Hy d What is ro gen? - The Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell ...
1
solution Green energy e e e e e e e HH HH HH HH o o e 2H 2 O 2 O 2 (Oxygen) from air Fuel H 2 (Hydrogen) Surplus fuel recirculates Heat (85˚C) Water or air cooled Air + water vapor Flow field plate Gas diffusion layer Catalyst Proton exchange membrane H 2 O SOURCE: Wikipedia Membrane electrode assembly This is five to six times the amount of energy to power New York City every year. Hydrogen uses could be quickly and easily expanded through existing natural gas pipeline networks. In the U.S. alone there are: SOURCE: Energy at Work: Upgrading America’s Energy Infrastructure, December 2017 unique pipeline systems 210+ miles of pipelines interconnection points cubic feet of natural gas from production sites to demand centers in 2016 300,000 1,400 32 trillion 1 Building heat and power 2 Energy Storage & Power Generation 3 Transportation 5 Industry Hydrogen can heat and power buildings in regions with existing natural gas networks. It can be blended with natural gas, converted to synthetic natural gas, or replace natural gas entirely in dedicated hydrogen networks. An energy grid powered by wind and solar can be unreliable due to changing weather. A “power-to-gas” facility can convert renewable power into hydrogen gas for storage and used when needed. Refining Fertilizer Chemical production Feedstock is the raw material to supply or fuel machines and industrial processes. C C C SOURCE: Hydrogen Council, McKinsey Enabling large-scale renewable energy integration and power generation Providing clean feedstock for industry. Distributing energy across sectors and regions Acting as a buffer to increase energy system resilience Decarbonizing transportation Decarbonizing industrial energy use Helping to decarbonize building heat and power CO2 CO 2 H BUSINESSES THE ENERGY SYSTEM THE ENVIRONMENT Removal of 6 gigatons (“Gt”) of CO 2 emissions Employment for more than 30 million people Creation of a $2.5-trillion market for hydrogen and fuel cell technology By 2050, Hydrogen could power: This is just the beginning for hydrogen. As fuel cell technology becomes more powerful, its uses are expected to increase. CARS >400m TRUCKS 15-20m BUSES 5m The key to hydrogen fuel cell adoption is access to sources of hydrogen, just like a gas station. Countries around the world are building the infrastructure to make this possible. Timeline of Mass Adoption: Hydrogen technology exists and is ready for deployment Annual global energy demand supplied with hydrogen (exajoules) Hydrogen’s wide usage will dramatically increase its demand. SOURCE: World Economic Forum How is hydrogen today? being used Hydrogen can serve as an energy carrier that can improve the reliability of renewable energy. Fuel Cell powered by hydrogen, are no-compromise and emission-free, offering long operating range and fast refueling. Vehicles (FCVs) such as boilers, steam generators, and furnaces can be retrofitted to run on hydrogen or a combination with other fuels. accounts for a third of energy consumption and a quarter of CO2 emissions. steel and chemical plants in Europe, North America, and Japan uses hydrogen for low-carbon production. One in ten Industrial equipment Industry Hydrogen is a known and well used fuel today but fuel cell technology will unlock the next generation of hydrogen use. Hydrogen A simple reaction provides emissions- free power. Oxygen Electricity (Power) + Water Vapor = + is a device that converts chemical potential energy (energy stored in molecular bonds) into electrical energy. A fuel cell 4 Industry energy feedstock 55 million tons are currently used annually as a feedstock in: of hydrogen for NASA's Gemini and Apollo space capsules. Today, the space shuttle’s electricity is provided by fuel cells which also produce drinking water for the astronauts. In the early 1960s, General Electric produced the fuel-cell-based electrical power system Hydrogen fuel and fuel cell technology delivers green solutions in ways. 7 Hydrogen and fuel cells are the 21st-century energy powerhouse with unlimited potential for a cleaner and self-sustaining future. C SOURCE: Hydrogen Council, McKinsey 78 9 22 16 11 9 10 28 14 10 8 2015 2020 2030 2040 2050 Existing feedstock uses SOURCE: Hydrogen Council, McKinsey Transportation Industrial energy Building heating & power Industry feedstock Power Generation How big is 1 EJ? It is roughly equivalent to one day of the world’s total final energy demand. SOURCE: NYISO H 2 THE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL O 2 Fuel Cell Powered Train H 2 STORAGE FUEL CELL SYSTEM Fuel Cell Powered Bus Transportation Industrial energy Building heating & power Industry feedstock Power Generation 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 FORKLIFTS MEDIUM AND LARGE CARS TAXIS CITY BUSES TRAMS/RAILWAYS VANS COACHES SYNFUEL (FREIGHT SHIPS AND AVIATION) SMALL CARS BLENDED HYDROGEN HEATING PURE HYDROGEN HEATING LOW/MEDIUM INDUSTRY HEAT HIGH- GRADE INDUSTRY HEAT STEELMAKING CCU (METHANOL, OLEFINS, BTX) TRUCKS POWER GENERATION, BALANCING, BUFFERING H H SOURCE: Hydrogen Roadmap Europe Report 2019 Start of commercialization Mass market adoption As a result, hydrogen will become a part of the green energy mix and help to decarbonize the economy. is already a powerful element for emission-free energy but fuel cell technology is set to unleash its massive potential for a sustainable future. Hydrogen Hydrogen fueled the explosion that created the cosmos. Hydrogen fueled the explosion that created the cosmos. The Evolution of As a result, hydrogen will become a part of the green energy mix and help to decarbonize the economy. is already a powerful element for emission-free energy but fuel cell technology is set to unleash its massive potential for a sustainable future. Hydrogen visualcapitalist.com @visualcap /visualcapitalist Hydrogen? What is Hydrogen It is rarely found in its elemental state on Earth. 1 Hydrogen 1.008 2 Helium 4.002602 3 Lithium 6.94 4 Beryllium 9.0121831 10 Neon 20.1797 5 Boron 10.81 6 Carbon 12.011 7 Nitrogen 14.007 8 Oxygen 15.999 9 Fluorine 18.998403163 11 Sodium 22.98976928 12 Magnesium 24.305 18 Argon 39.948 13 Aluminium 26.9815385 14 Silicon 28.085 15 Phosphorus 30.973761998 16 Sulfur 32.06 17 Chlorine 35.45 19 Potassium 39.0983 20 Calcium 40.078 36 Krypton 83.798 21 Scandium 44.955908 22 Titanium 47.867 23 Vanadium 50.9415 24 Chromium 51.9961 25 Manganese 54.938044 26 Iron 55.845 28 Nickel 58.6934 27 Cobalt 58.6934 29 Copper 63.546 30 Zinc 65.38 31 Gallium 69.723 32 Germanium 72.630 33 Arsenic 74.921595 34 Selenium 78.971 35 Bromine 79.904 37 Rubidium 85.4678 38 Strontium 87.62 54 Xenon 131.293 39 Yttrium 88.90584 40 Zirconium 91.224 41 Niobium 92.90637 42 Molybdenum 95.95 43 Technetium 98 44 Ruthenium 101.07 45 Rhodium 102.90550 46 Palladium 106.42 47 Silver 107.8682 48 Cadmium 112.414 49 Indium 114.818 50 Tin 118.710 51 Antimony 121.760 52 Tellurium 127.60 53 Iodine 126.90447 55 Caesium 132.90545196 56 Barium 137.327 86 Radon 222 57 71 72 Hafnium 178.49 73 Tantalum 180.94788 75 Rhenium 186.207 76 Osmium 190.23 77 Iridium 192.217 78 Platinum 195.084 79 Gold 196.966569 80 Mercury 200.592 81 Thallium 204.38 82 Lead 207.2 83 Bismuth 208.98040 84 Polonium 209 85 Astatine 210 87 Francium 223 88 Radium 226 118 Ununoctium 294 104 Rutherfordium 267 105 Dubnium 268 106 Seaborgium 269 107 Bohrium 270 108 Hassium 269 109 Meitnerium 278 110 Darmstadtium 281 111 Roentgenium 281 112 Copernicium 285 113 Ununtrium 286 114 Flerovium 289 115 Ununpentium 289 116 Livermorium 293 117 Ununseptium 294 57 Lanthanum 138.90547 58 Cerium 140.116 59 Praseodymium 140.90766 60 Neodymium 144.242 61 Promethium 145 62 Samarium 150.36 63 Europium 151.964 64 Gadolinium 157.25 65 Terbium 158.92535 66 Dysprosium 162.500 67 Holmium 164.93033 68 Erbium 167.259 69 Thulium 168.93422 70 Ytterbium 173.054 71 Lutetium 174.9668 89 Actinium 227 90 Thorium 232.0377 91 Protactinium 231.03588 92 Uranium 238.02891 93 Neptunium 237 94 Plutonium 244 95 Americium 243 96 Curium 247 97 Berkelium 247 98 Californium 251 99 Einsteinium 252 100 Fermium 257 101 Mendelevium 258 102 Nobelium 259 103 Lawrencium 266 89 103 Lanthanide Series Actinide Series H He Li Be Ne B C N O F Na Mg Ar Al Si P S Cl K Ca Kr Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Ni Co Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Rb Sr Xe Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Cs Ba Rn Hf Ta Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Fr Ra Uuo Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Fl Uup Lv Uus La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 74 Tungsten 183.84 W is a chemical element made up of one proton and one electron, sitting at the top of the periodic table as number 1. It's bonded to other elements and can be released via electrolysis and steam reforming. Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas by the passage of an electric current. Steam reforming produces hydrogen with high-temperature steam (700°C to 1,000°C) which breaks the bonds between hydrogen and carbon in methane. Hydrogen Electrolysis Steam Reforming 5 ways. Hydrogen is primarily used in “250 to 300 TWh - McKinsey of excess solar and wind power could be converted to hydrogen.” TWh VEHICLE SIZE Battery Gasoline, diesel, biofuels, CNG, synthetic fuels, etc Hydrogen FUEL TRAVEL DISTANCE This makes them suitable for everyday driving and heavier transport such as buses and shipping trucks and even spacecrafts. Medium-to-long distance Wide-use Short-distance FUEL DIVERSITY AND USES EVs HVsP/PHVs FCVs SOURCE: Green Car Reports Passenger cars Route buses Full-size trucks Home delivery trucks Home delivery vehicles Short-distance commuter vehicles Personal mobility FCV The Fuel Cell Hydrogen Unleashed Back on earth, fuel cell technology has advanced to power all sorts of transportation such as forklifts, trains, bus fleets and so much more. Membrane Anode Cathode Hydrogen Hydrogen Bubble Oxygen Bubble Oxygen Water → Hydrogen + Oxygen Water H 2 Stack Methane rich gas Cooling water Air Purge gas Methane + Water (+ Heat) → Carbon Monoxide + Hydrogen By 2050, hydrogen has the potential to improve:
Transcript of Hy d What is ro gen? - The Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell ...
solutionGreen energy
ee
ee
ee
e
H H
H H
H H
H H
o
o
e2H2 O2
O2 (Oxygen)from air
Fuel H2(Hydrogen)
Surplus fuel recirculates
Heat (85˚C)Water or air cooled
Air + water vapor
Flow field plate
Gas diffusion layer
CatalystProton exchange membrane
H2O
SOURCE: Wikipedia Membrane electrode assembly
This is five to six times the amount of energyto power New York City every year.
Hydrogen uses could be quickly and easily expanded
through existing natural gas pipeline networks. In the U.S. alone there are:
SOURCE: Energy at Work: Upgrading America’s Energy Infrastructure, December 2017
unique pipeline systems
210+ miles of
pipelinesinterconnection
pointscubic feet of natural gasfrom production sites todemand centers in 2016
300,000 1,400 32 trillion
1Building heatand power
2 Energy Storage & Power Generation
3 Transportation
5 Industry
Hydrogen can heat and power buildings in regions with existing natural gas networks. It can be blended with natural gas, converted to synthetic natural gas, or replace natural gas entirely in dedicated hydrogen networks.
An energy gridpowered by wind and solar
can be unreliable due to changing weather.
A “power-to-gas” facility can convert renewable power into hydrogen gas for storage
and used when needed.
Refining
Fertilizer
Chemicalproduction
Feedstock is the raw material to supply or fuel machines and industrial processes.
C
C
C
SOURCE: Hydrogen Council, McKinsey
Enabling large-scale renewable energy integration and power generation
Providing clean feedstock for industry.
Distributing energy acrosssectors and regions
Acting as a buffer to increase energy system resilience
Decarbonizing transportation
Decarbonizing industrial energy use
Helping to decarbonize building heat and power
CO2CO2 H
BUSINESSES THE ENERGY SYSTEM
THE ENVIRONMENT
Removal of 6 gigatons (“Gt”) of CO2 emissions
Employment for more than30 million people
Creation of a $2.5-trillion market for hydrogen and fuel cell
technology
By 2050, Hydrogen could power:
This is just the beginning for hydrogen.As fuel cell technology becomes more powerful, its uses are expected to increase.
CARS>400m
TRUCKS15-20m
BUSES5m
The key to hydrogen fuel cell adoption is access to sources of hydrogen, just like a gas station. Countries around the world are building the infrastructure to make this possible.
Timeline of Mass Adoption:Hydrogen technology exists and is ready for deployment
Annual global energy demand supplied with hydrogen (exajoules)
Hydrogen’s wide usage willdramatically increase its demand.
SOURCE: World Economic Forum
How is hydrogen
today?being used
Hydrogencan serve as an energy carrier that can improve
the reliability of renewable energy.
Fuel Cell powered by hydrogen, are no-compromise and emission-free, offering long operating range and fast refueling.
Vehicles (FCVs)
such as boilers, steam generators, and furnaces can be retrofitted to run on hydrogen or a combination with other fuels.
accounts for a third of energy consumption and a quarter of CO2 emissions.
steel and chemical plants in Europe, North America, and Japan uses hydrogen for low-carbon production.
One in ten Industrialequipment
Industry
Hydrogen is a known and well used fuel todaybut fuel cell technology will unlock the next generation of hydrogen use.
Hydrogen
A simple reaction provides emissions-free power.
Oxygen Electricity (Power) +
Water Vapor
= +
is a device that convertschemical potential energy (energy stored in molecular bonds) into electrical energy.
A fuel cell
4 Industry energy
feedstock
55 million tonsare currently used annually as a feedstock in:
of hydrogen
for NASA's Gemini and Apollo space capsules. Today, the space shuttle’s electricity is provided by fuel cells which also produce drinking water
for the astronauts.
In the early 1960s, General Electric produced
the fuel-cell-based electrical power system
Hydrogen fuel and fuel cell technology delivers green solutions in ways.7
Hydrogen and fuel cells are the 21st-century energy powerhouse with unlimited potential for a cleaner and self-sustaining future.
C
SOURCE: Hydrogen Council,McKinsey
789
22
16
11
9
10
28
14108
2015 2020 2030 2040 2050
Existing feedstock usesSOURCE: Hydrogen Council, McKinsey
Transportation
Industrial energy
Building heating & power
Industry feedstock
PowerGeneration
How big is 1 EJ?It is roughly equivalent to one day of the world’s total final energy demand.
SOURCE: NYISO
H2
THE HYDROGENFUEL CELL
O2
Fuel Cell Powered Train
H2 STORAGEFUEL CELL
SYSTEM
Fuel Cell Powered Bus
Transportation Industrial energy
Building heating & power
Industry feedstock
PowerGeneration
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
FORKLIFTS
MEDIUM
AND LARGE CARS
TAXIS
CITY BUSES
TRAMS/RAILW
AYS
VANS
COACHES
SYNFUEL (FREIGHT SHIPS AND AVIATION)
SMALL CARS
BLENDED HYDROGEN HEATING
PURE HYDROGEN HEATING
LOW/M
EDIUM INDUSTRY HEAT
HIGH-GRADE INDUSTRY HEAT
STEELMAKING
CCU (METHANO
L, OLEFINS, BTX)
TRUCKS
POWER GENERATIO
N, BALANCING, BUFFERING
H
H
SOURCE: Hydrogen Roadmap Europe Report 2019
Start of commercialization
Mass market adoption
As a result, hydrogen willbecome a part of the green energy mix and help to decarbonize the economy.
is already a powerful element for emission-free energy but fuel cell technology is set to unleash its massive potential for a sustainable future.
Hydrogen
Hydrogenfueled the explosion that created the cosmos.
Hydrogenfueled the explosion that created the cosmos.
The Evolutionof
As a result, hydrogen willbecome a part of the green energy mix and help to decarbonize the economy.
is already a powerful element for emission-free energy but fuel cell technology is set to unleash its massive potential for a sustainable future.
Hydrogen
visualcapitalist.com@visualcap/visualcapitalist
Hydrogen?What is
Hydrogen
It is rarely found in its elemental state on Earth.
1
Hydrogen1.008
2
Helium4.002602
3
Lithium6.94
4
Beryllium9.0121831
10
Neon20.1797
5
Boron10.81
6
Carbon12.011
7
Nitrogen14.007
8
Oxygen15.999
9
Fluorine18.998403163
11
Sodium22.98976928
12
Magnesium24.305
18
Argon39.948
13
Aluminium26.9815385
14
Silicon28.085
15
Phosphorus30.973761998
16
Sulfur32.06
17
Chlorine35.45
19
Potassium39.0983
20
Calcium40.078
36
Krypton83.798
21
Scandium44.955908
22
Titanium47.867
23
Vanadium50.9415
24
Chromium51.9961
25
Manganese54.938044
26
Iron55.845
28
Nickel58.6934
27
Cobalt58.6934
29
Copper63.546
30
Zinc65.38
31
Gallium69.723
32
Germanium72.630
33
Arsenic74.921595
34
Selenium78.971
35
Bromine79.904
37
Rubidium85.4678
38
Strontium87.62
54
Xenon131.293
39
Yttrium88.90584
40
Zirconium91.224
41
Niobium92.90637
42
Molybdenum95.95
43
Technetium98
44
Ruthenium101.07
45
Rhodium102.90550
46
Palladium106.42
47
Silver107.8682
48
Cadmium112.414
49
Indium114.818
50
Tin118.710
51
Antimony121.760
52
Tellurium127.60
53
Iodine126.90447
55
Caesium132.90545196
56
Barium137.327
86
Radon222
57 71
72
Hafnium178.49
73
Tantalum180.94788
75
Rhenium186.207
76
Osmium190.23
77
Iridium192.217
78
Platinum195.084
79
Gold196.966569
80
Mercury200.592
81
Thallium204.38
82
Lead207.2
83
Bismuth208.98040
84
Polonium209
85
Astatine210
87
Francium223
88
Radium226
118
Ununoctium294
104
Rutherfordium267
105
Dubnium268
106
Seaborgium269
107
Bohrium270
108
Hassium269
109
Meitnerium278
110
Darmstadtium281
111
Roentgenium281
112
Copernicium285
113
Ununtrium286
114
Flerovium289
115
Ununpentium289
116
Livermorium293
117
Ununseptium294
57
Lanthanum138.90547
58
Cerium140.116
59
Praseodymium140.90766
60
Neodymium144.242
61
Promethium145
62
Samarium150.36
63
Europium151.964
64
Gadolinium157.25
65
Terbium158.92535
66
Dysprosium162.500
67
Holmium164.93033
68
Erbium167.259
69
Thulium168.93422
70
Ytterbium173.054
71
Lutetium174.9668
89
Actinium227
90
Thorium232.0377
91
Protactinium231.03588
92
Uranium238.02891
93
Neptunium237
94
Plutonium244
95
Americium243
96
Curium247
97
Berkelium247
98
Californium251
99
Einsteinium252
100
Fermium257
101
Mendelevium258
102
Nobelium259
103
Lawrencium266
89 103
LanthanideSeries
ActinideSeries
H He
Li Be NeB C N O F
Na Mg ArAl Si P S Cl
K Ca KrSc Ti V Cr Mn Fe NiCo Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br
Rb Sr XeY Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
Cs Ba RnHf Ta Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Fr Ra UuoRf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Fl Uup Lv Uus
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
74
Tungsten183.84
W
is a chemical element made up of one proton and one electron,
sitting at the top of the periodic table as number 1.
It's bonded to other elements and can be released via electrolysis and steam reforming.
Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas by the passage of an electric current.
Steam reforming produces hydrogen with high-temperature steam (700°C to 1,000°C) which breaks the bonds between hydrogen and carbon in methane.
Hydrogen Electrolysis Steam Reforming
5 ways.Hydrogen is primarily used in
“250 to 300 TWh
- McKinsey
of excess solar and wind power could be converted to hydrogen.”
TWh
VEHICLE SIZE
Battery Gasoline, diesel, biofuels, CNG, synthetic fuels, etc HydrogenFUEL
TRAVEL DISTANCE
This makes them suitable for everyday driving and heavier
transport such as buses and shipping trucks and
even spacecrafts.
Medium-to-long distanceWide-useShort-distance
FUEL DIVERSITY AND USES
EVs HVsP/PHVs FCVs
SOURCE: Green Car Reports
Passenger carsRoute buses
Full-size trucks
Home delivery trucks
Home delivery vehicles
Short-distance commuter vehicles
Personal mobility
FCV
The Fuel CellHydrogen Unleashed
Back on earth, fuel cell technology has advanced to power all sorts of transportation such as
forklifts, trains, bus fleets and so much more.
Mem
bran
e
AnodeCathode
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Bubble
Oxygen Bubble
Oxygen
Water → Hydrogen + Oxygen
Water H2Stack
Methane rich gas
Cooling water
Air Purge gas
Methane + Water (+ Heat) → Carbon Monoxide + Hydrogen
By 2050, hydrogen has
the potential to improve:
