HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 6.4. “ Under the Consulate, France reverted to a form of enlightened...

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Napoleon HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 6.4

Transcript of HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 6.4. “ Under the Consulate, France reverted to a form of enlightened...

Page 1: HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 6.4.  “ Under the Consulate, France reverted to a form of enlightened despotism, and Bonaparte may be thought of as the last and most.

Napoleon

HWH UNIT 5CHAPTER 6.4

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“Under the Consulate, France reverted to a form of enlightened despotism, and Bonaparte may be thought of as the last and most eminent of the enlightened despots.”

-Palmer, A History of the Modern World (389)

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Born on Corsica in 1769 Rose quickly in the French military During the Revolution

A Jacobin Defeated the Austrians in Italy, 1795-1797 The “Whiff of Grapeshot” Egypt Campaign, 1797-98

Background

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Abbé Siéyès

“Confidence from below, power from above”

Constitution of Year VIII (The Consulate) 1799-1804 3 Consuls Napoleon is “First Consul” Approved by plebiscite

The Coup d’état of 18 Brumaire

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Tax Reform Amnesty to all parties in the

Revolution Invited Émigrés back Royalists and Jacobins in government

Domestic Reforms of the Consulate

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The Lyceé

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The Bank of France

Stabilized the economy Strong currency Stable lines of credit

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The Concordat of 1801

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“Careers Open to Talent”

The Legion of Honor

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1802: Napoleon First Consul for Life

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The Civil Code (Napoleonic Code), 1804

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Solidified the ideas of the

Revolution Equality before the law Freedom of religion No feudalism or serfdom Protection of private property Fewer rights for women

The Napoleonic Code

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Napoleon’s Police State

Joseph Fouche A former radical

Censorship Spies Equality for all No Democracy

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War, and then peace

Defeated Austria, peace with Britain 1803: Europe at peace (first time in 11

years)

Foreign Policy Under the Consulate

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Bonaparte Crossing the Alps by Paul Delaroche Musée du Louvre, Paris

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Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814)

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Napoleon’s Empire, 1805

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The Battle of Trafalgar, October 1805

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Battle of Austerlitz, December 1805

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1806 Napoleon ends the Holy

Roman Empire Replaced by Confederation

of the Rhine Napoleon defeats Prussia

The Continental System

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The Peninsular Campaign

Portugal violated the Continental System

Napoleon invaded Spain to get there Spain rose up

Rebellion lasted 5 years Inspired the rest of

Europe NATIONALISM

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Second of May 1808 by Goya

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Third of May, 1808 by Goya

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The Invasion of Russia, 1812

Alexander disliked Napoleon’s power Continental System

Alexander withdraws in 1810 Grand Duchy of Warsaw

Army of 600,000 invades in summer of 1812

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Russian Strategy: Scorched Earth

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The Retreat from Moscow

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The Battle of Nations [or Leipzig] (October 1813)

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Napoleon Abdicates (April, 1814)

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Exiled to Elba

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Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

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The Hundred Days (March-June, 1815)

Napoleon escapes Elba

Raises an army Defeated at

Waterloo Duke of

Wellington

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Napoleon’s Final Exile: St. Helena

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