Common and Proper Nouns Singular and Plural Nouns Possessive Nouns.
(Hurray!) Nouns (n) Person, place, thing, idea Can be subjects, objects, or just hanging out.
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Transcript of (Hurray!) Nouns (n) Person, place, thing, idea Can be subjects, objects, or just hanging out.
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(Hurray!)
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Nouns (n)Person, place, thing, idea
Can be subjects, objects, or just hanging out
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Verbs (v)Show action
Or state of beingIs, am, were, was, are, be, being, been
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AdjectiveDescribe (modify) nouns or pronouns
A, an, the = articles
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AdverbsModify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Answer the questions how, when, where, or to what extent
Often end in -ly
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Prepositions (p)Show relationships between words
“The bird flew ___ the clouds”
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All prepositions are in prepositional phrasesBegin with prepositionEnd with first noun or pronoun that follows it
The noun/pronoun is called the object (op)
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Pronouns (pr)Take the place of a noun
The noun that is being replaced is called the antecedent
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There are different types of pronounsPersonal Pronouns
First, second, and third personI, me, weYou, your, yoursHe, she, them, theirs, it
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Also, there areIndefinite pronounsRelative pronouns
(we’ll discuss more later…)
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Conjunctions (c)Show connections
Coordinating conjunctionsAnd, but, or, yet, soUse in compound sentence parts and compound sentences
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Subordinating conjunctionsBegin dependent (subordinate) clauses MANY of these! Used in complex and compound-complex sentences
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Interjections (i)Interrupt the sentence; usually show emotionHey! Shut the door!
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Declarative (.) – makes a statement
Interrogative (?) – asks a question
Exclamatory (!) – shows emotion
Imperative (!/.) – makes a command and has an understood “you” subject
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Simple sentenceOne subject, one verb, one complete thought
(But either the subject or verb may be compound)
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Example: Joe washed the car.Notice order: S V
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Example w/compound partsSubject: Joe and Sue washed the car.
Verb: Joe washed and waxed the car.
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Example continued..Subject & verb: Joe and Sue washed and waxed the car.
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Notice in all examples, the order of subject verb is consistent: S V, S S V, S V V, or S S V V
The sentences cannot be divided at the conjunction into two complete thoughts!
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Compound SentenceAt least two subjects, two verbs, and two complete thoughts
Example: Joe washed the car, and Sue drove it to town.
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Notice the order of a compound sentence: S V S V
It can be divided at the conjunction into two complete thoughts
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As with a simple sentence, any part of the subject or verb of either clause of a compound sentence can be compound!Joe and Sue washed and waxed the car, and Bob and Jane drove it to town and parked it at the restaurant.
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Complex sentenceAt least two subjects, at least two verbs, one complete thought and one incomplete thought
Example: After Joe washed the car, Sue drove it to town.
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Notice that like in a compound sentence, the order is S V S V
Notice, too, that there is no coordinating conjunction
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Instead, there is a subordinating conjuctionBegins the dependent (or subordinate) clause
If removed, dependent clause is no longer dependent!
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The dependent clause can come anywhere in the sentence and is punctuated differently depending on where it is:At beginning, followed by comma ( S V, S V)
In middle, set off by commas on each side (S, S V, V)
At end, no comma (S V S V)
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As with simple and compound sentences, any part of the subject or verb of either (or all) clauses may be compound; this does NOT make it a compound-complex setence!
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Compound-complex sentenceCombination of a compound and complex structureAt least three subjects, at least three verbs, at least two complete thoughts, at least one incomplete thought
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Example:After Joe washed the car, Sue drove it to town, and Sam got in for a ride.
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Copy the sentence; you’re looking for the number of things indicated by the points possible
Identify all parts of speech and objects Find the main verb; underline twice Ask yourself “Who” or “What” did the main
verb = subject; underline once Determine sentence structure Determine sentence type Volunteer Correct your own when I correct Ask questions!