Hungarian oak forests from the Central European perspective Jan Roleček, Vegetation Science Group,...

Hungarian oak forests from the Central European Hungarian oak forests from the Central European perspectiveperspective

Jan Roleček, Vegetation Science Group, Institute of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

[email protected]

Who are we?The project is coordinated by the author at the Institute of Botany and Zoology in Brno, Czech Republic. We cooperate with the experts in all four concerned countries:Ilona Knollová & David Zelený, Institute of Botany and Zoology, Brno Wolfgang Willner, VINCA – Institut für Naturschutzforschung und Ökologie, WienFranz Starlinger, Bundesamt für Wald, WienJános Csiky, Dept. of Systematic and Ecological Botany, University of PécsMilan Valachovič, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, BratislavaJana Sadloňová, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava

The project is supported by the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic grant B601630504 and by the long-term research plan MSM 0021622416.

What we do?Since 2002, an extensive research of the variability of oak forest vegetation has been conducted in four Central European countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary). The research combines traditional methods of phytosociological field research (Braun-Blanquet approach) and advanced methods of vegetation data analysis (multivariate analysis of vegetation variability, indicator species analysis, ecological analysis of vegetation using species traits, etc.). The aim of the research is to evaluate the overall variability of Central European oak forests, to determine the main gradients of their species composition on different spatial scales, and to draw syntaxonomic conclusions.

Why we do that? The traditional phytosociology brings distorted view of the variability of vegetation, especially when moving to larger spatial scales (Chytrý 2001, Knollová & Chytrý 2004). Therefore it is not possible to describe the general patterns of species coexistence realistically in such large regions as e.g. Hungary by summarizing the results of local phytosociological studies. It is necessary to perform large-scale analysis of extensive phytosociological datasets then.

On the other hand, the traditional phytosociology harbours indispensable knowledge on the local vegetation variability in the particular time and space. Thus the complementarity of the traditional and modern large-scale approaches must be emphasized. The challenge for the contemporary vegetation science is to make the best account of the advantages of both approaches.

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Some preliminary resultsThis is just to show rough patterns of variability and of geographic distribution of thermophilous oak forests in Central Europe, as they appear when you get the phytosociological data together (about 2500 relevés). We still have to improve the geographic and ecological representativeness of the data, to find the geographic coordinates of many relevés, and to acquire necessary environmental data.

Who are we?The project is coordinated by the author at the Institute of Botany and Zoology in Brno, Czech Republic. We cooperate with the experts in all four concerned countries:Ilona Knollová & David Zelený, Institute of Botany and Zoology, Brno Wolfgang Willner, VINCA – Institut für Naturschutzforschung und Ökologie, WienFranz Starlinger, Bundesamt für Wald, WienJános Csiky, Dept. of Systematic and Ecological Botany, University of PécsMilan Valachovič, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, BratislavaJana Sadloňová, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava

The project is supported by the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic grant B601630504 and by the long-term research plan MSM 0021622416.

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Diagnostic species - group 2

Festuca ovina s.l.

Luzula luzuloides

Avenella flexuosa

Hypericum perforatum

Pinus sylvestris

Hieracium lachenalii

Quercus petraea agg.

Galium pumilum s.l.

Poa nemoralis

Hieracium pilosella

Dianthus carthusianorum s.l.

Luzula campestris agg.

Lychnis viscaria

Agrostis capillaris

Steris viscaria


Hieracium pilosella

Festuca ovina s.l.

Linaria genistifolia

Jasione montana

Rumex acetosella

Carex humilis

Genista pilosa

Luzula campestris agg.

Phleum phleoides

Dianthus carthusianorum s.l.

Hypericum perforatum

Trifolium alpestre


Avenella flexuosa

Sedum rupestre

CZAU

CZ AU

SKHU


Poa nemoralis


Lathyrus niger

Hieracium sabaudum

Lathyrus vernus

Carex montana

Veronica officinalis

Festuca heterophylla

Galium sylvaticum

Stellaria holostea

Viola reichenbach/riviniana

Melampyrum pratense

Luzula luzuloides

Ajuga reptans

Hieracium murorum

CZ

AU

SK

HU


Luzula luzuloides

Fagus sylvatica

Hieracium murorum

Avenella flexuosa

Vaccinium myrtillus


Digitalis grandiflora

Senecio nemorensis agg.

Calamagrostis arundinacea

Hieracium racemosum

Polypodium vulgare agg.

Poa stiriaca

Carpinus betulus

Melampyrum pratense

Sorbus aucuparia

CZ

AU

SK

HU


Geum urbanum

Brachypodium sylvaticum

Carex michelii

Ulmus minor

Viola hirta

Dictamnus albus

Carex muricata agg.

Euonymus europaea

Buglossoides purpurocaerulea

Ligustrum vulgare

Crataegus species

Fallopia sp.

Prunus spinosa

Chaerophyllum temulum

Robinia pseudacacia

CZ

AU

SK

HU


Prunus spinosa

Euonymus europaea

Acer tataricum

Poa pratensis agg.

Quercus cerris

Phlomis tuberosa

Quercus pubescens agg.

Polygonatum latifolium

Carex praecox s.l.

Campanula bononiensis

Fragaria viridis

Filipendula vulgaris

Alliaria petiolata

Prunus fruticosa

Pulmonaria mollis agg.

AUSK

HU


Vicia cassubica

Hypericum hirsutum

Rosa canina s.l.

Poa pratensis agg.

Quercus cerris

Rubus fruticosus agg.

Prunus spinosa

Poa nemoralis

Acer tataricum

Astragalus glycyphyllos

Calamagrostis epigejos

Lychnis coronaria


Torilis japonica

Carex muricata agg.

CZ

SK

HU


Geum urbanum


Sambucus nigra

Alliaria petiolata

Acer campestre

Quercus cerris

Viola suavis

Ulmus minor


Galium aparine

Viola mirabilis

Geranium robertianum

Euonymus europaea

Lactuca quercina


AU

SK

HU


Teucrium chamaedrys

Astragalus glycyphyllos

Sorbus torminalis

Ligustrum vulgare

Cornus mas

Vincetoxic hirundinaria

Carex michelii

Fragaria viridis

Bupleurum falcatum

Rosa canina s.l.

Crataegus species

Viburnum lantana

Securigera varia

Medicago falcata

Galium glaucum

CZ

AU

SK


Potentilla alba

Lathyrus niger

Carex montana

Quercus cerris

Convallaria majalis

Cornus sanguinea

Prunus avium

Serratula tinctoria

Prunus spinosa

Festuca heterophylla

Asphodelus albus

Galium sylvaticum

Euphorbia angulata

Iris variegata

Crataegus species

CZ

AU

SK

HU


Viola mirabilis

Euonymus verrucosa

Acer campestre

Cornus sanguinea

Fraxinus excelsior

Geum urbanum


Viburnum lantana

Prunus avium

Carpinus betulus


Cruciata laevipes

Ligustrum vulgare

Galium odoratum

Pulmonaria officinalis agg.

CZ

AUSK

HU


Seseli libanotis

Buphthalmum salicifolium

Hieracium bifidum

Cyclamen purpurascens

Viola collina

Knautia drymeia

Salvia glutinosa

Sesleria albicans

Calamagrostis varia

Lonicera xylosteum

Silene nemoralis

Euphorbia angulata

Carpinus betulus

Silene nutans

Corylus avellana

AU


Fraxinus excelsior

Hepatica nobilis

Euonymus verrucosa

Cornus mas


Viburnum lantana

Arabis turrita

Tilia platyphyllos

Hedera helix

Viola odorata

Carex alba

Sorbus aria agg.

Primula veris

Berberis vulgaris


AU

HU


Quercus robur

Frangula alnus

Potentilla erecta

Molinia caerulea agg.

Potentilla alba

Carex pallescens

Scrophularia nodosa

Viburnum opulus

Deschampsia cespitosa

Selinum carvifolia

Betonica officinalis

Rubus caesius

Fragaria vesca

Campanula patula

Viola reichen/riviniana

CZ

AU SK

HU


Quercus robur

Anthoxanthum odoratum

Peucedanum oreoselinum

Carex fritschii

Galium verum s.l.

Iris variegata

Achillea millefolium agg.

Carex pallescens

Clinopodium vulgare

Festuca ovina s.l.

Cerastium arvense

Arrhenatherum elatius

Festuca rubra

Ranunculus polyanthemos

Betonica officinalis

CZ

SK

HU

What do the charts say?

The 20 charts present 15 most diagnostic species of 20 vegetation types of Central European (sub)thermophilous oak forests. Diagnostic species were determined using phi coefficient of fidelity (Chytrý et al. 2002). The vegetation types were extracted using cluster analysis (Ward´s method, Euclidean distance) of ordination scores of relevés on first four ordination axes of detrended correspondence analysis (species cover values log-transformed).

The pie charts present the relative number of relevés of a particular vegetation type coming from a particular country: HU – Hungary, SK – Slovakia, AU – Austria, CZ – Czech Republic.

The dendrogram shows the similarity between the 20 vegetation types presented in the charts.


Carex humilis

Sesleria albicans

Sorbus aria agg.

Teucrium chamaedrys

Potentilla heptaphylla agg.

Pimpinella saxifraga s.l.

Asperula tinctoria

Leontodon incanus


Genista pilosa

Vincetoxic hirundinaria

Galium austriacum

Asperula cynanchica

Arabis hirsuta agg.

Salvia pratensis

CZAU

SK


Cornus mas

Teucrium chamaedrys


Berberis vulgaris

Erysimum odoratum

Vincetoxicum hirundinaria

Carex humilis

Bupleurum falcatum

Anthericum ramosum

Brachypodium pinnatum

Securigera varia

Stachys recta

Pyrethrum corymbosum

Juniperus communis

Campanula rapunculoides

CZ

AUSK


Erysimum odoratum


Teucrium chamaedrys

Prunus mahaleb

Festuca pallens s.l.

Galium album s.l.

Stachys recta

Helianthemum grandiflorum

Cornus mas

Carex humilis

Inula ensifolia

Fraxinus ornus

Carex michelii

Geranium sanguineum

Waldsteinia geoides

CZ

HUSK


Stachys recta

Galium glaucum

Thymus pannonicus agg.

Festuca rupicola

Phleum phleoides

Teucrium chamaedrys

Achillea millefolium agg.

Agropyron intermedium agg.

Anthemis tinctoria

Sedum sexangulare

Asperula cynanchica

Allium flavum

Linaria genistifolia

Lactuca viminea

Acinos arvensis

CZ

AUSK

HU


Poa compressa

Festuca rupicola

Galium verum s.l.

Hieracium bauhinii

Seseli osseum

Dorycnium pentaphyllum agg.

Poa pannonica

Veronica chamaedrys agg.


Poa pratensis agg.

Carex caryophyllea

Festuca valesiaca s.l.

Juniperus communis

Agrimonia eupatoria

Trifolium campestre

SK

acidophilous subthermophilous

oak forests

thermophilous oak forests of deep

+- eutrophic soils

basiphilous subxerophilous

oak forests

subthermophilous oak forests of heavy

or sandy soils

xerothermic oak forests

of

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Hungarian oak forests from the Central European perspective Jan Roleček, Vegetation Science Group,...

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