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Transcript of HVAC Training.ppt
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
HVACFUNDAMENTALS
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
HVAC is an acronym for Heating, Ventilation and AirConditioning.
HVAC is a historical term that is commonly known today asair conditioning.
A HVAC system maintains and controls the conditions ofthe inside environment.
A HVAC system delivers comfort, health and well being in theworkplace or home,or controls conditions for
manufacturing and industrial processes.
A HVAC system comprises air conditioning plant, air and waterreticulation, and controls.
What is a HVAC system ?
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
HVAC systems are designed to overcome the outside environmentand building design.
HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfort conditions forthe building occupants.
HVAC systems are designed to maintain stringent conditions forindustrial processes.
HVAC systems are designed to meet energy costs and reliabilityfrom an owners point of view.
What affects a HVAC system design ?
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Ventilation- the process of exchanging air between theoutdoors and the conditioned space.
Air movement- the process of circulating and mixing airthrough conditioned spaces.
Cleaning- the process of removing particles and biological
contaminants in the air. Heating- the process of adding thermal energy (heat) to the airin the conditioned space.
Cooling- the process of removing thermal energy (heat) fromthe air in the conditioned space. Humidifying- the process of adding water vapor (moisture) tothe air.
Dehumidifying- the process of removing water vapor(moisture) from the air.
What are the main processes carried out by aHVAC system ?
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Refrigeration Process
Refrigeration is the process of removing heat at a lowtemperature level & rejecting it at a relatively highertemperature level.
Refrigerant is nothing but heat carrier i.e. heat carrying
medium.
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
Condenser
Evaporator
Cold Gas
Line
Compressor
Cold Liquid Line
Hot Gas Line
HighPressure/Low Temp
Low Pressure/
Low Temp
High Pressure/
High Temp
Low Pressure/
Low Temp
Heat
AbsorbedHeat
Rejected
Expansion
Device
Cold Liquid Line
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Types of Systems
Direct Expansion (DX System).
1.Window Airconditioner
2.Split Units.3.Packaged Unit.
Chilled Water System (DW System)
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Unitary Air Conditioning Units. (PackageUnits.DX System)
Unitary A/C units are self contained with
fan, refrigeration compressor, condenser,etc.
Individual room units are designed to fitinwindows or a wall mounted consoles.
Split systems are where the fan and coilare mounted inside and the condensingunit is mounted remote.
Vertical self contained air conditioners aremounted external and air is ducted to theroom.
Roof top units are weatherproof units andthe air is ducted to the space below.
Window Unit.1. Outside air 2. Exhaust air 3. Supply4. Return air 5.Outside & room fans6. Evaporator 7.Compressor 8. Conden9. Exp. valve 10.Refrig. Pipe 11. Air filte12.Grille 13.Condensate collector14. Casing 15. Window 15. Room
Outside air Room air
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Unitary AC Units. (Split systems. DX System)
As the name implies, the air conditioner is
split into two parts, refrigeration andventilating parts.
The refrigeration part consists of acompressor and an air cooled condenser.
The ventilating part consists of a fan andan evaporator to cool or heat the air.
The condensing unit is mounted outsidewhich assists condenser heat dissipationand reduces noise in the room.
The fan coil unit can be mounted in theroom or in a remote position with duct tothe room.
Split System.
1. Outside air 2. Exhaust air 3. Supplyair 4. Return air 5. Room 6. Evaporator
7.Compressor 8. Condenser 9. Exp.valve 10.Refrigerant pipe 11. Condensingunit. 12.Fan coil unit. 13.Ventilation grid14. Filter
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
DX System
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
In-Direct System
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Sample Screens - Water Cooled Chiller
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Sample Screens-Air Cooled Chillers
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Sample Screens- Chillers
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Sample Screens- Cooling Tower
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Sample Screens-Basic AHU
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Sample Screens-Basic AHU
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Sample Screens-Treated Fresh Air Unit
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
All - Water Systems.( 2-pipe fan coil unitsystem.)
Two water pipes are led to each fan coil unit,
cold water is pumped in summer,hot water in winter.
Thus only cold water or hot water is available at thefan coil units at any one time.
t is not possible to cool a room and
simultaneously heat an ad!acent room onthe same water "one.
This system is most successful insummer and winter when the outsideconditions are steady and predictable.
This system is less successful in
sprin# and autumn, when low ambienttemperature and solar loads re$uire "ones toneed cold water and others to need hot water.
%. Hot or cold water &ow.'. Hot or cold water return.(. )an coil units with one coil.*. +ierent rooms. -. Supply air.. /oiler. 0. Chiller.
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division10/15/09
VAVs & CAVs
VARIAB
LEAIR
VOLU
MEUNITS
CONSTANTAIRVOLUME
UNITS
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division10/15/09
Characteristics of VAV
Air distribution equipment
Mainly used in buildings where single AHU serves manyareas
Optimizes power consumption while maintaining
thermal comfort
Ideally suited for varying load patterns
Full cooling / full heating take place about 20 % of thetime. Rest of the time systems operate at less than full
capacity.
The VAV box adjusts the amount of air that enters thespace or room to maintain temperature
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Ventilation & Air-conditioning System -Air only systems
Variable air Volume System
1
2
5
6
4
39
7
Fig
.57
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division10/15/09
Control of individual room temperature
T
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division10/15/09
Pressre Se!s"r
Pressre C"!#r"$$er
Types of VAVs
T
Shut-off type VAVs
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division10/15/09
Types of VAVs
Pressre Se!s"
Pressre C"!#r"$$er
T
VAV with volumetric flow control
V%ri%&$e Fre'e!() *ri+e
M
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division10/15/09
Types of VAVs
! " pass t!pe #A#
T" ("!,i#i"!e, S-%(e
T" F%$se (ei$i!g
Fr". A/U
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
Sample Screens-Exhaust Fans
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
HVAC system in a building
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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division
THANK YOU