Huntsman Metalworking Brochure - renumbered Library/a... · Amines for the Metalworking Industry 6...

Performance Products

Metalworking ChemicalsProduct Information

Table of Contents Page

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Huntsman Capabilities

Huntsman Products

Amines for the Metalworking Industry . . . . . . . . . .4

Comparison of Important Properties

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent

Bis-(hydroxyethyl) methyl amine (BHEMA)

SURFONAMINE® MW-781 Amine

XTA-771

Ethanolamines

Other Amines

Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry . . . . . .29

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates

Alcohol Alkoxylates

EO/PO Block Copolymers

Alcohol Ethoxylates

Fatty Acid and Castor Oil Ethoxylates

Phosphate Esters

Formulated Emulsifiers

Other Products for the Metalworking Industry . . .45

Alkylate H-230L

JEFFOX® WL-series Functional Fluids

Glycols

Regional Product Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

1

Huntsman Metalworking Chemicals

DEHSCOFIX®, DGA®, DIGLYCOLAMINE®, EMPICOL®, EMPILAN®, EMPIPHOS®, JEFFAMINE®, JEFFOX®,LAUREX®, POGOL®, SURFOL®, SURFONAMINE®, and SURFONIC® are registered trademarks ofHuntsman Corporation or an affiliate thereof in one or more, but not all, countries.

DMDGA™ is a trademark of Huntsman Corporation of an affiliate thereof in one or more, but not all, countries.

CORFREE® is a trademark of Invista North America.

TEFLON® is a trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company.

VITON® is a trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers LLC.

Huntsman CapabilitiesHuntsman is committed to producing a broad range of

the highest quality amines, surfactants and related

chemicals for the metalworking industry, and is the

logical choice to be your key supplier for the formulation

of your metalworking fluids.

Huntsman is an integrated supplier, producing not only

the finished amines and surfactants but many of the

basic raw materials used to manufacture those products.

Huntsman is a global supplier, manufacturing

products for the metalworking industry in the United

States, Australia, and multiple European countries.

Our skilled and knowledgeable sales force markets

our products worldwide, assisted by an extensive

distributor network.

Huntsman is an innovative supplier. With the support

of state of the art research, development and pilot

facilities we will work closely with you to help

formulate products that meet your exacting needs.

Huntsman ProductsHuntsman manufactures a broad range of amines,

surfactants, and related products essential in

formulating metalworking fluids. Table 1.1 lists

primary application areas for each of the product

types. Similar tables including trademarked product

names by region can be found in Section 5.

Introduction

2

SECTION 1

3

Introduction

Table 1.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry

Product

Primary Amines

Tertiary Amines

Polyetheramines

Linear Alcohols

Alcohol Ethoxylates

Alcohol Alkoxylates


Fatty Acid Ethoxylates

Castor Oil Ethoxylates

EO/PO Block and Reverse Block Copolymers

Phosphate Esters

Sodium Isethionate

Functional Fluids

Glycols

Glycol Ethers

Alk

alin

ity C

ont

rol

Co

rro

sio

n In

hib

itors

Em

ulsi

fiers

Lub

rici

ty A

dd

itive

s

Co

uplin

g A

gen

ts

Ant

i-F

oam

ants

Met

al C

lean

ing

Aid

s

Har

d W

ater

To

lera

nce

Aid

s

Ant

i-m

ist

Ad

diti

ves

Inte

rmed

iate

s

Huntsman is a major integrated supplier of amines,

many of which have application in the metalworking

industry. We have developed and continue to support

our amine process technologies in fully equipped

laboratories and pilot facilities in the United States

and Europe. This section demonstrates our ongoing

commitment to our amine customers in the

metalworking industry.

Included in Section 2 is information on various

amines commonly used in the metalworking industry.

The first part of this section contains comparison

data for these amines while the last part of this

section individually discusses several Huntsman

amines used in the metalworking industry. These

products include DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent, bis-

(hydroxyethyl) methyl amine (BHEMA), SURFON-

AMINE® MW-781 amine, triethanolamine (TEA),

diethanolamine (DEA), and others.

Comparison of Important Properties

A list of amines commonly used in metalworking is

given in Table 2.1, with Huntsman product offerings

highlighted. Table 2.2 further discusses commonly

used amines in metalworking, listing the CAS

numbers, as well as regulatory information.

Volatility is an important consideration in metalworking

applications where misting is a concern. Data

included in Table 2.3 and Figure 2.1 illustrate the low

volatility of Huntsman products, such as

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent, monoethanolamine (MEA),

DEA, TEA and BHEMA, relative to other amines

commonly used in metalworking applications.

Cobalt leaching is another important factor in

metalworking. A comparison of cobalt leaching by

commonly used metalworking amines is plotted in

Figure 2.2.

The pH measurements on solutions of various amines at

several different concentrations in water are given in Table

2.4. These data are indicative of the relative efficiency of

the amines as alkalinity control agents. Generally,

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is less alkaline than MEA and

MIPA. It is somewhat more alkaline than either DEA or

DIPA (diispropanolamine).

Titration curves are presented for several of the more

common metalworking amines with some of the more

common metalworking acids in Figures 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5.

Boric acid is a well-known component of metalworking

fluids, which imparts both corrosion resistance and

enhanced biostability. Both salts and condensates of

boric acid with a variety of amines have been employed.

Data in the literature suggest that the boric acid adduct of

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is quite effective in maintaining

pH and resisting biodegradation (Table 2.5).

Published information (Table 2.6) comparing the tendency

to form N-nitrosoamines in prototype synthetic and semi-

synthetic cutting fluids shows a pronounced tendency to

form these carcinogenic materials from secondary amines

like DEA and diisopropanolamine (DIPA). Primary amines,

like DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent, do not show this tendency.

Another important aspect in metalworking is corrosion.

Aluminum staining/corrosion data is compared in Tables

2.7, 2.8, and 2.9. Figure 2.6 compares magnesium

staining by various amines.

Amines for the Metalworking Industry

4

SECTION 2

5


Table 2.1 - Amines for Metalworking

Physical Properties DGA® Agent MEA AMP MIPA DEA DIPA TEA BHEMA APM

Amine Type Primary Primary Primary Primary Secondary* Secondary* Tertiary Tertiary Prim/Tert

Appearance Clear and free of suspended material

Color, Pt-Co <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15 <15

Equivalent Weight 105 61 94 75 105 133 149 119 144**

pKa, 20°C 9.45 10.03 9.82 9.40 8.88 8.70 7.76 8.59 10.04

pH, 5% aqueous solution 11.30 11.56 11.46 11.40 10.98 10.84 10.38 10.79 11.59

Boiling Point, °C, 760 mmHg 223 171 165 158 268 246 340 247 224

Vapor Pressure, 20°C, mmHg 0.004 0.4 0.7 0.6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <1

Freezing Point, °C -12.5 10 30 (dry) 25 28 44 21 -21 <-45

Flash Point, °C 124 95 78 71 149 260 202 126 86

Viscosity, cSt, 30°C 20 18.9 90 23 352 870 429 56

Environmental, Health &Safety Concerns

Dermal LD50, mg/kg >3000 1025 >2000 1600 >3000 >3000

Oral LD50, mg/kg 2560 2100 2900 2700 1410 >2000

Acute Fish LC50, mg/l 460 >500 331 220-460 0.1 >450

Acute Daphnia EC50, mg/l 190 >100 193 108 55 1530

Acute Algae IC50, mg/l 160 7.5–75 520 23 >10 169

Mutagenic No No No No (*) (*) No No

Dermal Sensitizer No No No No No No No No

WGK Classification 1 1 — 1 1 1 1 1

* Secondary amines prone to N-nitrosamine formation**Equivalent weight is for primary amine function only

Data sources: Huntsman, literatureHuntsman products in bold type.


6

SECTION 2

Table 2.2 - Common Amine Components of Metalworking Fluid Formulations

European U.S. DOT Packing ExposureCAS# Classification Classification Group Limits Authority

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol 929-06-6 Corrosive Corrosive III None —

MIPA Isopropanolamine 78-96-6 Corrosive Corrosive II None —

AMP amino methyl propanol alternative 124-68-5 Irritant None — None —

BHEMA Bis-(hydroxyethyl)methylamine 105-59-9 Irritant None — None —

TEA Triethanolamine 102-71-6 None None — 5 mg/m3 TWA ACGIH TLV

DEA Diethanolamine 111-42-2 Irritant None — 15 mg/m3 TWA ACGIH TLV

MEA Monoethanolamine 141-43-5 Harmful Corrosive III 6 mg/m3 TWA OSHA PEL

7

Table 2.3 - Relative Volatility of Selected Amines Used in Metalworking

Vapor Pressure, mmHg Boiling Point,°C, Flash Point,20°C 100°C 150°C 760 mmHg °C

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent 0.004 5.5 68.5 223 124

MEA 0.2 48.2 387 171 95

MIPA 0.5 79.8 560 158 71

AMP 0.7 59 457 165 —

Am

ine in V

apor

Phase

(W

t%)

Figure 2.1 - Volatility of Some Common Metalworking Amine Solutions*


*Plots correspond to a 10 wt% aqueous amine sample and were constructed using data obtained in vapor-liquid equilibrium determinations.


8

SECTION 2

Figure 2.2 - Cobalt Leaching by Commonly Used Metalworking Amines*

*Samples are 1 wt% aqueous solutions of amine containing 1500 ppm cobalt powder. The pH of each solution is adjusted to the desired pH level with aceticacid. Dissolved cobalt is measured after 21 days.

9

Table 2.4 - pH of Metalworking Amines as a Function of Concentration at 25°C1

Amine Concentrate (wt%) 5 10 15 20

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol 11.30 11.57 11.74 11.86

MEA Monoethanolamine 11.56 11.79 11.94 12.03

JEFFAMINE®

D-400 Polyetheramine 11.00 11.19 11.27 11.35

AMP amino methyl propanol alternative 11.40 11.69 11.84 11.95

MIPA Monoisopropanolamine 11.40 11.66 11.81 11.95

DEA Diethanolamine 10.98 11.18 11.31 11.38

DIPA Diisopropanolamine 10.84 10.90 10.97 11.02

TEA Triethanolamine 10.38 10.61 10.73 10.80

BHEMA Bis-(hydroxyethyl)methylamine 10.79 10.97 11.07 11.13

DMDGATM AminoalcoholN,N-dimethyl-2-(2-aminoethoxy)-ethanol 11.12 11.87 11.47 11.58

APM Aminopropylmorpholine 11.59 11.87 12.05 12.23

1 pH data was determined using a pre-calibrated Beckman 12pH Meter and Cole Parmer sealed combination electrode with a silver/silver chloride referenceelectrode. Solutions were allowed to equilibrate 10 minutes prior to measurement.



10

SECTION 2

Figure 2.3 - Titration Curves of Various Metalworking Amines with Decanoic Acid

Figure 2.4 - Titration Curves of Metalworking Amines with Isononaoic Acid

11


mL of 5% amine solution

Figure 2.5 - Titration Curves of Metalworking Amines with CORFREE® M1 Corrosion Inhibitor

Table 2.5 - pH Stability of Boric Acid Derivative of Aminoalcohols1

pHInitial 6 days 12 days 18 days 30 days % Change

Adduct with DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Odor 10.20 10.18 10.08 10.05 10.01 -1.9none none none none none

Adduct with MEA Odor 10.0 9.98 9.80 9.70 9.60 -10.0none none none weak weak

Adduct with DEA Odor 10.41 10.36 10.21 10.07 9.99 -4.0none none none none none

Adduct with TEA Odor 10.10 10.08 10.05 10.02 9.80 -2.2none none none none none

1 “Antimicrobial Properties of the Products from the Reaction of Various Aminoalcohols and Boric Anhydride”S. Wantanabe, T. Fujita, M. Sakamoto, and W. Aono

Materials Chemistry and Physics, Volume 19 (1988), pp 191-195

12

SECTION 2


Table 2.6 - Nitrosoamine Formation in Synthetic and Semi-Synthetic Cutting Fluids

Semi-synthetic Cutting Fluid1 ppb Nitrosoamine

Secondary AmineDEA 336Diisopropanol Amine 414

Primary AmineMEA 14Monoisopropanol Amine 18DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent 24

Tertiary AmineTEA 113

Control 9

Synthetic Cutting Fluid2 ppb Nitrosoamine

Secondary AmineDEA 609,000

Primary AmineMEA None detectedDIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent None detected

1 Conditions: 5% emulsion, 50 ppm Na nitrite, 60°C, 1 week Reference: J. Hübner in T + S Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik, 3, 1996

2 Literature: R.N. Loeppky, T.J. Hansen, and L.K. Keefter, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 21, 607-613, 1993Nitrite-free cutting fluid after exposure to nitric oxide in air for three hours

Table 2.7 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion Summary of Results

• Aluminum staining/corrosion is pH dependent• Aluminum staining/corrosion is also dependent on the presence of other common additives (such as fatty acids)• Tests run at pH=8.8 suggest that DGA® Agent may provide an advantage over other amines• Solutions of TEA showed much more significant staining/corrosion than any other amines tested• Test time was 24 hours at ambient temperature• Corrosion documented by weighing the test coupons before and after the test; dissolved Al in solution measured by ICP

13


Table 2.8 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion

Dissolved Al (ppm)Amine* Al 7075 Al 6061 Al 2024 Al 390

DGA® Agent 5 5.5 7.6 9

AMP 9 7.9 12 11.5

TEA 155 195 235 215

XTA-771 11 9.3 14 14

BHEMA 7.2 4.8 8.6 9

DEA 7.9 9.3 10 11

MEA — — — 10

Blank <1 <1 <1 <1

* 2.5 weight % aqueous solution of amine; pH adjusted with acetic acid

14

Table 2.9 - Aluminum Staining/Corrosion with Fatty Acid

Amine Dissolved Al (ppm)Isononanoic acid salt* Al 7075 Al 6061 Al 2024 Al 390

DGA® Agent 2.6 3.4 5 3.9

AMP 3.6 3.4 3.7 2.2

TEA 10 30 3.7 2.2

XTA-771 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.2

BHEMA 2.2 3.0 <1 <1

DEA 2.5 <1 1.2 <1

MEA 1.9 <1 2.6 <1

Blank 4.1 <1 6.7 6.0

* 2.5 weight % aqueous solution of salt (1:1); pH adjusted with KOH

Figure 2.6 - Effect of Amines on Magnesium % Wt Loss From Coupons

SECTION 2


15

Table 2.10 - Features and Benefits of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent in Metalworking

Features Benefits

• Primary Amine • DEA free• Isomeric with DEA • Reacts readily with acids to form amides and salts• Inventory listed (TSCA, EINECS, MITI, DSL, AICS) • Stoichiometrically equivalent to DEA• Used commercially in U.S. and Europe as DEA replacement • Readily available globally• Huntsman manufactures in U.S. and Europe • Minimal disposal problems• Low toxicity profile • Reduced volatility and respiratory concerns; Good cold weather handling • Non-mutagenic • Similar to DEA in providing buffering capacity• Non-dermal sensitizer • Amides provide lubricity, emulsification, hard water stability• Lower volatility, higher boiling and flash points than other DEA substitutes• Lower freezing points than other DEA substitutes• Provides buffering and corrosion protection• Lime-tolerant• Readily forms amides

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is an essentially colorless,

slightly viscous liquid. The product is a non-volatile

primary amine with a low tendency to leach cobalt,

aluminum, or copper. Features and benefits of DGA®

Agent are listed in Table 2.10.

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent has an excellent toxicity

profile as summarized in Table 2.11. Numerous physical

properties of DGA® Agent are listed in Table 2.12.

Table 2.13 lists the countries with DIGLYCOLAMINE®

Agent registrations. Table 2.14 lists TSCA registrations

for amides and salts of DGA® Agent.

A comparison of hard water tolerance of salts of

neodecanoic acid with either DGA® agent or DEA is

presented in Table 2.15.



16

Table 2.11 - DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Toxicity Profile

Mammalian Toxicity

Oral LD50 2.56 g/kg in rats; considered slightly toxic by ingestion (1991).

Dermal LD50 Greater than 3.0 g/kg in rabbits; considered practically non-toxic by dermal absorption (1990).

Dermal Irritation Draize dermal irritation score in rabbits is 8.0 of 8.0; considered to be a dermal corrosive (1992).

Ocular Irritation Due to dermal corrosivity, an ocular irritation study is considered to be inappropriate and has not been performed. Draizeocular irritation score (rabbit) is estimated to be 50 to 80/100; considered to be severely irritating/corrosive to the eyes.

Dermal Sensitization Not a sensitizer in guinea pigs when induced and challenged at 105 using the Beuhler study protocol (1991).

Genetic Toxicity

Ames Assay Negative with and without metabolic activation in a plate incorporation assay, using concentrations up to 10,000 ug/plate inSalmonella tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538 (1982).

UDS Assay Negative at culture concentrations up to 1% in DMSO. This concentration was the maximum non-cytotoxic dosage under thetest protocol (1982).

Cell Transformation Test Negative at culture concentration up to 1563 nl/ml. This concentration was the maximum non-cytotoxic dosage under the testprotocol (1982).

SECTION 2


17


Table 2.12 - Physical Properties of DIGYCOLAMINE® Agent

Boiling point, °C , 760 mmHg 221

Critical constants*Critical temperature, °C 401.40Critical pressure, psi 42.98Critical density, g/cc 0.322

Density, g/ml60°F 1.058577°F 1.0508

Flash point, °F, PMCC 255

Freezing point, °C -12.5

Heat of vaporization, 760 mmHg, Btu/lb 219.14

Ionization constant, 25°C, KD 3.6 x 10-5

Refractive index, nD, 20°C 1.4598

Specific gravity, 20/20°C 1.0560

Specific heat of liquid, Btu/lb/°F60°F 0.571180°F 0.623

Thermal conductivity, 68°F, Btu/hr, sq ft, °F/ft 0.121

Vapor pressure, 68°F, mmHg 0.004*

Viscosity, 60°F, cp 40

Weight, 60°F, lb/gal 8.8

* calculated

Table 2.13 - DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Registrations

Country Inventory CAS#

United States TSCA 929-06-6Europe EINECS 213-195-5Canada DSL 929-06-6Australia AICS 929-06-6Japan MITI (2)-3202Korea ECL 2-709

18

SECTION 2


Table 2.14 - DIGLYCOLAMINE® Amide and Salt Registrations

Inventory PMN# Amides CAS#

TSCA 99-350 DGA® Amide of Neodecanoic acid 212335-62-1

TSCA 99-351 DGA® Amide of Coco Fatty acid 212335-59-6

TSCA 99-352 DGA® Amide of Dodecanoic acid 20138-28-7

TSCA 99-353 DGA® Amide of Decanoic acid 158948-13-1

TSCA 99-358 DGA® Amide of Castor-oil Fatty acid 212335-58-5

Testing Required 99-354 DGA® Amide of Tall Oil Fatty acid 213702-37-5

Testing Required 99-355 DGA® Amide of Octadecanoic acid 32425-87-9

Testing Required 99-356 DGA® Amide of Isooctadecanoic acid 212335-61-0

Testing Required 99-357 DGA® Amide of Soya Fatty acid 212335-57-4

Salts

TSCA 99-544 DGA® Salt of Tall Oil Fatty acid 216593-48-5

TSCA 99-545 DGA® Salt of Octadecanoic acid 216583-60-7

TSCA 99-546 DGA® Salt of Isooctadecanoic acid 216583-91-4

TSCA 99-547 DGA® Salt of Soya Fatty acid 216593-49-6

TSCA 99-548 DGA® Salt of Castor-oil Fatty acid 216593-54-3

TSCA 99-583 DGA® Salt of Coco Fatty acid 216593-55-4

TSCA 99-584 DGA® Salt of Dodecanoic acid 78543-39-2

TSCA 99-585 DGA® Salt of Neodecanoic acid 216853-95-8

TSCA 99-586 DGA® Salt of Decanoic acid 216583-94-7

TSCA 99-587 DGA® Salt of Nonanoic acid 216583-66-3

TSCA 99-588 DGA® Salt of Boric acid 124756-59-8

TSCA 01-308 DGA® Salt of Dodecanedioic acid 292601-80-0

TSCA 01-309 DGA® Salt of Undecanedioic acid 292601-81-1

TSCA 01-310 DGA® Salt of Decanedioic acid 292601-82-2

TSCA 01-307 DGA® Salt of CORFREE® M1 inhibitor 292849-36-6

TSCA 01-311 DGA® Salt of 3,5,5-Trimethyl-hexanoic acid 292601-83-3

19

Table 2.15 - Hard Water Tolerance of Neodecanoic Acid Salts of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent vs. DEA

Hardness, ppm0 114 342 1000

Temperature, 25°CDIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent C C C CDEA C C SH SH

Temperature, 60°CDIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent C C C CDEA C SH SH SH

Notes: Salts used at 1% levelAcid type influences hard water toleranceC = ClearSH = Slight Haze


20


Data comparing the physical properties of DGA®

Agent and another commonly used metalworking

amine are given in Table 2.16. Both products are

relatively strong amines with about the same

equivalent weight. The boiling point, flash point, and

vapor pressure of DGA® Agent indicate DGA® Agent

is a less volatile amine. This could be an important

factor where misting and odor are concerns. Both

amines have similar toxicity profiles.

Table 2.16 - DGA® Agent Physical Properties

Physical Properties DGA® Agent AMP

Amine type Primary Primary

Equivalent weight 105 93.7

Boiling point, °C, 760 mmHg 223 165

Vapor Pressure, 20°C, mmHg 0.004 0.08

Freezing Point, °C -12.5 -2

Viscosity, cSt, 10°C 63 56125°C 27 147

pH, 5% aqueous solution 11.3 11.4

Flash point, °C 124 78

Environmental, Health, and Safety

Dermal LD50, mg/kg >3000 >2000

Oral LD50, mg/kg 2560 2900

Acute fish LC50, mg/l 460 331

Acute daphnia EC50, mg/l 190 193

Acute algae IC50, mg/l 160 520

Mutagenic No No

Dermal Sensitizer No No

SECTION 2


21

Because AMP is a slightly stronger amine than DGA®

Agent, it gives a directionally higher pH in solution

(Table 2.17). When these amines are used to provide

reserve alkalinity (buffering), we recommend the

inclusion of a weaker amine like TEA (Triethanolamine).

Reserve alkalinity is a function of the amount of amine

present. With strong amines, less amine is required to

reach a given pH target, hence reducing the amount

available for buffering. Inclusion of TEA will increase

the amount of amine present without appreciably

increasing the pH. The effect of blending TEA with

either DGA® Agent or AMP on pH and alkalinity of 5%

aqueous solutions is given in Table 2.17. The data

indicate AMP is a more basic amine giving a

directionally lower reserve alkalinity with TEA than

DGA® Agent with TEA.

Table 2.17 - pH and Reserve Alkalinity of 5% Aqueous Amine Solutions

pH Reserve Alkalinity 1

TEA 10.4 —

DGA® Agent 11.3 17.8

AMP 11.4 16.8

DGA® Agent/TEA (2.5%/2.5%) 11.1 21.6

AMP/TEA (2.5%/2.5%) 11.3 20.6

1 As neodecanoic acid salt (ASTM D1121)

The breakpoints obtained from iron chip corrosion tests

on borate salts of DGA® Agent and AMP are provided

in Table 2.18. DGA® Agent and AMP are seen to be

equivalent in their effect on corrosion of cast iron chips

as defined by the ASTM D4627 test.

The test solutions were made up of 1:1 amine/boric acid, at

1.5M concentration. This corresponds to 15.75 weight %

DGA® Agent, 13.35 weight % AMP, and 9.27 weight %

boric acid. The pH of all solutions was 10.1. The tests

were run according to ASTM D4627-92, utilizing 10

dilutions of the test solutions in calcium chloride water. A

second set of tests were also performed by making the

dilutions using calcium chloride water containing 10 times

the standard method concentration. There was no

observable effect on the breakpoints.

Table 2.18 - Amine Borate Chip Rust Test Results

Amine Breakpoint Breakpoint (10X)

DGA® Agent/Borate 4.0 4.0

DGA® Agent/Borate - repeat 4.0 4.0

AMP/Borate 4.0 4.0

AMP/Borate - repeat 4.0 4.0


22

DGA® Agent and AMP have a similar cobalt leaching

profile, while DGA® Agent is better toward copper

(Table 2.19). Foam properties, as measured on 1%

solutions of the neodecanoic acid salts of both amines,

are essentially equivalent.

Electrochemical tests1 were performed to measure the

corrosion rate of aluminum and carbon steel in amine-

borate solutions. The corrosion rate of aluminum in the

presence of only the amine borates or amine borates

and KOH, used to adjust to a constant pH, was

moderate, in the range of 2.4 to 6.0 mpy. There was

essentially no difference among the three amines.

Corrosion of carbon steel was very low, at an average

of 0.05 mpy. The data are given in the table below. We

conclude on the basis of this testing there are no

difference in the corrosion protection for aluminum and

steel provided by the amine borates prepared from

DGA® Agent, DEA, and AMP.

Table 2.19* - Cobalt and Copper Leaching Comparison

Co Cu

DI water (control) 11.0 0

DGA® Agent 24.4 107.5

AMP 17.8 207.5

*Angus Chemical Company data

Table 2.20 - Aluminum Corrosion Rates

Amine Salt pH Aluminum (mpy) Steel (mpy)

DGA® Agent Borate 9.6 4.9 ± 0.3 0.040 ± 0.012

DEA Borate 9.3 2.7 ± 0.3 0.060 ± 0.016

AMP Borate 9.8 5.4 ± 0.6 0.040 ± 0.0006

DGA® Agent Borate 10.1 3.2 ± 0.9 Not determined

DEA Borate 10.1 5.8 ± 1.9 Not determined

AMP Borate 10.1 3.8 ± 1.2 Not determined

1 The amines were prepared as 1:1 mole ratio salts with boric acid at a concentration of 0.1M. The solutions were tested at the as-prepared pH (shown in Table 2.20)and also at a pH value of 10.1, adjusted using KOH. The corrosion rates were measured using electrochemical polarization resistance over a four-hour period.Aluminum alloy 7075 (UNS A97075) and 1020 carbon steel were freshly polished before each test. All tests were performed at room temperature (22°C) undercontinuous aeration and with moderate stirring.

SECTION 2


23

General

The handling and storage of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent

present no unusual problems. Huntsman Corporation’s

Technical Services team is available to assist those

persons desiring additional information.

Maintaining Specifications

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is hygroscopic and will

absorb water vapor when exposed to a moist

atmosphere. If water content is to be minimized, a dry

inert gas pad under a few ounces of pressure should be

used on the storage tanks. A gas pad should also be

used if low color is important, since absorbed

atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide will cause

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent to develop color. Since

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is basic, it will react with

acidic gases; hence carbon dioxide and natural gas

containing acidic sulfur compounds cannot be used.

Nitrogen is quite suitable.

The solvent properties and alkaline nature of

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent should also be considered

when installing handling and storage facilities.

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent may react with copper to

form complex salts. The use of copper and alloys

containing copper should be avoided in equipment that

will contact DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent or its aqueous

solutions. Carbon steel storage tanks constructed

according to a recognized code are generally

satisfactory. In cases where low color is important,

stainless steel is preferred.

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is not compatible with

phenolic resin linings. Steam coils with sufficient surface

area to heat the tank contents using low-pressure steam

should be built into the tank about six inches above the

floor. The coils should be constructed in such a manner

as to allow the condensate to drain. Stainless steel coils

are preferred, particularly when low color

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is important. If steam heat is

to be used continuously to prevent high viscosities or

freezing, a temperature regulator that throttles either the

steam or condensate should be installed.

In situations where the ambient temperature is low, tank

insulation is desirable. Asphalt-cork or urethane foam

insulation sprayed onto the outer wall is satisfactory. If

a nitrogen pad is used, pressure relief and vacuum relief

valves of a suitable capacity should be installed. The

system may consist of a cylinder of nitrogen, a pressure

reducing valve, a pressure relief valve, and a line to the

top of the storage tank. Tankage should be diked and

electrically bonded and grouped.

Transfer Lines

Carbon steel transfer lines at least two inches in diameter

and joined by welds or flanges are suitable. Screwed

joints are subject to failure unless back-welded because

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent will leach conventional pipe

dopes. U.S. Rubber 899 gasket material, polypropylene,

Teflon® elastomer, or their equivalents are satisfactory for

use with flanged connections in DIGLYCOLAMINE®

Agent service. Avoid the use of nitrile rubbers such as

neoprene, Buna-N or Viton® rubber.

If the ambient temperature is below 20°F, the transfer

line for the pure product should be steam traced and

insulated. Steam tracing can be accomplished by

affixing copper tubing of approximately 3/8-inch

Handling, Storage and Shipping of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent


diameter to the underside of the line, insulating the tube

to the line, and using low-pressure steam in the tubing.

For flexible connections, stainless steel hose is preferred

to rubber since rubber will generally deteriorate in

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent service and increase the

color of the product with time and temperature.

Systems that are insulated and steam traced should

be preheated in cool weather before being put into

service. Normally, 15 to 30 minutes of applying steam

to the tubing will adequately warm, but not overheat,

the system.

Transfer piping and pumps may be equipped with a

nitrogen padding system so the DIGLYCOLAMINE®

Agent can be pressured out of the lines when an

extended idle period is contemplated. This practice

will help losses and color increases that would result if

the DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent were allowed to remain

in the lines.

Shipping Information

Delivery of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent can be made in

10,000 and 20,000-gallon tank cars. These cars are

constructed of welded carbon steel and have bottom-

unloading fittings and steam coils.

Deliveries can also be made in insulated, stainless steel,

full or compartmented tank wagons with steam coils. If

requested, tank wagons can be equipped with

unloading pumps and hoses.

Drums of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent can be shipped in

truckload or less-than-truckload quantities. The net

weight of a drum is 480 pounds; the gross weight is

approximately 519 pounds per drum. Drums are

UN1A1 or UN1H1, nonreturnable.

Under U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and

Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG)

regulations, the proper shipping name for

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent is “2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol”,

identification number UN 3055. This product is considered

a corrosive material (TDG hazard class 8) and requires a

“CORROSIVE” label for shipping.

For further information, please refer to the Material

Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

24

SECTION 2


25

BHEMA is a low-volatility tertiary amine which may

be useful as an alternative to TEA. It has low acute

toxicity, and low nitrosamine potential. These

features, as well as other features of BHEMA are

summarized in Table 2.21. Toxicity and

environmental profiles are presented in Tables 2.22

and 2.23. Registration information for salts of

BHEMA are listed in Table 2.24.

Table 2.21 - Features and Benefits of BHEMA

Features Benefits

• Alternative to TEA • Low volatility, which reduces airborne exposure• Low mammalian and aquatic toxicity • Not classified as corrosive under DOT• Low potential for nitrosamine formation • Shows lower tendency to stain than TEA• Effective in single amine formulations • Slightly stronger base and lower molecular weight than TEA, so less

amine is required for pH development• Good reserve alkalinity• Good copper and cobalt leaching characteristics

Table 2.22 - BHEMA Toxicity Profile

Test Result Interpretation

Dermal LD50 - Rabbit >2000 mg/kg Practically nontoxic

Dermal Irritation - Rabbit None -> slightly irritating

Eye Irritation - Rabbit Irritating BHEMA is alkaline.

90-day subchronic dermal study - rat LOAEL: 250 mg/kg/d Effects limited to skin effects from irritationNOAEL: 100 mg/kg/d

Genotoxicity Negative In-vivo and in-vitro studies

Data Source: IUCLID monograph


BHEMA

26

Table 2.23 - BHEMA Environmental Profile

Test Value Interpretation

Octanol:water partition coefficient (log Kow) -1.08 Very water soluble; low bioaccumulation potential

Fish Toxicity3 species LC50 760-2000 mg/l Practically nontoxic

Invertabrate Toxicity(Daphnia) EC50 230 mg/l Practically nontoxic

Algal Tox EC50 26-45 mg/l EPA slightly toxic


Table 2.24 - BHEMA Salt Registrations TSCA, DSL and EINECS Registrations Pending

Inventory PMN# Salts CAS#

TSCA P-05-782 BHEMA Salt of CORFREE® M1 inhibitor 843644-84-8

TSCA P-05-787 BHEMA Salt of Tall Oil Fatty Acids 843644-82-6

TSCA P-05-789 BHEMA Salt of Neodecanoic Acid 842129-84-4

TSCA P-05-786 BHEMA Salt of Nonanoic Acid 842126-27-6

TSCA P-05-788 BHEMA Salt of Decanoic Acid 842126-13-0


SECTION 2


27

SURFONAMINE® MW-781 amine is butoxypropyl

amine. It is a water white liquid with a low viscosity

and very low molecular weight. More features and

benefits are discussed in Table 2.25. Figure 2.7

displays the physical properties for SURFONAMINE®

MW-781 amine.

Table 2.25 - Features and Benefits of SURFONAMINE® MW-781 Amine

Features Benefits

• Strong primary amine (7.6 meq/g total amine) • Multipurpose additive for synthetic and semi-synthetic formulations• Possible candidate for Borate production • Viscosity is 2 cSt; Melting point is -47oC• Very low molecular weight (131 g/mol) • Has surfactant properties; coupling agent/solubilizer (somewhat foamy • Inventory listed (TSCA, ENICS, NDSL) if neutralized to a low pH)

• Possible vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor

Figure 2.7 - SURFONAMINE® MW-781 Amine Physical Properties


SURFONAMINE® MW-781 Amine

28

The ethanolamines used for metalworking are MEA

(Monoethanolamine), DEA (Diethanolamine), and TEA

(Triethanolamine). DEA has been used for a number of

years in metalworking applications. MEA and TEA are

often used in combination with each other. MEA has a

high pH and TEA has a low pH.

Some other metalworking amines that can be used

include XTA-771, JEFFAMINE® D-2000

polyoxypropylenediamine, JEFFAMINE® D-230

polyoxypropylenediamine, JEFFAMINE® D-400

polyoxypropylenediamine, and JEFFAMINE® T-403

polyetheramine.

XTA-771 is a polyoxyalkylene amine with three

primary amine groups per molecule. The features

and benefits are listed in Table 2.26.

XTA-771

Table 2.26 - Features and Benefits of XTA-771

• Low tendency to leach cobalt from tooling• Low tendency to leach copper• Provides added lubricity• Three primary amine groups per molecule

JEFFAMINE® D-2000 polyoxypropylenediamine acts as

a defoamer in metalworking applications. The features

and benefits are listed in Table 2.27.

JEFFAMINE® D-2000 Polyoxypropylenediamine

Table 2.27 - Features and Benefits of JEFFAMINE® D-2000 Amine

• Hydrophobic amine• Gives defoaming performance in semi-synthetic, but especially synthetic formulations• Fatty acids amides of JEFFAMINE® D-2000 amine may work even better

SECTION 2


Ethanolamines

Other Amines

29

Surfactants for the Metalworking Industry

SECTION 3

The main area of application in metalworking fluids for

the SURFONIC N series surfactants is in the

emulsification of oils. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs)

are highly effective materials for formulating soluble

oil, semisynthetic and metal cleaning compounds.

These surfactants have excellent emulsification

properties when used with naphthenic and paraffinic

oils. In general two or three ethoxylates of different

Hydrophile/Lipophile Balance (HLB) are blended in

order to get the best emulsification, especially when

formulating products for high hard water tolerance.

Higher HLB products will improve hard water

tolerance and hinder soft water tolerance.

Combinations of NPEs such as SURFONIC products

N-95 with N-40 or N-102 with N-60 are excellent

starting points for formulation work. The nonylphenol

ethoxylates tend to have lower foam and lower pour

points than the equivalent alkyl alcohol ethoxylates. The

SURFONIC N series products are biodegradable and

are compatible with sulfonates, fatty acid salts and

most other metalworking additives. To complete a

formulation, products such as an amide based on

DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent for corrosion control and

lubricity, PEG esters for lubricity, phosphate esters for

extreme pressure (EP) enhancement and amines for

alkalinity enhancement can be added.

Nonylphenol ethoxylates are also widely used in metal

cleaning compounds, where they act to scavenge

residual fluids, to enhance wetting and rinsing of parts,

and to disperse swarf left on parts. Formulations based

on NPEs can be used to clean parts from stamping and

forming operations where they help to disperse waxy

carriers left from the lubricant.

The wetting performance of the SURFONIC N series

products as a function of ethylene oxide (EO) content is

illustrated in Figures 3.1 and 3.2. The maximum wetting

performance of the water-soluble SURFONIC N series

products is seen with products containing 8.5 - 9.5

moles of EO per mole of nonylphenol. (Fig. 3.1)

Products containing 15 or more moles of EO are useful

as dispersants for graphite, metal cuttings and the like.

Many cleaning formulations use caustic additives to

help saponify fatty materials on the substrate. In

order to make NPEs soluble in potassium hydroxide

(KOH), for instance, a phosphate ester can be used.

Figure 3.2 shows the effectiveness of a phosphate

ester at solubilizing SURFONIC N-95 surfactant in

KOH solutions.

The physical and surfactant properties of the

SURFONIC N series products are shown in Table 3.1.


Nonylphenol Ethoxylates – SURFONIC® N Series Surfactants

30


SECTION 3

Table 3.1 - SURFONIC® N-Series Nonylphenol Ethoxylates

Pour Specific Wetting Ross Miles SolubilitySURFONIC® Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, Foam2, 100 SUS 100 SUS

Product at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C Point seconds ppm mm, Initial Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

N-31.5 Clear liquid 7.7 -4 1.01 294 243 8 S S I Emulsifier for soluble oils andsemisynthetics

N-40 Clear liquid 8.9 -7 1.026 255 343 10 S S I Emulsifier for soluble oils andsemisynthetics

N-60 Clear liquid 10.9 -7 1.041 239 843 12 S I D Emulsifier for soluble oils andsemisynthetics

N-85 Clear liquid 12.6 10 1.056 251 444 6.3 47 14 I I S Emulsifier for soluble oils andsemisynthetics

N-95 Clear liquid 13.1 4 1.061 293 544 6.4 48 80 I I S Emulsifier for solubleoils & semisynthetics,

metal cleaners


metal cleaners


metal cleaners


metal cleaners

N-150 White semisolid 15 23 1.065 306 655 52 100 120 I I S Improves hard water tolerance of soluble oil

and semisynthetics

NB-307 Clear liquid 17.1 2 1.02 785 500 I I S Improves hard water tolerance of soluble oil

and semisynthetics

NB-407 Clear liquid 17.8 5 1.022 765 I I S Improves hard water tolerance of soluble oil

and semisynthetics

1 0.1% solution, 25°C 2 0.1% solution, 120°F 3 Water titration, mls H2O to cloud 4 °C, 1% aqueous solution 5 °C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl

31


Figure 3.1 - Draves Wetting Times for Water-Soluble SURFONIC® N Series Products

Figure 3.2 - Effect of Phosphate Ester on Solubility of SURFONIC® N-95 surfactant KOH Solutions

4% SURFONIC® N-95 surfactantin KOH solutions

32


SECTION 3

The SURFONIC OP series surfactants are ethoxylates of

octylphenol. The properties of octylphenol ethoxylates

(OPEs) are similar to those of nonylphenol ethoxylates

of similar HLB.

Three main application areas exist in metalworking for

OPEs: acid-based cleaners, emulsifiers for soluble oils,

and semisynthetic formulations. The SURFONIC OP

series products are stable in dilute hydrochloric and

phosphoric acids. This characteristic suggests usefulness

in acid cleaning, pickling and phosphating formulations.

The physical and surfactant properties of the SURFONIC

OP series products are shown in Table 3.2.

Octylphenol Ethoxylates – SURFONIC® OP Series Surfactants

Table 3.2 - SURFONIC® OP Series Octylphenol Ethoxylates

Pour Specific Wetting SolubilitySURFONIC® Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, 100 SUS 100 SUS

Product at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C Point seconds ppm Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

OP-15 Liquid 5.1 -9 0.985 790 152 S S I Oil soluble couplerand defoamer for

semisynthetic and solubleoil formulations

OP-35 Liquid 8.6 -23 1.023 370 242 S S I Emulsifier for solubleoil formulations

OP-70 Liquid 12.0 -26 1.054 260 233 3.5 90 S S S Emulsifier forsemisynthetic formulations

OP-100 Liquid 13.6 2 1.065 240 663 3.6 200 I I S Emulsifier for semisynthetic formulations. Wetting agent

for phosphoric andhydrochloric acids

OP-120 Liquid 14.4 16 1.071 330 584 250 I I S Improves hard watertolerance of soluble

oil and semisyntheticformulations

1 0.1% solution, 25°C 2 Water titration, mls H2O to cloud 3 °C, 1% aqueous solution 4 °C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl

33


The SURFONIC® LF and P product families are made

up of ethoxylated, propoxylated linear alcohols. The

choice of alcohol and the addition patterns for ethylene

oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) give the

alkoxylated products their unique properties.

The alcohol alkoxylates are ideally suited for

metalworking operations. They tend to have low foam

generation characteristics and some products can act

as defoamers in water-based systems. All of the

surfactants in this group will solubilize the components

of carboxylate-based corrosion inhibitors in water.

These surfactants are best suited to synthetic and

semisynthetic formulations. Several products such as

SURFONIC P1 surfactant are also used in soluble oil

formulations. SURFONIC LF-18 surfactant is useful in

low-foam semisynthetic cutting fluids.

SURFONIC P5 surfactant is used in some acid cleaners

and in rinse aid applications. Several of the SURFONIC

LF series products, particularly SURFONIC LF-37 and

LF-18 surfactants are useful as rinse aid and cleaning

actives in metal cleaning operations.

SURFONIC LF-18 surfactant is used in the production

of low-foaming, highly effective microemulsion cleaners

using d-Limonene as the solvent phase. Formulations of

this type can be used to remove a variety of

metalworking compounds from metal parts. The

formulations have very low foam and can be used in

spray applications.

The SURFONIC LF and P series products offer a boost

in lubricity, making them multifunctional in semisynthetic

and synthetic formulations. Falex wear data are offered

on a simple formulation containing several of these

products. When the formulation is changed to include a

phosphate ester (SURFONIC PE-2258 surfactant),

dramatically improved Falex wear performance is

observed. The synergy between the alkoxylated

nonionic surfactant and the anionic phosphate ester is

also observed with the SURFONIC POA block

copolymer surfactants. By careful selection of the

phosphate ester and the SURFONIC LF or P series

product, it is possible to get emulsification,

solubilization, lubricity, extreme pressure characteristics

and corrosion protection in one pair of surfactants. The

multifunctional nature of these products makes them

ideal candidates for many metalworking formulations.

SURFONIC® JL-80X surfactant is used in some metal

cleaning operations. The unique structure of this

product eliminates the gel phase common to alcohol

ethoxylates in aqueous solutions. This characteristic

allows the formulator to blend the surfactant into a

formulation without regard to any gelling problems.

The physical and surfactant properties of the

SURFONIC LF and P series products are shown in

Table 3.3.

A comparison of the dynamic surface tension

characteristics of the SURFONIC alcohol alkoxylates is

presented in Figure 3.3.

Alcohol Alkoxylates – SURFONIC® LF, P and JL Series Surfactants

34

Table 3.3 - SURFONIC® LF, P and JL Series Alcohol Alkoxylates

Falex Wear, 875 poundsPour Specific Cloud Wetting Formulation A Formulation B Ross Miles Solubility

SURFONIC®

Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Point, °C Time1, Teeth Wear (T)Teeth Wear

CMC, Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUSProduct at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C 1% aq. seconds Torque in-lbs (IP) ppm mm, Initial/ 5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

LF-17 Clear liquid -12 0.998 96 34 4.8 65 T 6.6 6/0 I I D Wetting agent for15 IP acid cleaning

operations, low foamemulsifier/rinse aid

LF-18 Clear liquid -6 1.013 240 17 22 T 63 5 0/0 I I D Low foam additive for 21 IP semisynthetic and

synthetic formulations,active defoamer in metal

cleaning operations

LF-37 Clear to -12 0.9904 96 17 18 26 T 82 30 0/0 S I S Low foam emulsifierhazy liquid at 100°F 29 IP for semisynthetic and

synthetic formulations

LF-41 Clear to 1.0343 260 37 9.3 75 T 66 34.2 0/0 I I Shazy liquid 17 IP

P1 Clear to 7.0 -30 0.975 90 25 26.9 19 T 89 4.8 0/0 S S S Solubilizer/emulsifierhazy liquid 19 IP for semisynthetic

formulations. Emulsifier/rinse aid for metal

cleaners. Low foam.Wetting agent in

dilute acid.

P3 Clear to 9.0 -30 0.973 56 35 13.7 13 T 125 4.5 66/11 S I S Rinse aid for cleaners/hazy liquid 22 IP secondary emulsifier

for semisynthetic, wetting agent in

dilute acid.

P5 Clear to 10.0 -26 0.985 85 45 15.7 16 T 55 6.2 75/5 S I S Hydrophilic emulsifiehazy liquid 20 IP for semisynthetic,

soluble in dilute acid

P6 Clear to 4 1.018 353 26.8 31 T 61 4.9 0/0 I I D Low foam additive for hazy liquid 15 IP semisynthetic and

synthetic formulations,active defoamer

in metalcleaning operations.

L4-29X Solid 37 1.018 596 75 10 T 84 3.9 I I S High molecularat 100°F 15 IP weight emulsifier

for semisyntheticand soluble oils,

offers some thickening

JL-80X Clear liquid -5 1.003 51 59 9.8 18 T 83 75/70 I I S Prime surfactant in 22 IP cleaners

1 0.1% solution, 25°C 2 0.1% solution, 120°F 3 °C, 10% in 25% butyl diglycol

Formulation A: 1% TEA, 1% SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester, 1% SURFONIC surfactant, 97% water.Formulation B: 0.17% TEA. 0.15% CORFREE® M-1 inhibitor, 0.07% DGA® Agent, 0.6% SURFONIC surfactant, 99% water.


SECTION 3

35


Bubble rate, bubbles/second

Sur

face

Ten

sio

n, m

N/m

Figure 3.3 - Dynamic Surface Tension of SURFONIC® Alcohol Alkoxylates

36


SECTION 3

The SURFONIC® POA block copolymers are very useful

in a variety of metalworking operations. These products

are made by the sequential addition of ethylene oxide

and propylene oxide. The functional attributes of these

products — defoaming, wetting, lubricity, solubilization,

emulsification, thickening and dispersion — all depend

on the ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide, the

molecular weight of the product and the blocking

pattern of the molecule. Properties of the SURFONIC

POA products are given in Table 3.4.

Soluble Oils

Small amounts of low HLB products such as

SURFONIC POA-L101 and POA-L61 surfactants can

be used in soluble oils to promote solubilization of the

oil in the concentrate. Under actual use conditions,

these products can act as defoamers and can boost

lubricity, especially in the presence of a phosphate

ester. Higher HLB products will improve removal of the

soluble oil formulation from parts and equipment.

Semisynthetic Formulations

SURFONIC POA-25R2 surfactant is an excellent choice

for use in semisynthetic formulations. It will tend to

lower the foam of the system, promote good lubricity,

and help to solubilize naphthenic oil and carboxylate

corrosion inhibitors. If fine particles are present in the

system, POA-25R2 can form a weak association with

the particles and produce a thickening effect, which can

lead to reduced misting and “sling.”

In semisynthetic formulations, SURFONIC POA-L61 and

POA-L101 surfactants offer reduced foam and

improved lubricity. SURFONIC POA-L62 surfactant

helps with wetting of metal parts.

Synthetic Formulations

Synthetic formulations depend on products like the

SURFONIC POA block copolymers for low-foam

characteristics, enhanced solubilization of the corrosion

inhibitor salts, and a major part of the system lubricity.

The SURFONIC POA products have an inverse solubility

coefficient, which means that at some temperature,

known as the cloud point, the nonionic surfactant will

come out of solution and act as an oil. When the

temperature drops below the cloud point, the surfactant

becomes soluble again and redissolves into the water.

The lubricity offered by many nonionic surfactants is

partly due to the “oiling out” phenomenon. The

SURFONIC LF and P series products also show

lubricity effects above the cloud point. Careful selection

of SURFONIC POA surfactants for a particular

application can give formulations with low foam, high

lubricity and high stability.

Forming Lubricants

In many forming operations it is possible to replace an

oil-based lubricant with a simple synthetic formulation.

This formulation might contain a SURFONIC POA

copolymer, a phosphate ester for extreme pressure

activity and corrosion protection, and water. This type of

formulation offers several advantages: the number of

parts that can be formed between die service is

increased, the parts have better surface finish and the

formed parts are easier to clean. Many metalworking

operations using oil-based fluids can benefit from

substitution with water-based synthetic formulations

using the SURFONIC POA series of materials.

EO/PO Block Copolymers – SURFONIC® POA Series Surfactants

37


Table 3.4 - SURFONIC® POA Series Block Copolymers

Falex Wear, 875 poundsPour Specific Cloud Wetting Formulation A Formulation B Ross Miles Solubility

SURFONIC® Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Point, °C Time1, Teeth Wear (T)Teeth Wear

Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUSProduct at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C 1% aq. seconds Torque in-lbs (IP) mm, Initial/5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

POA-L61 Liquid 3 -30 1.017 360 24 10 T 6/0 I I D Defoamer for synthetic22 IP and semisynthetic fluids.

Lubricity enhancement.

POA-L62 Liquid 7 -4 1.04 150 32 60.7 11 T 138 40/10 I I S Active for cleaners.24 IP Lubricity enhancement.

POA-L62LF Liquid 6.6 -10 1.04 460 28 27.7 11 T 43/5.5 I I S Defoamer and lubricant22 IP additive.

POA-L101 Liquid 1 -23 1.02 800 15 12 T 0/0 I I S Solubilizer for semisynthetic24 IP and synthetic fluids.

POA-17R2 Liquid 1.03 2053 35

POA-25R2 Liquid 6.3 -5 1.02 570 30 117 15 T 57 0/0 I I S Lubricant in synthetic22 IP fluids and solubilizer in

semisynthetic fluids.

1 0.1% solution, 25°C 2 0.1% solution, 120°F 3 37.8°C

Formulation A: 1% TEA, 1% SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester, 1% SURFONIC POA surfactant, 97% Water.Formulation B: 0.17% TEA, 0.15% CORFREE® M-1 inhibitor, 0.07% DGA® Agent, 0.6% SURFONIC POA surfactant, 99% Water.

38

The SURFONIC® L series linear alcohol ethoxylates are

biodegradable, nonionic surfactants produced by the

addition of ethylene oxide to linear, primary alcohols.

Their physical appearance at room temperature varies

from clear liquids to white waxy solids, depending on the

alcohol used and the degree of ethoxylation. The

Huntsman line of linear alcohol ethoxylates is made from

alcohols containing only even carbon numbers in the

alkyl groups; the structure of these alcohols closely

matches that of alcohols from natural sources.

Ethoxylates are made from a blend of the alcohol

homologues. It is possible to deduce the product

composition from the product name; for instance,

SURFONIC L24-3 surfactant is a blend of C12, C14 and

C16 linear alcohols reacted with three moles of ethylene

oxide. Properties of the SURFONIC L series products are

listed in Table 3.5.

The SURFONIC L series linear alcohol ethoxylates are

widely used as emulsifiers, cleaners, penetrants and

wetting agents in metalworking formulations. Appropriate

selection of the alcohol chain length and degree of

ethoxylation can provide the surfactant properties

required for a particular application.

Products with a short alcohol chain and low degree of

ethoxylation, such as SURFONIC L12-3 surfactant, are

good solubilization agents. In microemulsion cleaners and

semisynthetic cutting fluids, they help to dissolve or

“couple” oily materials into the water-based formulation.

In some applications they can serve the same function as

a glycol ether with the added advantage of having low

vapor pressure. In metal cleaning operations, low-mole

alcohol ethoxylates are often blended with higher-mole

ethoxylates to give a formulated product with enhanced

oil removal, dispersant and emulsification properties.

Alcohol ethoxylates with 10-12 or 12-14 carbons and

about 6 EO units are prime cleaning agents for

metalworking operations. Products in this range, like

SURFONIC L12-6 surfactant, have the fastest surface

dynamics; their nature allows them to migrate to and

stabilize new surfaces quickly. This property is illustrated

by the dynamic surface tension measurement (Figure

3.4).

Alcohol ethoxylates with 12-14 carbons and 7-12 moles

of EO are used in soluble oil and semisynthetic cutting

fluids, particularly in paraffinic systems. Typically two

alcohol ethoxylates are used in a formulation to give a

wide range of good emulsification performance. Certain

pairs of surfactants compliment each other well in

emulsification applications. A blend of SURFONIC L24-

9 and SURFONIC L24-4 surfactants in a 1:2 ratio is

often an optimal system. Higher EO products like

SURFONIC L24-22 surfactant can be used to improve

the hard water tolerance of a formulation and can

improve the dispersibility of graphite or other particles in

a metal cleaning formulation.

At certain water/surfactant ratios, approximately in the

30-70% surfactant range, the alcohol ethoxylates

exhibit a gel phase. In this range, an aqueous surfactant

system will be a gel at room temperature but will

become an isotropic solution at temperatures above the

gel temperature. Glycol ethers, ethanolamines and

some anionic materials can be added to the system to

reduce the gel phase.

When formulating with alcohol ethoxylates, one can

avoid extended mixing times by selecting an

appropriate order of addition (add surfactant to water)

and by using heat during blending.

Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates – SURFONIC® L Series Surfactants


SECTION 3

39


Table 3.5 - SURFONIC® L Series Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates

Pour Specific Wetting Ross Miles SolubilitySURFONIC® Appearance Point, Gravity, Viscosity, Cloud Time1, CMC, Foam Height2, 100 SUS 100 SUS

Product at 25°C HLB °C 25/25°C cPs, 25°C Point seconds ppm mm, Initial/5 Min. Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

L12-3 Clear to 9.0 -9 0.932 35 453 S S Ihazy liquid

L12-6 Clear to 12.4 10 0.9820 43 505 4.0 91 111/9 S I S Prime wetting agenthazy liquid for water-based

metal cleaners.

L12-8 Clear to 13.6 18 1.004 98 805 8.4 118/8 I I S Prime wetting agenthazy liquid in metal cleaners.

L24-2 Clear to 6.2 10 0.903 25 S S I Oil soluble additivehazy liquid for water-based cleaners.

Additive for rolling oils.

L24-3 Clear to 8.0 4.4 0.9239 25 453 S S I Oil soluble additivehazy liquid for water-based cleaners

and hydrophobic esters.

L24-4 Clear to 9.4 4.4 0.9432 31 813 S S I Oil soluble additivehazy liquid for water-based cleaners

and hydrophobic esters.

L24-5 Clear to 10.6 10 0.9626 44 734 S S D Emulsifier forhazy liquid soluble oils.

L24-7 Clear to slightly 11.9 15.6 0.9824 47 505 8.7 16 98/15 S S S Emulsifier forturbid liquid soluble oils.

L24-9 White 13 21 0.9935 61 755 13.9 25 104/10 S I S Emulsifier for semisolid semisynthetic

formulations.

L24-12 Waxy solid 14.4 29.4 1.0075 47 686 35.1 29 113/11 I I S Improves hardat 100°F at 140°F water tolerance

of soluble oils.

L24-22 Waxy solid 16.6 39 1.0309 46 I I S Improves hard waterat 140°F at 140°F tolerance of soluble oils.

Good dispersing.

L46-7 White 11.6 21.1 0.979 63 505 20.6 12 76/25 S S Ssemisolid

1 0.1% solution, 25°C 2 0.1% solution, 120°F 3 Water titration, mls H20 to cloud 4 °C, 10% in 25% butyl diglycol 5 °C, 1% aqueous solution6 °C, 1% surfactant in 10% NaCl

40


SECTION 3

Figure 3.4 - Dynamic Surface Tension of SURFONIC® L Series Alcohol Ethoxylates

41


The SURFONIC® E series fatty acid ethoxylates and the

SURFONIC CO® series castor oil ethoxylates produced

by Huntsman are important groups of products in the

formulation of metalworking lubricants.

The SURFONIC CO series castor oil ethoxylates are

excellent emulsifiers for many oils used in metalworking.

The large size of the castor oil hydrophobe helps the

ethoxylated castor oil stay partially in the oil phase even

when highly ethoxylated or used in formulations with high

water/oil ratios. The castor oil ethoxylates are generally

low foaming.

Typically, PEG esters offer lower staining potential on

aluminum than straight fatty acids. The PEG esters

(especially the dioleates) generally are soluble in the

kerosene-type cuts used in traditional cold rolling

lubricants. The PEG esters are also stable in the fatty

alcohol products used in the same application. Excellent

aluminum rolling oils can be produced using blends of

PEG diesters, castor oil ethoxylates, fatty alcohols such

as SURFOL® 1416 alcohol and phosphate esters like

SURFONIC PE-2258 surfactant with alkanolamines such

as DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent.

Properties of the SURFONIC E series PEG ester and the

SURFONIC CO series castor oil ethoxylates are shown in

Table 3.6.

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates – SURFONIC® E Series Surfactants

Castor Oil Ethoxylates – SURFONIC® CO Series Surfactants

Table 3.5 - SURFONIC® E Series Fatty Acid EthoxylatesSURFONIC® CO Series Castor Oil Ethoxylates

Falex Wear1, Ross MilesSpecific # teeth at Foam Height2, Solubility

SURFONIC® Appearance Gravity, Viscosity, 875 lbs mm, Initial/ 100 SUS 100 SUSProduct at 25°C HLB 25/25°C cPs, 25°C direct load 5 minute Naphthenic Paraffinic Water Function

E400-MO Liquid 11.8 1.013 40 5/0 I I D Emulsifier and lubricity additive.

CO-15 Liquid 8.2 1.04 59 64 2.5/2 I S I Emulsifier for oil-based formulations.

CO-25 Liquid 10.7 1.03 66 55 4.4/3 I S I Emulsifier for oil-based formulations.

CO-30 Liquid 11.7 1.04 71 80 5.1/3 I S I Hydrophilic emulsifier for oil-based formulations.

1 Formulation: 3% surfactant, 1% TEA-99 in water2 0.1% solution, 120°F

42

Phosphate esters provide extreme pressure properties

to water-based and semisynthetic formulations.

Additionally they provide lubricity and emulsification of

other actives in metalworking formulations and they

solubilize nonionic surfactants into caustic- or silicate-

containing metal cleaning formulations. Many of the

phosphate esters also offer some cleaning activity in

metal cleaning operations. The phosphate esters in the

SURFONIC® PE product family also provide corrosion

resistance in many formulations.

Properties of the SURFONIC PE series products are

given in Table 3.7.

SURFONIC PE-2258 phosphate ester gives excellent

extreme pressure (EP) performance. Micrographs

showing actual Falex pin-and-vee blocks from several EP

tests are presented in Figures 3.5a and 3.5b.

SURFONIC PE-1218 phosphate ester is able to solubilize

nonionic surfactants in high electrolyte solutions such as

those containing sodium silicate; this is particularly useful

in cleaner formulations where the silicate is added to

increase alkalinity and to provide corrosion inhibition.

Phosphate Esters – SURFONIC® PE Series Surfactants


SECTION 3

Table 3.7 - SURFONIC® PE Series Phosphate Esters

Foam Height2, Falex EP in 100 SUS Foam Height1, mm, Initial/5 Falex EP in water Naphthenic Oilmm, Initial/5 min., 114 PPM (1.5% Surfactant (2% Surfactant in 100

min., Hardness 2% TEA-99) SUS Naphthenic Oil)SURFONIC® Acid # at Acid # at 114 PPM (response to Max Load Torque at Max Load1, Torque at

Product Hydrophobe pH 5-5.5 pH 9-9 Hardness nonionic) Carried, psi 4500 psi Carried, psi 4500 psi Function

PE-1198 Aromatic 68 103 80/40 85/32 4700 41 750 59 at 750 psi Hydrotrope in cleaners, EP in water-based systems

PE-2258 Aliphatic 83 135 97/53 91/53 4700 61 4700 48 Solubilizer in semisynthetics,offers mild EP, good lubricity

PE-1218 Aromatic 115 220 98/53 95/52 2700 90 750 19 at 750 psi Hydrotrope for cleaners

PE-1265 Aliphatic 76 135



PE-BP2 Aliphatic 310

PE-2200 Aliphatic Neutralized Neutralized

1 Formulation for foam height test: Phosphate ester (1.5%), TEA-99 (3.0%), Water 114 ppm hardness (94.5%). 2 Formulation for foam height test for response to nonionic: Phosphate ester (1.5%), TEA-99 (3.0%), SURFONIC® LF-18 surfactant (1.5%), Water (94%).

43


Figure 3.5a - Micrograph of Vee Block from Pin-and-Vee Test with SURFONIC®

PE-2258 Phosphate Esters

Figure 3.5b - Micrograph of Pin from Pin-and-Vee Test with SURFONIC PE-2258 Phosphate Esters

44

SURFONIC® MW-100 additive is a single-component

emulsifier for vegetable oil. This emulsifier is designed to

enhance the metalworking properties of vegetable oil-

based lubricants.

Formulated Emulsifiers – SURFONIC® MW-100 Additive


SECTION 3

Table 3.8 - Features and Benefits of SURFONIC® MW-100 Additive

• Inherently low-foaming• Compatible with phosphate esters for extreme pressure service• Useful in formulating stable macro- or microemulsions• Low pour point (-2°C) for easy handling• Low toxicity

45

Other Products for the Metalworking Industry

SECTION 4

Huntsman produces a number of other chemicals

useful in the metalworking industry, from chemical

intermediates to functional fluids to various glycols.

Linear Alkylbenzene Highboiler for Sulfonation Feedstock – Alkylate H-230L

Alkylate H-230L, a synthetic sulfonation feedstock widely

used in the metalworking industry to augment natural

sodium petroleum sulfonate, is produced by the

alkylation of benzene with olefins using an HF-catalyzed

process. The product is a blend of alkyl tetralins, dialkyl

benzenes, and alkyl naphthalenes and diphenyl alkanes.

The carbon number distribution peaks at C23.

The structures for the important constituents of this

product are shown in Figure 4.1. The typical carbon

distribution of the dialkylbenzenes, tetralins, and

diphenylalkanes is shown in Table 4.1; structures are

illustrated in Figure 4.2.

The actual level of each chemical species depends on

the alkylation feedstock. The average molecular weight of

Alkylate H-230L varies from 315-320, giving average

sulfonic acid molecular weights of 413-418 g/mole.

Sulfonation can be accomplished using air/SO3 or oleum.

The actual reaction conditions will vary according to the

desired product and process used for sulfonation.

Table 4.1 - Distribution of Chemical Types in Alkylate H-230L

Component Percent

Alkyl- and Dialkylbenzenes 74.2

Tetralins/Indanes 10.3

Dihydronaphthalenes/Indenes 1.8

Alkylnaphthalenes 3.9

Diphenylalkanes 6.5

Diphenylalkenes 3.2

Anthracenes 0.2

46


SECTION 4

Figure 4.1 - Carbon Number Distribution of Alkylate H-230L

47


Figure 4.2 - Alkylate H-230 L Constituents

Alkyltetralins Alkylindanes Alkyldehydronaphthalenes

Alkylindenes Alkylnaphthalenes CondensedAromatics

Diphenylalkanes

48


SECTION 4

JEFFOX® WL Series Functional Fluids

The JEFFOX® functional fluids are alkoxylates of mono-,

di- or tri-functional starting materials. These versatile

fluids have varying degrees of solubility in water and oil.

As lubricants, the fluids possess many desirable

properties of natural lubricants and have distinctive

properties of their own which recommend their use in

difficult applications such as metalworking fluids and

machine lubricants. The JEFFOX fluids have good

lubricating ability, even under high pressure, and high

viscosity indexes, which enable them to be used over a

wide range of temperatures.

In metalworking applications, the fluids permit high

production rates, excellent finishes and longer tool life.

Water-soluble fluids are especially convenient because

they may be washed from the work piece with cool water

to permit finishing operations.

The higher molecular weight JEFFOX WL fluids exhibit

inverse solubility behavior with respect to temperature.

This property can be used advantageously in water-based

metalworking fluids. When the water-based fluid comes

in contact with the hot tool and work piece, the lubricant

drops out of the solution and coats the metal surface.

This behavior takes full advantage of the cooling capability

of water and the excellent lubricity of the base fluid.

Because the JEFFOX fluids are transparent liquids, they

allow delicate operations on small metal pieces to be

observed easily.

Typical applications include:

• steel deep drawing

• tempered spring steel pressing

• nickel-plated steel drawing

• copper drawing

The fluids can also act as carriers for diamond powder

cutting or polishing agents.

Properties of the JEFFOX functional fluids are listed in

Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 - JEFFOX® Functional Fluids

Average Viscosity, Density, JEFFOX® Molecular Appearance SUS, Viscosity, cSt lb/gal Flash Point, PourProduct Weight Functionality at 25°C 100°F 60°F 100°F 150°F 20°C COC, °F Point, °F

WL-440 488 Tri Clear liquid 440 386 100 30 9.6 545 -30

WL-590 990 Tri Clear liquid 590 508 135 43 9.3 500 0

WL-660 1800 Mono Clear liquid 660 471 158 60 8.7 475 -45

WL-1400X2 2500 Di Clear amber liquid 1400 970 299 109 9.2 595 0

WL-5000 4365 Mono Clear amber liquid 5000 3556 1107 409 8.8 460 -10

49


Polyethylene Glycols -- POGOL® Series PEGs

Huntsman manufactures a number of polyethylene

glycol products. The POGOL product family has

numerous uses in metalworking and allied industries.

The largest use of the POGOL products is the

manufacture of PEG esters; through reaction of

polyethylene glycol with fatty acids such as lauric, oleic,

tall oil, castor and soya fatty acids, very useful lubricants

can be produced.

Typically the reaction is carried out between 140°C and

250°C with a nitrogen purge. Catalysts are not

necessary but they do substantially increase the

reaction rate. For the lightest color products, non-

catalytic procedures are used. Color inhibitors can be

added to the product to give yet lighter products.

Typical catalysts, such as pTSA, methane sulfonic acid

and tin-based catalysts can be used or sodium bisulfite

can also be used. Typical levels of catalyst are from

0.1% to 1% of the raw materials.

The POGOL polyethylene glycols are also useful

additives in hydraulic fluids where they offer suitable

lubricity and compatibility and can be conveniently

formulated with phosphate esters for extreme pressure

(EP) properties. The products act as thickening agents

and can be used for viscosity control.

POGOL 200 polyethylene glycol can be used as a

dispersant and carrier in the production of silicon

carbide slurries by attrition grinding. Typically a 35%

aqueous suspension can be produced, stabilized by

about 3% of POGOL 200 glycol.

POGOL products can also be used in the machining of

silicon wafers or for other semiconductor uses. Lapping

compounds to polish metal or semiconductor surfaces

are produced using POGOL polyethylene glycols; the

polyethylene glycol products help to disperse the

lapping abrasive. The high water solubility of the

POGOL products makes it easy to rinse the polished

substrate cleanly.

Some POGOL products are used as carrier solvents for

release agents in aluminum die cast operations.

Characteristics and properties of the POGOL®

polyethylene glycols are shown in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3 - POGOL® Polyethylene Glycols

Average Molecular Density, Flash Point, pH,POGOL® Molecular Weight Average g/ml Melt/Freeze Viscosity, cSt PMCC Pt-Co 5% Product Weight Range EO Units at 20°C Range, °C at 37.8°C °F Color aqueous

200 200 190-210 4.2 1.124 - 25 >300 <50 5.5 - 7.0

300 300 285-315 6.4 1.125 -15 to -8 37 >350 <50 5.5 - 7.0

400 400 380-420 8.7 1.125 4 to 8 42 390 <50 5.5 - 7.0

600 600 570-630 13.2 1.126 20 to 25 64 410 <50 5.5 - 7.0

50

Regional Product Offerings

SECTION 5

Table 5.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry – North America

Product

Primary AminesMonoethanolamineDIGLYCOLAMINE® AgentSURFONAMINE® MW-781 amine

Tertiary AminesTriethanolamine BHEMAAlkoxylated AminesSURFONIC® PEA-25 surfactantSURFONIC® T amine surfactants

PolyetheraminesJEFFAMINE® D series aminesJEFFAMINE® T-403 amineSURFONAMINE® MNPA-1000 amine

Linear AlcoholsSURFOL® 1214 fatty alcoholSURFOL® 1416 fatty alcohol

Alcohol EthoxylatesSURFONIC® L series surfactants

Alcohol AlkoxylatesSURFONIC® LF series surfactantsSURFONIC® P series surfactants

Alkylphenol EthoxylatesSURFONIC® N series surfactantsSURFONIC® OP series surfactants

Fatty Acid EthoxylatesSURFONIC® E400-MO surfactant

Alk

alin

ity C

ont

rol

Co

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n In

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itors

Em

ulsi

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Lub

rici

ty A

dd

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s

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ts

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Met

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ves

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iate

s

51


Table 5.1 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry – North America Continued

Product

Castor Oil EthoxylatesSURFONIC® CO series surfactants

EO/PO Block and ReverseBlock Copolymers

SURFONIC® POA series surfactants

Phosphate EstersSURFONIC® PE-1198 surfactantSURFONIC® PE-BP2 surfactant

Sodium Isethionate

Functional FluidsJEFFOX® functional fluids

GlycolsDiethylene glycolPropylene glycolPOGOL® polyethylene glycols

Alk

alin

ity C

ont

rol

Co

rro

sio

n In

hib

itors

Em

ulsi

fiers

Lub

rici

ty A

dd

itive

s

Co

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gen

ts

Ant

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ants

Met

al C

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Aid

s

Har

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ater

To

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nce

Aid

s

Ant

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ist

Ad

diti

ves

Inte

rmed

iate

s

52


SECTION 5

Table 5.2 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry – Europe

Product

Primary AminesDIGLYCOLAMINE® AgentSURFONAMINE® MW-781 amineMonoethanolamine

Tertiary AminesBHEMAAlkoxylated AminesEMPILAN® AMT series surfactantsTriethanolamine

PolyetheraminesJEFFAMINE® D series aminesJEFFAMINE® T-403 amineSURFONAMINE® MNPA-1000 amine

Linear AlcoholsLAUREX® fatty alcohols

Alcohol EthoxylatesEMPILAN® K series surfactants

Alcohol AlkoxylatesEMPILAN® PF series surfactantsSURFONIC® LF series surfactantsSURFONIC® P series surfactants

Alkylphenol EthoxylatesEMPILAN® NP series surfactantsEMPILAN® OPE series surfactants

Fatty Acid EthoxylatesEMPILAN® BQ series surfactants

Alk

alin

ity C

ont

rol

Co

rro

sio

n In

hib

itors

Em

ulsi

fiers

Lub

rici

ty A

dd

itive

s

Co

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ts

Ant

i-F

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ants

Met

al C

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Aid

s

Har

d W

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To

lera

nce

Aid

s

Ant

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ist

Ad

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ves

Inte

rmed

iate

s

53


Table 5.2 - Huntsman Products for the Metalworking Industry – Europe Continued

Product

Castor Oil EthoxylatesDEHSCOFIX® CO series surfactants

EO/PO Block and ReverseBlock Copolymers

EMPILAN® P series surfactants

Phosphate EstersEMPIPHOS® O3D surfactantEMPIPHOS® A5D surfactantEMPIPHOS® DF series surfactants

Functional FluidsJEFFOX® functional fluids

Ether CarboxylatesEMPICOL® C series surfactants

Fatty AlkanolamidesEMPILAN® alkanolamides

Alk

alin

ity C

ont

rol

Co

rro

sio

n In

hib

itors

Em

ulsi

fiers

Lub

rici

ty A

dd

itive

s

Co

uplin

g A

gen

ts

Ant

i-F

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ants

Met

al C

lean

ing

Aid

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Aid

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HUNTSMANPERFORMANCEPRODUCTS

Americas

Business Offices10003 Woodloch Forest DriveThe Woodlands, TX 77380281-719-6000281-719-6416 fax

Technology CenterHuntsman AdvancedTechnology Center8600 Gosling RoadThe Woodlands, TX 77381281-719-7400281-719-7500 fax

Marketing281-719-6000281-719-6055 fax

Research & Development281-719-7400281-719-7555 fax

Technical Services281-719-7780281-719-7555 fax

Customer Service800-852-4957

Europe

Huntsman Belgium BVBAEverslaan 45B-3078 Everberg, Belgium

Huntsman Belgium BVBAEverslaan 45B-3078 Everberg, Belgium

+44-1946-694108+44-1946-694891 fax

+44-121-550-6187 +44-121-550-1765 fax

+44-121-550-6187+44-121-550-1765 fax

Asia-Pacific

Huntsman (Singapore) Pte Ltd150 Beach Road #14-05/08Gateway WestSingapore 189720+65 6390 0371+65 6296 3368 fax

Huntsman Corporation Australia Pty Ltd61 Market RoadBrooklyn, Victoria 3012Australia+61 3 9933 6633+61 3 9933 6600 fax

+60 3 7954 0842+60 3 7958 1677 fax

281-719-7400281-719-7555 fax

+61 3 9933 6666+61 3 9933 6600 fax

+65 6390 0371

54

Regional Contact Information

SECTION 6

Copyright ©2005 Huntsman Corporation

Huntsman Corporation warrants only that itsproducts meet the specifications stated herein.Typical properties, where stated, are to beconsidered as representative of current productionand should not be treated as specifications. While allthe information presented in this document isbelieved to be reliable and to represent the bestavailable data on these products, NO GUARANTEE,WARRANTY, OR REPRESENTATION IS MADE,INTENDED, OR IMPLIED AS TO THECORRECTNESS OR SUFFICIENCY OF ANYINFORMATION, OR AS TO THE SUITABILITY OFANY CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR ANYPARTICULAR USE, OR THAT ANY CHEMICALCOMPOUNDS OR USE THEREOF ARE NOTSUBJECT TO A CLAIM BY A THIRD PARTY FORINFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT OR OTHERINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. EACH USERSHOULD CONDUCT A SUFFICIENTINVESTIGATION TO ESTABLISH THE SUITABILITYOF ANY PRODUCT FOR ITS INTENDED USE.Products may be toxic and require specialprecautions in handling. For all products listed, usershould obtain detailed information on toxicity,together with proper shipping, handling, and storageprocedures, and comply with all applicable safetyand environmental standards.

10003 Woodloch Forest DriveThe Woodlands, Texas 77380281-719-6000

Technical Services Section 8600 Gosling Rd. The Woodlands, Texas 77381 281-719-7780

NYSE: HUN

©2005HUNTSMAN CORPORATION

www.huntsman.com/metalworking

Huntsman Metalworking Brochure - renumbered Library/a... · Amines for the Metalworking Industry 6...

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