrid varieties by fully avoiding our native variety animals. They are a part of our valuable biological wealth. The hybrid breeds are resulted from the crosses between local varieties having some desirable characters with high yielding foreign varieties. So the disappearance of native varieties can lost even the possibility of the production of hybrid varieties itself. So it is equally importance to maintain our native varieties along with the high yield hybrid varieties.

REFERENCERieger, R.; Michaelis A.; Green, M. M. (1991). Glossary

Of Genetics (5th Ed.). Springer

Dr. Valsala Kumar, Msc Phil(phd)(zoology), (2008);

New Jyothi Publications.Gerard J Tortora; Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

(13th edition)

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