HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o...

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HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology

Transcript of HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o...

Page 1: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

HVACR416 - Design

Air Handler Terminology

Page 2: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Components

Condenser

o Condenser Coils

o Compressor

o Condenser Fan

Page 3: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Components

Condenser Coil

o Can be shaped: Horseshoe Round Flat / Straight Can be folded over in more than one layer

The coil is a fin and tube design Aluminum fins / copper tube Aluminum fins / aluminum tubes

Page 4: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Components

Condenser Fan

o A propeller type fan blade that pulls air through the condenser coil.

o Air is NEVER pushed through the coil. If you ever see that check rotation of the fan.

Page 5: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Components

Compressor

Heart of the refrigeration cycle.

Gives off quite a bit of heat and is sometimes the noisiest component of the cycle.

Page 6: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Components

Air Handler

o Blower section of the system

o Used for circulating the conditioned air

o Always present in A/C and heat pumps

o Consists of: Evaporator Coil Metering Device Blower

Page 7: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Components

Evaporator Coil

o Inside Air Handler

o Can be shaped:

“A” Shaped Coil Flat Coil Slant Coil “H” Coil “W” Coil

Page 8: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Components

Metering Device

o Capillary Tube

o Fixed Orifice

o TXV (Thermostatic Expansion Valve)

Page 9: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Components

Blower

o Normally a squirrel cage type blower wheelo Direct Driveo Belt Driveo Usually a PSC, ECM, or Shaded Pole motor

Page 10: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Electrical

Air Handler

o Indoor Fan Contactor24 volt relay controls line voltage blower

motoro Terminal Strip

Junction point for all of the wiringGood practice is to use crimp connectors

and forks for all connections to terminal strip.

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Basic System Electrical

Air Handler

o Integrated Control BoardThe brains of the systemMonitors the operation of the indoor fan motorHas timers and relays built into the control to

start and stop the motor.Controls the speed of an ECM motor.

Page 12: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Electrical

Air Handler

o Low voltage transformerTakes line voltage and steps it down to a

lower voltage (24VAC)Low voltage is called the “Control Voltage”

o Line voltage is usually 240/208 or 120 Volts

Page 13: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Electrical

Condenser

o Uses a relay coil to energize a compressor and fan.

o Control voltage usually 24 voltso Sometimes has a delay timero Sometimes uses a start capacitoro Always has a run capacitoro Uses a high pressure switch in case of unsafe

refrigerant pressures.

Page 14: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Electrical

Condenser

o Includes a low pressure switch in case of refrigerant loss.

o Has a fan motor - usually a PSC type.

Page 15: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Electrical

Low Pressure Switch

o Low pressure switch will open in a drop of pressure.

o Can be caused by: Dirty Evaporator Coil Restricted evaporator air flow Faulty evaporator fan motor Low ambient temperatures

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Basic System Electrical

High Pressure Switch

o Opens on a rise in pressureo Usually around 300psi on R22 systemso Usually around 600-700psi on R410Ao Caused by:

Dirty condenser coil Restricted condenser air flow Faulty condenser fan Extremely high ambient temperatures

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Basic System Mechanical

Air Handler

o Evaporator has connections for the installation of copper tubing, or line sets.

o Liquid line Liquid refrigerants travel through this line Typical sizes are 1/4”, 5/16”, 3/8” and 1/2”

o Suction line The suction line is the larger diameter tubing Should always be fully insulated Vapor refrigerant travels in this line Typical sizes are 5/8”, 3/4”, 7/8” and 11/8”

Page 18: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Mechanical

Air Handler

o Has condensate drain connectionso Typically a 3/4” female PVC connectiono If no drain is present:

A condensate removal pump must be installed to pump to a drain (sink, washer, etc)

Many installations will allow the tubing to drain outdoors (watch for freezing).

Attic installs allow pvc to drain into the gutter system or down the side of the house.

Page 19: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Mechanical

Condenser

o Connection for the other end of the line sets.o Liquid line should always have a filter drier on it.o Filter is directional, liquid runs away from the

condenser.o Heat pumps must have bi-directional filter drier.

Page 20: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Basic System Mechanical

Condenser

o Usually installed outdoors

o Must be installed level

o Must be free of surrounding shrubs and any item that will restrict air flow.

Page 21: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

System Types

Four basic common A/C systems

oSplit System

oPackaged System

oDuctless Systems

oWindow Units

Page 22: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Split Systems

• The evaporator and the condenser are separate pieces of equipment.

• The evaporator section

o Installed in attic, basement or closeto May be a part of the air handlero May be installed on a furnaceo Has its own electrical power disconnecto Has its own circuit breaker

Page 23: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Split Systems

Page 24: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Split Systems

Air Handler Section

o Contains the blowero Used for circulating conditioned airo Air conditioning and heat pumps use the air

handler.

Page 25: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Split Systems

Air Handler

Consist of:

Evaporator Coil is a fin and tube design. Metering device Blower

Page 26: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Split System

Condenser Sectiono Outside on a level pado Own power sourceo Has its own circuit breakero Must have a disconnect within arms reach of the unit

o Consists of:Fan motorCondenser coilCompressorControls

Page 27: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Packaged Unit

Located outdoors

Usually commercial but sometimes seen in residential for mobile homes.

Mostly over 5 ton capacity in commercial. All major components are located inside one

unit.

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Packaged Unit

Page 29: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Package Unit

Major components

o Evaporatoro Condensero Compressoro Condenser Fanso Evaporator Fan (indoor blower)

• Must have own circuit breaker• Must have disconnect within arms reach of unit

Page 30: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Package Unit

• Must have 120V outlet (GFCI) within arms length of unit.

• Units are single or multi-stage.

• Multistage allows for additional heating and cooling load control.o Stage 1 is for light duty conditionso Stage 2 is for more than a 2 degree difference between

room temp and thermostat set point.

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Package Units

• Package units are mounted on a concrete slab or on a roof.

• If on roof there is a roof curb and a plenum under it.

• If mounted on slab the supply and return air ducts are on the side of the unit.

• All ductwork must be insulated.

Page 32: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Ductless Systems

• Ductless systems contain the evaporator, condenser condenser pad, and line set without any

ductwork.

• Can be a single piece or a split system.

• Can be ordered with low ambient controls.

• Very quiet and a quick install.

Page 33: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Ductless systems

• Extremely efficient units, cool the space the evaporator is mounted in.

• No thermostat is needed, uses a remote control or control set on the evaporator itself.

• Tonnage available varies.

• Sometimes allows more than 1 evaporator for a condenser.

Page 34: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Ductless systems

Page 35: HVACR416 - Design Air Handler Terminology. Basic System Components Condenser o Condenser Coils o Compressor o Condenser Fan.

Window Units

• Smaller packaged units to put in a wall or window to comfort cool an individual room or space.

• Very low cost to purchase.

• May cost more to service and or repair than the originial purchase price.

• Service Fee + Hourly Rate + Parts = $$$$$$

• Known mostly as throw away units.