HUMIC ACID - Laub BioChem€¦ · · 2013-11-25Synthetic Humic Acid ... Gel-Permeation...

HUMIC ACID

NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

Laub BioChemicals Corporation 1401 Quail St., Suite 121

Newport Beach, CA 92660

Supplement IV

2002 – 2004

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FRONTISPIECE: “Foot-and-mouth” disease is caused by a virus of the family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus. It is one of the most contagious animal diseases, and is responsible for significant annual economic losses worldwide.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Reviews and Monographs ............................................. 1

Natural-Product Humic Acid .................................... 6 Isolation and Preparation Procedures ................................................. 22

Synthetic Humic Acid ....................................................... 35 Chemical Synthesis .............................................................................. 36 Enzymatic Synthesis ............................................................................ 39

Physicochemical Properties and Characterization .................................................................... 40 Acid-Base Properties ............................................................................ 40 Adsorption of, from Solution ................................................................ 41 Alcohol Content ..................................................................................... 41 Amide Content ..................................................................................... 42 Amino Acid Content .............................................................................. 42 Aromaticity ........................................................................................... 42 Ash Content ..................................................................................... 43 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) ............................................... 43 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES) .................................................. 43 Atomic Force Microscopy ...................................................................... 43 Bromination of ..................................................................................... 45 Calorimetry ..................................................................................... 45 Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE) ................................................. 45 Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CZE-MS) ......... 47 Carboxyl Content .................................................................................. 48 Centrifugation of ................................................................................... 48 Chlorination of ..................................................................................... 48 Circular Dichroism ............................................................................... 49 Complexation ........................................................................................ 49 with Metals ...................................................................................... 57 Composition .......................................................................................... 82 Conductiometry ..................................................................................... 82 Decolorization ....................................................................................... 83 Degradation .......................................................................................... 83 Derivatization ....................................................................................... 84 Dialysis .................................................................................................. 86 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) ........................................... 86

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Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) .................................................. 87 Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTG) ................................ 88 Diffusion Coefficients ........................................................................... 88 Electrochemical Analysis ..................................................................... 88 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) ..................... 88 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR) ..................................... 89 Electrophoresis ..................................................................................... 90 Elemental Composition ........................................................................ 90 Fatty Acid Content ............................................................................... 93 Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) ........................................................... 94 Field-Flow Fractionation–Mass Spectrometry (FFF-MS) ................... 94 Flocculation ..................................................................................... 95 Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) .............................................................. 95 Flow Injection Analysis-Capillary Electrophoresis (FIA-CZE) ........... 95 Fluorescence Spectroscopy ................................................................... 95 Fractionation ......................................................................................... 101 Free Radical Content ............................................................................ 110 Free Radical Scavenging by ................................................................. 110 Functional Group Analysis ................................................................... 110 Gas Chromatography (GC) ................................................................... 112 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) ........................... 113 Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) ............................................. 116 Gel-Permeation Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GPC-MS) ..... 122 Gel-Permeation Chromatography–Polyacrylamide Gel Electro-

phoresis (GPC-PAGE) .................................................................. 122 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) .......................... 123 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

(HPLC-MS) .................................................................................. 125 Immobilization ..................................................................................... 126 Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) ................................ 126 Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy-Mass Spectrometry

(ICP-MS) ..................................................................................... 126 Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy-Optical Emission

Spectrometry (ICP-OES) ............................................................. 126 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) ................................................................... 127 Ion Exchange Chromatography ........................................................... 135 Light Scattering .................................................................................... 135 Lipid Content ........................................................................................ 135 Luminescence Spectroscopy ................................................................. 136 Mass Spectrometry (MS) ...................................................................... 136 Mobility ................................................................................................ 140

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Moisture Absorption ............................................................................. 140 Molecular Weight .................................................................................. 141 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) ..................................................... 147 Nitration ................................................................................................ 147 Nitrogen Content .................................................................................. 148 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) ............................ 148 Nuclear Microprobe Analysis (NMA) ................................................... 161 Oxidation ............................................................................................... 161 Ozonation .............................................................................................. 162 Peptide Content .................................................................................... 162 Photochemical Degradation/Photochemistry ...................................... 162 Polymerization ..................................................................................... 163 Potentiometry ....................................................................................... 163 Proton Affinity ...................................................................................... 164 Pyrolysis ................................................................................................ 164 Raman Spectroscopy ............................................................................. 166 Reactivity .............................................................................................. 167 Redox Properties ................................................................................... 167 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) .................................................. 167 Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) ............................................................... 168 Sonolysis ................................................................................................ 168 Spectral Characteristics ....................................................................... 168 Structure and Morphology .................................................................... 168 Models of .......................................................................................... 176 of Solutions ...................................................................................... 177 Sulfur Content ...................................................................................... 181 Surface Tension, of Solutions ............................................................... 181 Thermal Stability .................................................................................. 181 Thermodynamic Properties .................................................................. 182 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) ..................................................... 182 Thermolysis ........................................................................................... 183 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) ..................................................... 183 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) ..................................................... 183 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) .......................................... 184 Turbidimetry ......................................................................................... 184 Ultrafiltration ....................................................................................... 184 Ultrasonication ..................................................................................... 187 Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) ........................................... 187 Vapor-Phase Osmometry (VPO) ........................................................... 192 Viscometry ............................................................................................ 192

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Voltammetry ......................................................................................... 192 Volumetry .............................................................................................. 193 X-ray Diffraction ................................................................................... 193 X-ray Fluorescence ............................................................................... 193 X-ray Microscopy .................................................................................. 194 X-ray Scattering .................................................................................... 194 X-ray Spectroscopy ............................................................................... 195 Zeta Potential ........................................................................................ 138

Physiology and Physiological Effects .............. 198 on Nitric Oxide Generation .................................................................. 200 Pharmacokinetics ................................................................................. 200 Skin Penetration Kinetics .................................................................... 200 Toxicology .............................................................................................. 201

Commercial Applications .............................................. 202 Activated Carbon Manufacturing ........................................................ 202 Agriculture ........................................................................................... 202 Fertilizer ..................................................................................... 202 Fungicide ..................................................................................... 213 Insecticide ..................................................................................... 213 Plant Growth Stimulant ................................................................. 213 Plant Protectant .............................................................................. 217 Sead Coating/Treatment ................................................................. 219 Soil Amendment .............................................................................. 219 Alumina Processing .............................................................................. 222 Ammonium Sulfate Manufacturing ..................................................... 222 Animal Feed Additive ........................................................................... 222 Aquaculture ..................................................................................... 224 Bactericide ............................................................................................ 224 Battery Manufacture ............................................................................ 224 Binder ................................................................................................ 224 Coal Briquetting .............................................................................. 224 Bioremediation ...................................................................................... 225 Brick Manufacturing ............................................................................ 226 Catalyst Component ............................................................................. 226 Cement/Concrete Mixture Additive ..................................................... 226 Ceramics Manufacturing ...................................................................... 227 Cleaning Agent ..................................................................................... 227 Coal Processing ..................................................................................... 227 Coal-Water Slurry Enhancer/Stabilizer .............................................. 227

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Coke Manufacturing ............................................................................. 228 Color Indicators .................................................................................... 228 Compost/Composting ............................................................................ 228 Copy Toner Additive ............................................................................. 228 Cosmetics Additive ............................................................................... 229 Cotton Manufacturing .......................................................................... 229 Culture Medium Additive ..................................................................... 229 Defoliating Agent Additive ................................................................... 229 Deodorizing Agent Additive ................................................................. 229 Deodorizing Agent, for Foods ............................................................... 230 Deodorizing Agent, for Gases ............................................................... 230 Dietary Supplement .............................................................................. 230 Disinfection ........................................................................................... 230 Drilling Mud Additive .......................................................................... 230 Dye Additive .......................................................................................... 231 Electrodes .............................................................................................. 232 Etching Processes ................................................................................. 232 Fly Ash Slurry Production .................................................................... 232 Food Products Additive ........................................................................ 233 Groundwater Remediation ................................................................... 233 HPLC Substrate..................................................................................... 233 Humidity Indicator ............................................................................... 233 Incontinence Pad Manufacturing ......................................................... 233 Ink Additive ........................................................................................... 233 Iron Ore Processing .............................................................................. 233 Liquid Developer Additive .................................................................... 234 Lubricant Additive ................................................................................ 234 Membrane Constituent ......................................................................... 234 Plastics Formulations ........................................................................... 234 Polyurethane Additive .......................................................................... 234 Radiation Decontamination ................................................................. 234 Radiation Protection ............................................................................. 234 Road Construction Materials ............................................................... 235 Scale/Corrosion Inhibitor ..................................................................... 235 Skin Disinfectant .................................................................................. 235 Soil Remediation ................................................................................... 236 Sulfur Oxides Removal ......................................................................... 237 Tanning Agents Additive ...................................................................... 237 Therapeutic Compress Fluid Additive ................................................. 237 Veterinary Medicine ............................................................................. 237

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Wastewater Treatment ......................................................................... 238 Water Purification ................................................................................ 240

Therapeutic Applications ............................................. 241 Anti-Cancer Agent ................................................................................ 242 Anti-Inflammatory Properties .............................................................. 242 Anti-Microbial Properties ..................................................................... 242 Anti-Neoplastic Materials .................................................................... 243 Anti-Viral Efficacy ................................................................................ 243 AIDS ................................................................................................. 243 Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses ............................................................ 243 Herpes Viruses ................................................................................ 244 Influenza ..................................................................................... 244 Respiratory Infections ..................................................................... 245 Rous Sarcoma .................................................................................. 245 Anti-Viral Mechanisms of Drug Action ............................................... 245 Immunostimulation .............................................................................. 245 Rheumatoid Disease ............................................................................. 245 Mud Baths ..................................................................................... 245 Skin Diseases ..................................................................................... 245 Wound Healing ..................................................................................... 246

Author Index ............................................................................... 247

HUMATE MATERIALS Natural and Synthetic:

Bibliography and References

Supplement IV

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Reviews and Monographs (2924) C. Largeau and E. Lichtfouse, Eds., Characterization and

Dynamics of Humic Substances: Proceedings of the Tenth International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society; Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science, 2002.

(2925) E. Tipping, Cation Binding by Humic Substances; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

(2926) M. Hofrichter and A. Steinbuchel, Eds., Biopolymers, Volume 1: Lignin, Humic Substances, and Coal; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2001.

(2927) J. A. Rice, Ed., Selected Papers from the Eleventh International Humic Substances Society Meeting; Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2004.

(2928) C. M. Marquardt, Ed., Investigations on the Complexation Behavior of Humic Acids and Their Influence on the Migration of Radioactive and Non-radioactive Substances Under Conditions Close to Nature; Karlsruhe, Germany: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 2004.

(2929) E. A. Ghabbour and G. Davies, Eds., Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference and Sixth Humic Substance Seminar; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004.

(2930) N. Fujitake. Imaging of chemical structures in humic substances. Nogyo oyobi Engei 2002, 77(3), 403-411.

(2931) S. Sardessai. Determination of marine humic substances and applications in pelagic ecology. Pelagic Ecol. Methodol. 2002, 411-423.

(2932) C. Li, X. Ma, and H. Yu. Development and use of Jixi (China) weathered coal humic acids. Huagong Shikan 2003, 17(4), 15-18.

(2933) A. Zsolnay. Dissolved organic matter: artifacts, definitions, and functions. Geoderma 2003, 113(3-4), 187-209.

(2934) R. Kloecking and B. Helbig. Medical aspects and applications of humic substances. In Biopolymers, Vol. 1: Lignin, Humic Substances, and Coal, M. Hofrichter and A. Steinbuechel, Eds.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2001; 379-392.

(2935) P. Fu, C. Liu, Y. Wan, and L. Yue. Review on effects of humic substances on heavy metal behavior in aquatic environments. Kuangwu Yanshi Diqiu Huaue Tongbao 2002, 21(4), 277-281.

(2936) H. G. Sanjay, A. Fataftah, and D. Walia. HUMASORB: a coal-derived humic acid-based heavy metal sorbent. In Environmental Separation of Heavy Metals, A. K. SenGupta, Ed.; Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis Publishers, 2002; 347-374.

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(2937) K. Schreckenbach, S. Heidrich, T. Meinelt, and C. E. W. Steinberg. Dissolved humic substances. Part 6. Humic substances in aquaculture and aquariums. Wasser Boden 2002, 54(5), 37-41.

(3332) C. Steelink. Investigating humic acids in soils. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(11), 326A-333A.

(2939) K. M. Elkins and D. J. Nelson. Spectroscopic approaches to the study of the interaction of aluminum with humic substances. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 228(2), 205-225.

(2940) C. Steinberg and R. Bruggemann. Dissolved humic substances. Part 7. Ecosystem relationships. Wasser Boden 2002, 54(6), 37-43.

(2941) E. Oguz. Occurrence of humic substances in aquatic environments and effects on humans. Ener. Educ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 91(1&2), 17-27.

(2942) R. E. Keepax, D. M. Jones, S. E. Pepper, and N. D. Bryan. The effects of humic substances on radioactivity in the environment. Radioact. Environ. 2002, 2(Interactions of Microorganisms with Radionuclides), 143-177.

(2943) K. Fischer, F. Liebner, R. Schiene, and H.-J. Katzur. N-modified lignin–highly valuable humus substitute and long-lasting fertilizer. Freib. Forschungs. A 2002, A866, 79-88.

(2944) I. D. Drozdnik, Yu. S. Kaftan, Yu. B. Dolzhanskaya, A. V. Orlov, and V. V. Cherkasov. Brown coals: trends in their use. Part 2. Koks Khim. 2002, (10), 4-12.

(2945) E. B. Kujawinski. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESQ FT-ICR MS): characterization of complex environmental mixtures. Environ. Forens. 2002, 3(3/4), 207-216.

(2946) A. Grabinska-Loniewska, M. Perchuc, and M. Zubrowska-Sudol. Humic substances in the environment–structure, physico-chemical properties, ecological role and biotransformation. Post. Mikrobiol. 2002, 41(3), 299-334.

(2947) T. Etelka. Interfacial and colloidal properties of humic substances. Mag. Kem. Foly. Kem. Kozlemen. 2002, 108(10), 435-443.

(2948) K. Tsutsui. Soil organic components. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(Bumonbetsu Shinpo Sosetsu Tokushugo), 609-614.

(2949) K. Yonebayashi. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances in Japan. 1. Results and problems of the humic substances research. . Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(5), 549-554.

(2950) I. Schepetkin, A. Khlebnikov, and B. S. Kwon. Medical drugs from humus matter: focus on mumie. Drug Devel. Res. 2002, 57(3), 140-159.

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(2951) E. Tobacz. Humic substances in environmental systems. Mag. Kemik. Lapja 2002, 57(8), 306-313.

(2952) A. Piccolo. The supramolecular structure of humic substances: a novel understanding of humus chemistry and implications in soil science. Adv. Agron. 2002, 75, 57-134.

(2953) A. Piccolo, P. Conte, A. Cozzolino, and R. Spaccini. The conformational structure of humic substances. In Handbook of Processes and Modeling in the Soil-Plant System, D. K. Benbi and N. Rolf, Eds.; Binghamton, New York: Haworth Press, 2003;83-120.

(2954) C. E. W. Steinberg, A. Paul, S. Pflugmacher, T. Meinelt, R. Kloecking, and C. Wiegand. Pure humic substances have the potential to act as xenobiotic chemicals–a review. Fresenius’ Environ. Bull. 2003, 12(5), 391-401.

(2955) Z. Y. Tao, Zh. J. Guo, and W. M. Dong. Use of ion exchange for the determination of stability constants of metal-humic substance complexes. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2003, 256(3), 575-580.

(2956) S. Nagao. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances in Japan. 4. Humic substances and their role in the environment. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2003, 74(3), 371-376.

(2957) E. Tipping. Modeling the binding of protons and metal ions by humic substances. CMS Workshop Lect. 2003, 12(Molecular Modeling of Clays and Mineral Surfaces), 195-229.

(2958) P. Schmitt-Kopplin and J. Junkers. Capillary zone electrophoresis of natural organic matter. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 998(1-2), 1-20.

(2959) H.-h. Wu, Q.-y. Zhang, P. Lu, L.-x. Zeng, and G.-p. He. Advances in the study of mineral-humus interactions in soils and waters. Yanshi Kuangwuxue Zazhi 2003, 22(4), 429-432.

(2960) M. Pekar and M. Klucakova. Alternative, non-energetic applications of lignite. CHEMagazin 2003, 13(1), 8-10.

(2961) J. A. Pascual, C. Garcia, T. Hernandez, J. L. Moreno, and M. Ros. The use of composts in the biological control of pests: an alternative to chemical pesticides. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Waste Management and the Environment, D. Almorza, Ed.; Southampton, United Kingdom: WIT Press, 2002; 223-230.

(2962) F. Alianiello. Isoelectric focusing in soil science. J. Separ. Sci. 2003, 26(5), 387-391.

(2963) C. E. W. Steinberg and D. M. McKnight. Dissolved humic substances. Part 12. Summary and epilogue. Wasser Boden 2003, 55(1/2), 77-80.

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(2964) N. Fujitake. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances in Japan. 3. Techniques for humic substances analysis and prospective techniques in the future. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2003, 74(2), 223-228.

(2965) E. Yu. Milanovskiim and E. V. Shein. Soil Structure. Priroda (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (3), 28-32.

(2966) M. Perchuc. Iron and humic acids in colored subsurface waters. Gaz Wod. Techn. Sanitar. 2003, 77(11), 394-397.

(2967) I. A. Schepetkin, A. I. Khlebnikov, S. Y. Ah, S. B. Woo, C.-S. Jeong, O. N. Klubachuk, and B. S. Kwon. Characterization and biological activities of humic substances from mumie. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(18), 5245-5254.

(2968) P. N. Linnik, T. A. Casil’chuk, and R. P. Linnik. Humic compounds of natural waters and their role in aquatic ecosystems (a review). Gidrobiol. Zh. 2004, 40(1), 81-107.

(2969) N. Hertkorn, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, J. Junkers, and A. Kettrup. Structural chemistry characteristics of natural organic materials and humic substances with NMR spectroscopy and CE/MS. GIT Labor-Fachzeit. 2004, 48(5), 487-491.

(2970) C. Zweiner and F. H. Frimmel. LC-MS analysis in the aquatic environment and in water treatment–a critical review. Part I: instrumentation and general aspects of analysis and detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378(4), 851-861.

(2971) C. Zweiner and F. H. Frimmel. LC-MS analysis in the aquatic environment and in water treatment–a critical review. Part II: applications for emerging contaminants and related pollutants, microorganisms and humic acids. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378(4), 862-874.

(2972) R. L. Cook. Coupling NMR to NOM. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378(6), 1484-1503.

(2973) D. Kim, I. G. Petrisor, and T. F. Yen. Geopolymerization of biopolymers: a preliminary inquiry. Carbohydr. Polym. 2004, 56(2), 213-217.

(2974) A. Imai. Characteristics and roles of humic substances in aquatic environments. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 76-81.

(2975) M. Fukushima. Functionalities of humic substances serving as carrier and pool of pollutants. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 82-85.

(2976) N. Fujita and S. Yamamoto. Analytical techniques and chemical properties for humic substances. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 86-91.

(2977) S. Nagao. Analysis of dissolved forms and characteristics of humic substances. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 92-95.

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(2978) G. Abbt-Braun, U. Lankes, and F. H. Frimmel. Structural characterization of aquatic humic substances. The need for a multiple method approach. Aquatic Sci. 2004, 66(2), 151-170.

(2979) M. Klavins, J. Sire, and L. Eglite. Humic substances and their potential use in agriculture. Review. Proc. Latv. Acad. Sci. Sect. B: Nat. Exact Appl. Sci. 2004, 58(2), 39-48.

(2980) C. J. Rhodes. Electron spin resonance (some applications for the biological and environmental sciences). Ann. Rep. Progr. Chem. Sect. C: Phys. Chem. 2004, 100, 149-193.

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Natural-Product Humic Acid (2931) S. Sardessai. Determination of marine humic substances and

applications in pelagic ecology. Pelagic Ecol. Methodol. 2002, 411-423.

(2932) C. Li, X. Ma, and H. Yu. Development and use of Jixi (China) weathered coal humic acids. Huagong Shikan 2003, 17(4), 15-18.

(2933) A. Zsolnay. Dissolved organic matter: artifacts, definitions, and functions. Geoderma 2003, 113(3-4), 187-209.

(2937) K. Schreckenbach, S. Heidrich, T. Meinelt, and C. E. W. Steinberg. Dissolved humic substances. Part 6. Humic substances in aquaculture and aquariums. Wasser Boden 2002, 54(5), 37-41.

(2940) C. Steinberg and R. Bruggemann. Dissolved humic substances. Part 7. Ecosystem relationships. Wasser Boden 2002, 54(6), 37-43.

(2941) E. Oguz. Occurrence of humic substances in aquatic environments and effects on humans. Ener. Educ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 91(1&2), 17-27.

(2944) I. D. Drozdnik, Yu. S. Kaftan, Yu. B. Dolzhanskaya, A. V. Orlov, and V. V. Cherkasov. Brown coals: trends in their use. Part 2. Koks Khim. 2002, (10), 4-12.

(2946) A. Grabinska-Loniewska, M. Perchuc, and M. Zubrowska-Sudol. Humic substances in the environment–structure, physico-chemical properties, ecological role and biotransformation. Post. Mikrobiol. 2002, 41(3), 299-334.

(2947) T. Etelka. Interfacial and colloidal properties of humic substances. Mag. Kem. Foly. Kem. Kozlemen. 2002, 108(10), 435-443.

(2948) K. Tsutsui. Soil organic components. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(Bumonbetsu Shinpo Sosetsu Tokushugo), 609-614.

(2949) K. Yonebayashi. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances in Japan. 1. Results and problems of the humic substances research. . Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(5), 549-554.

(2951) E. Tobacz. Humic substances in environmental systems. Mag. Kemik. Lapja 2002, 57(8), 306-313.

(2956) S. Nagao. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances in Japan. 4. Humic substances and their role in the environment. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2003, 74(3), 371-376.

(2963) C. E. W. Steinberg and D. M. McKnight. Dissolved humic substances. Part 12. Summary and epilogue. Wasser Boden 2003, 55(1/2), 77-80.

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(2965) E. Yu. Milanovskiim and E. V. Shein. Soil Structure. Priroda (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (3), 28-32.

(2966) M. Perchuc. Iron and humic acids in colored subsurface waters. Gaz Wod. Techn. Sanitar. 2003, 77(11), 394-397.

(2968) P. N. Linnik, T. A. Casil’chuk, and R. P. Linnik. Humic compounds of natural waters and their role in aquatic ecosystems (a review). Gidrobiol. Zh. 2004, 40(1), 81-107.

(2973) D. Kim, I. G. Petrisor, and T. F. Yen. Geopolymerization of biopolymers: a preliminary inquiry. Carbohydr. Polym. 2004, 56(2), 213-217.

(2974) A. Imai. Characteristics and roles of humic substances in aquatic environments. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 76-81.

(2975) M. Fukushima. Functionalities of humic substances serving as carrier and pool of pollutants. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 82-85.

(2977) S. Nagao. Analysis of dissolved forms and characteristics of humic substances. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 92-95.

(2981) Yu. A. Zavgorodnyaya, V. V. Demin, and A. V. Kurakov. Biochemical degradation of soil humic acids and fungal melanins. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 347-355.

(2982) F. C. Wu, R. D. Evans, and P. J. Dillon. Fractionation and characterization of fulvic acid by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 452(1), 85-93.

(2983) R. C. Willis. Digging in the dirt. Today’s Chem. Work 2002, 11(6), 33-34, 36-37.

(2984) O. Trubetskaya, O. Trubetskoj, G. Guyot, F. Andreux, and C. Richard. Fluorescence of soil humic acids and their fractions obtained by tandem exclusion chromatography-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 213-220.

(2985) C. Rumpel and I. Kogel-Knabner. The role of lignite in the carbon cycle of lignite-containing mine soils: evidence from carbon mineralisation and humic acid extractions. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 393-399.

(2986) M. A. Olivella, J. C. del Rio, J. Palacios, M. A. Vairavamurthy, and F. X. C. de las Heras. Characterization of humic acid from leonardite coal: an integrated study of PY-GC-MS, XPS and XANES techniques. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2002, 63(1), 59-68.

(2987) H. I. Petersen, J. A. Bojesen-Koefoed, and H. P. Nytoft. Source rock evaluation of middle jurassic coals, northeast Greenland, by artificial maturation: aspects of petroleum generation from coal. AAPG Bull. 2002, 86(2), 233-256.

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(2988) N. Maie, A. Watanabe, K. Hayamizu, and M. Kimura. Comparison of chemical characteristics of Type A humic acids extracted from subsoils of paddy fields and surface ando soils. Geoderma 2002, 106(1-2), 1-19.

(2989) M. Mecozzi, M. Amici, E. Pietrantonio, and G. Romanelli. An ultrasound assisted extraction of the available humic substance from marine sediments. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2002, 9(1), 11-18.

(2990) C. Liu and P. M. Huang. Role of hydroxy-aluminosilicate ions (proto-imogolite sol) in the formation of humic substances. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 295-305.

(2991) A. Demirbas. Humic acid derivatives (HAD) from low rank Turkish brown coals. Energ. Sources 2002, 24(2), 127-133.

(2992) P. K. Egeberg and S. O. Bergli. Fingerprinting of natural organic matter by capillary zone electrophoresis using organic modifiers and pattern recognition analysis. J. Chromatogr. A 2002, 950(1-2), 221-231.

(2993) I. Kogel-Knabner. The macromolecular organic composition of plant and microbial residues as inputs to soil organic matter. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2002, 34(2), 139-162.

(2994) E. B. Kujawinski, P. G. Hatcher, and M. A. Freitas. High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of humic and fulvic acids: improvements and comparisons. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(2), 413-419.

(2995) M. De Lourdes Pacheco and J. Havel. Capillary zone electrophoresis of humic acids from the American continent. Electrophoresis 2002, 23(2), 268-277.

(2996) M. Benedetti, J. F. Ranville, M. Ponthieu, and J. P. Pinheiro. Field-flow fractionation characterization and binding properties of particulate and colloidal organic matter from the Rio Amazon and Rio Negro. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 269-279.

(2997) C. Bayer, L. Martin-Neto, J. Mielniczuk, S. da C. Saab, D. M. P. Milori, and V. S. Bagnato. Tillage and cropping system effects on soil humic acid characteristics as determined by electron spin resonance and fluorescence spectroscopies. Geoderma 2002, 105(1-2), 81-92.

(2998) F. H. Abdullah and J. Connan. Geochemical study of some Cretaceous rocks from Kuwait: comparison with oils from Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(2), 125-148.

(2999) A. G. Zavarzina, V. V. Demin, T. I. Nifant’eva, V. M. Shkinev, T. V. Danilova, and B. Ya. Spivakov. Extraction of humic acids and their fractions in poly(ethylene glycol)-based aqueous biphasic systems. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 452(1), 95-103.

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(3000) M. Watanabe, T. Nozawa, M. Hosono, and K. Aoki. Properties and forming environment of humic acid Pg in the Shimosueyoshi buried humic layer at Oiso Hill, central Japan. Chigaku Zasshi 2002, 111(5), 626-639.

(3001) M. Thomsen, P. Lassen, S. Dobel, P. E. Hansen, L. Carlsen, and B. B. Mogensen. Characterization of humic materials of different origin: a multivariate approach for quantifying the latent properties of dissolved organic matter. Chemosphere 2002, 49(10), 1327-1337.

(3002) A. V. Liryushin, T. A. Sokolova, and G. I. Glebov. Organic matter contents and composition in fine granulometric fractions in podzolic and peaty-podzolic soils. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 17: Pochvoved. 2002, (3), 18-21.

(3003) A. Andracchio, C. Cavicchi, D. Tonelli, and S. Zappoli. A new approach for the fractionation of water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosols and cloud drops. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36(32), 5097-5107.

(3004) D. C. Olk, M. C. Dancel, E. Moscoso, R. R. Jimenez, and F. M. Dayrit. Accumulation of lignin residues in organic matter fractions of lowland rice soils: a pyrolysis-GC-MS study. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(9), 590-606.

(3005) D. M. B. P. Milori, L. Martin-Neto, C. Bayer, J. Mielniczuk, and V. S. Bagnato. Humification degree of soil humic acids determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(11), 739-749.

(3006) N. C. Thanasoulias, E. T. Piliouris, M.-S. Kotti, and N. P. Evmiridis. Application of multivariate chemometrics in forensic soil discrimination based on the UV-Vis spectrum of the acid fraction of humus. Forens. Sci. Int. 2002, 130(2-3), 73-82.

(3007) B. U. Suleimenov. Chemical composition of granulometric soil fractions. Izv. Minist. Obraz. Nauk. Resp. Kazakhstan, Nats. Akad. Nauk Resp. Kazakhstan, Ser. Biol. Medit. 2002, (5), 76-81.

(3008) E. Yu. Milanovskii and E. V. Shein. Involvement of amphiphilic components of humic substances in humus structure formation and soil genesis. Pochvovedenie 2002, (10), 1201-1213.

(3009) A. Gelencser, A. Hoffer, Z. Krivacsy, G. Kiss, A. Molnar and E. Meszaros. On the possible origin of humic matter in fine continental aerosol. J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres) 2002, +(D21), ICC2/1-ICC2/6.

(3010) M. Flis-Bujak and G. Zukowska. The characteristics of the properties of humic acids extracted from sewage sludge. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 2002, 35(2), 87-95.

(3011) G. Zukowska and M. Flis-Bujak. Properties of humic acids of light soil fertilized with sewage sludge. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 2002, 35(2), 37-43.

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(3012) A. Agnelli, L. Celi, G. Corti, A. Degl’Innocenti, and F. C. Ugolini. The changes with depth of humic and fulvic acids extracted from the fine earth and rock fragments of a forest soil. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(8), 524-538.

(3013) D. Pizzeghello, G. Nicolini, and S. Nardi. Hormone-like activities of humic substances in different forest ecosystems. New Phytol. 2002, 155(3), 393-402.

(3014) P. C. Hubbard, E. N. Barata, and A. V. M Canario. Possible disruption of pheromonal communication by humic acid in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Aquat. Toxicol. 2002, 60(3-4), 169-183.

(3015) J. Song, P. Peng, and W. Huang. Black carbon and kerogen in soils and sediments. 1. Quantification and characterization. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(18), 3960-3967.

(3016) N. L. Kurachenko and Yu. N. Trubnikov. Effect of fertilizers and ameliorants on the structural state of gray forest soils and the content of labile humic compounds. Agrokhimiya 2002, (5), 17-21.

(3017) D. D. Bilanovic and S. A. Spigarelli. Aging of bentonite: humic and bentonite, and fulvic colloidal systems. In Book of Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; COLL-044.

(3018) T. Komada, O. M. E. Schofield, and C. E. Reimers. Fluorescence characteristics of organic matter released from coastal sediments during resuspension. Mar. Chem. 2002, 79(2), 81-97.

(3019) V. D. Tikhova, M. M. Shakirov, V. P. Fadeeva, M. I. Dergacheva, L. V. Samutenko, and L. V. Fedorova. NMR study of structural changes in humic acids of meadow soddy soils. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh Prikl. Khim.) 2002, 75(5), 829-833.

(3020) M. A. Nanny and C. Kontas. Fluorescent spectroscopic analysis of humic and fulvic acid micelle-like structures with 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Prodan). In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-047.

(3021) W. Chen and P. K. Westerhoff. Fluorescence zone integration and its application to NOM fractions. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-048.

(3022) K. Stuttaford, J. Carey, and M. Alaee. Deconvolution of ESI-MS spectra of high molecular weight humic material from Canadian surface waters. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-035.

(3023) R. F. Christman. Humic molecular systems and analytical developments. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-029.

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(3024) J. A. Leenheer. Analysis of non-humic components of dissolved organic matter. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-030; in Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 482-487.

(3025) D. J. Repeta, T. M. Quan, L. I. Aluwihare, and A. M. Accardi. Chemical characterization of high molecular weight dissolved organic matter in fresh and marine waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66(6), 955-962.

(3026) J. A. Leenheer. Analysis of non-humic components of dissolved organic matter.

(3027) Y. Inoue, I. Akagi, Y. Nagatomo, and H. Takaki. Humus constituents of cumulative Andisol in Miyakonojo Basin, southern Kyushu. Pedorojisuto 2002, 46(2), 60-67.

(3028) M. T. Dell’Abate, A. Benedetti, A. Trinchera, and C. Dazzi. Humic substances along the profile of two Typic Haploxerert. Geoderma 2002, 107(3-4), 281-296.

(3029) P. Genevini, F. Adani, A. H. M. Veeken, and B. Scaglia. Evolution of humic acid-like and core-humic acid-like during high-rate composting of pig feces amended with wheat straw. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2002, 48(2), 135-141.

(3030) P. Genevini, F. Adani, A. H. M. Veeken, K. G. J. Nierop, B. Scaglia, and C. Dijkema. Qualitative modifications of humic acid-like and core-humic acid-like during high-rate composting of pig feces amended with wheat straw. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2002, 48(2), 143-150.

(3031) Y.-s. Yang, J.-f. Guo, Y.-l. Liu, R.-y. Lin, and G.-s. Chen. Composition and properties of soil humus in a mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum. J. Forest. Res. (English Edition) 2002, 13(1), 33-36.

(3032) Z. Li, L. Cheng, and X. Lin. Composition of humus in relation to soil fertility in red soil region. Turang (Nanjing) 2002, 34(1), 9-15.

(3033) G. Barancikova. Changes of humic acids structure on selected key monitoring localities of arable soils. Rostl. Vyrob. 2002, 48(1), 40-44.

(3034) S. A. Lolja, H. Haxhi, and D. J. Martin. Correlations in the properties of Albania coals. Fuel 2002, 81(9), 1095-1100.

(3035) S. Decesari, M. C. Facchini, E. Matta, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi, A. R. Chughtai, and D. M. Smith. Water soluble organic compounds formed by oxidation of soot. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36(11), 1827-1832.

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(3036) H. Matsubara, H. Ueda, M. Kinoshita, and K. Urano. Study for grouping method of organic substances in sediment. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2002, 25(2), 104-111.

(3037) M. Bosetto, P. Arfaioli, and O. L. Pantani. Study of the Maillard reaction products formed by glycine and D-glucose on different mineral substrates. Clay Miner. 2002, 37(1), 195-204.

(3038) M. G. Tanzybaev and E. V. Kallas. The humus composition of soils in lacustrine depressions of the Chulym-Enisei intermontane basin. Pochvovedenie 2002, (1), 59-67.

(3039) G. D. Chimitdorzhieva, D. B. Andreeva, and V. M. Korsunov. Humic acids of low peat and brown coal. Dokl. Biochem. Biophys. 2002, 384, 189-192.

(3040) M. Hofer, T. Scheper, and R. Dierstein. Posters. VIII.11. Proof of potential B-combatants in solid surface waters through separation of humic acid-toxin: speciation of humic acid-toxin complexes with SDS and subsequential RP-HPLC. Chem. Ingen. Techn. 2002, 74(5), 636.

(3041) S. Sachs, M. Bubner, K. Schmeide, G. R. Choppin, K. H. Heise, and G. Bernhard. Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic studies on chemically modified and unmodified synthetic and natural humic acids. Talanta 2002, 57(5), 999-1009.

(3042) S. Nagahora, H. Mikami, Y. Ishikawa, S. Igarashi, T. Fujita, K. Murata, and K. Sakata. Characterization of dissolved fulvic acid extracted from the stream water in Kushiro Bog. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2002, 25(4), 229-233.

(3043) A. Baran. Characterization of carex peat using extinction values of humic acids. Bioresource Technol. 2002, 85(1), 99-101.

(3044) L. Beyer, D. M. White, H.-P. Blume, M. Boelter, D. Kuhn, K. Pingpank, and B. Vogt. Refractory soil organic matter–formation, accumulation, translocation, and transformation. Ecol. Stud. 2002, 154(Geoecology of Antarctic Ice-Free Coastal Landscapes), 139-159.

(3045) G. Abbt-Braun and F. H. Frimmel. The relevance of reference materials–isolation and general characterization. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 1-38.

(3046) G. Gleixner, O. Kracht, H.-L. Schmidt, and E.-D. Schulze. Isotopic evidence for the origin and formation of refractory organic substances. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 146-162.

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(3047) P. A. S. Rivera, G. Brunetti, A. Polo, and N. Senesi. Comparative chemical and spectroscopic characterization of humic acids from sewage sludges and sludge-amended soils. Erratum. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(7), 493.

(3048) D. P. Dick, A. S. Mangrich, S. M. C. Menezes, and B. F. Pereira. Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of humic acids from two South Brazilian coals of different ranks. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2002, 13(2), 177-182.

(3049) P. A. Maurice, M. J. Pullin, S. E. Cabaniss, Q. Zhou, K. Namjesnik-Dejanovic, and G. R. Aiken. A comparison of surface water natural organic matter in raw filtered water samples, XAD, and reverse osmosis isolates. Water Res. 2002, 36(9), 2357-2371.

(3050) S. N. Khovanskaya. Composition and characteristics of humate “Plodorodie”. Agrokhim. Vestn. 2002, (1), 5.

(3051) C. D. Clark, J. Jimenez-Morais, G. Jones, E. Zanardi-Lamardo, C. A. Moore, and R. G. Zika. A time-resolved fluorescence study of dissolved organic matter in a riverine to marine transition zone. Mar. Chem. 2002, 78(2-30, 121-135.

(3052) S. Drushku and A. Malja. Sulfonation and oxidation of some Albanian coals for increasing the ion-exchange capacity. J. Environ. Protect. Ecol. 2002, 3(1), 175-179.

(3053) A.-M. Beer, H. E. Junginger, J. Lukanov, and P. Sagorchev. Evaluation of the permeation of peat substances through human skin in vitro. Int. J. Pharmaceut. 2003, 253, 169-175.

(3054) G. Liu, P. Yang, Z. Peng, G. Wang, and W. Zhang. Comparative study of the quality of some coals from the Zibo coal field. Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) 2003, 28(10), 969-978.

(3055) L. N. Ryabova. Geochemical evolution of soils developed on loess loamin in the holocene. Litasfera 2003, 19, 122-129.

(3056) N. Ya. Radkovets and N. I. Manzhar. Lithogenic features of the Lower Cretaceous strata of the black clays autochthone of the Pokuttya-Bukovina Carpathians, Ukraine. Geol. Geokhim. Goryuch. Kopal. 2003, (2), 76-84.

(3057) I. Kossova. Investigation of the paragenetic complex “peatland-lake” of Lake Seliger (Russia). Telma (Hannover, Germany) 2003, 33, 151-168.

(3058) J.-m. Zhou, J.-y. Dai, and G.-x. Pan. Characterization of dissolved organic matters in soil and its significance for environment. Nongye Huanjing Kexue Xuebao 2003, 22(6), 731-735.

(3059) Y.-H. Kim, S.-H. Lee, A. Imai, and K. Matsushige. Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in Lake Unmun. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2003, 26(12), 861-867.

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(3060) S.-h. Wang, Z. Li, B. Xia, G.-w. Chen, Y. Yan, J.-f. Yu, and Z.-y. Chen. Characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Jurassic Shemshak formation of Kashan area, Iran. Shiyou Shiyan Dizhi 2003, 25(6), 769-772.

(3061) V. Aranda, C. Oyonarte, and J. M. Martin-Garcia. Spectroscopic characterization of humic acids of the organo-mineral horizons of soils from three natural parks of southeast Spain. Agrochimica 2003, 47(5-6), 195-208.

(3062) A. Cappiello, E. De Simoni, C. Florucci, F. Mangani, P. Palma, H. Trufelli, S. Decesari, M. C. Facchini, and S. Fuzzi. Molecular characterization of the water-soluble organic compounds in fogwater by ESIMS/MS. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(7), 1229-1240.

(3063) M. K. Chertko and A. A. Karpichenko. Geochemical characteristic of secondary moraine landscapes of Belarus. Prirod. Res. 2003, (2), 84-91.

(3064) R. M. R. S. Mesquita, A. V. M. Canario, and E. Melo. Partition of fish pheromones between water and aggregates of humic acids. Consequences for sexual signaling. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(4), 742-746.

(3065) A. Demirbas. Characterization of humic substances from lignite samples. Energ. Sources 2003, 25(1), 23-32.

(3066) S. Kalaitzidis, S. Papazisimou, A. Giannouli, A. Bouzinos, and K. Christanis. Preliminary comparative analyses of two Greek leonardites. Fuel 2003, 82(7), 859-861.

(3067) P. Arfaioli, F. C. Ugolini, M. Bosetto, and G. Corti. Synthesis of humic-like substances under sterile and non-sterile conditions in presence of quartz and volcanic ash. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2003, 34(1&2), 285-298.

(3068) V. Reveille, L. Mansuy, E. Jarde, and E. Garnier-Sillam. Characterization of sewage sludge-derived organic matter: lipids and humic acids. Org. Geochem. 2003, 34(4), 615-627.

(3069) T. W.-M. Fan, R. M. Higashi, T. Cassel, P. Green, and A. Lane. Molecular indicators of soil humification and interaction with heavy metals. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-162.

(3070) S. Glatzel, K. Kalbitz, M. Dalva and T. Moore. Dissolved organic matter properties and their relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs. Geoderma 2003, 113(3-4), 397-411.

(3071) K. Ikeya and A. Watanabe. Direct expression of an index for the degree of humification of humic acids using organic carbon concentration. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2003, 49(1), 47-53.

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(3072) P. Tinoco, G. Almendros, and F. J. Gonzalez-Villa. Assessment of aromaticity indices in soil humic acids based on spectroscopic, pyrolytic, and wet chemical degradation data. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-074.

(3073) N. J. Mathers, Z.-H. Xu, and S. E. Boyd. Determination of soil nitrogen availability and humic acid composition as influenced by forest residue management using solid-state NMR and stable isotopes. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-057.

(3074) K. Schmidt-Rohr, J. Mao, and D. C. Olk. Characterization of soil organic matter in tropical rice soils by advanced solid-state NMR. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-058.

(3075) X. Q. Lu, N. Maie, J. V. Hanna, D. L. Childers, and R. Jaffe. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter in freshwater wetlands of the Florida Everglades. Water Res. 2003, 37(11), 2599-2606.

(3076) I. S. Yavmetdinov, E. V. Stepanova, V. P. Gavrilova, B. B. Lokshin, I. V. Perminova, and O. V. Koroleva. Isolation and characterization of humin-like substances produced by wood-degrading white rot fungi. Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. (Translation of Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol.) 2003, 39(3), 257-264.

(3077) D. P. Dick, J. H. Z. Santos, and E. M. Ferranti. Chemical characterization and infrared spectroscopy of soil organic matter from two southern Brazilian soils. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 2003, 27(1), 29-39.

(3078) B. Byambagar, D. F. Kushnarev, T. I. Fedorova, L. N. Novikova, Yu. N. Yakovieva, P. M. Ostrovskaya, A. G. Proidakov, and G. A. Kalabin. Relation of the fragmental composition of humic acids and their physiological activity. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (1), 83-90.

(3079) A. Eyring, M. Intenzo, and E. Peterkin. Natural organic matter in Philadelphia’s source waters: composition and reactivity with chlorine. In Proceedings of the 2003 Water Quality Technology Conference; American Water Works Association, 2003; 2019-2038.

(3080) A. Herrera, A. Correa, and A. Lozano de Yunda. Molecular size distributions of humic and fulvic acids extracted from Colombian andisoles. Rev. Colomb. Quim. 2003, 32(1), 29-43.

(3081) T.-H. Chen and J.-S. Chen. Composition and distribution of soil organic matter in coastal forests at Szehu and Houlong. Taiwan Linye Kexue 2003, 18(2), 159-162.

(3082) F. Li, A. Yuasa, H. Chiharada, and Y. Matsui. Polydisperse adsorbability composition of several natural and synthetic organic matrices. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2003, 265(2), 265-275.

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(3083) A. Georgakopoulos, A. Iordanidis, and V. Kapina. Study of low rank Greek coals with FTIR spectroscopy. Energ. Sources 2003, 25(10), 995-1005.

(3084) A. V. Savelieva and N. V. Yudina. Changes of the chemical composition of the bog plants in the process of peat formation. Khim. Rastitel. Syr. 2003, (3), 17-20.

(3085) T. E. Fedorova, D. V. Dudkin, A. V. Rokhin, L. A. Pershina, and V. A. Babkin. Analysis of the chemical composition of humic substances of sunflower seed shells processed under the oxidative ammonolysis at mechanical and chemical action by the quantitative 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Khim. Rastitel. Syr. 2003, (4), 25-29.

(3086) N. Senesi, V. D’Orazio, and G. Ricca. Humic acids in the first generation of EUROSOILS. Geoderma 2003, 116(3-4), 325-344.

(3087) Y. Wei, S. Steinberg, and S. Snyder. Characterization of humic substances in Lake Mead. In Book of Abstracts, 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-067; in Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(2), 715-720.

(3088) M. Klavins, V. Rodinov, and I. Druvietis. Aquatic chemistry and humic substances in bog lakes in Latvia. Boreal Environ. Res. 2003, 8(2), 113-123.

(3089) P. A. Campitelli, M. I. Velasco, and S. B. Ceppi. Charge development and acid-base characteristics of soil and compost humic acids. J. Chilean Chem. Soc. 2003, 48(3), 91-96.

(3090) F. J. Gonzalez-Villa and G. Almendros. Thermal transformation of soil organic matter by natural fires and laboratory-controlled heatings. In Natural and Laboratory-Simulated Thermal Geochemical Processes, R. Ikan, Ed.; Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2003; 153-200.

(3091) D. Gajdosova, K. Novotna, P. Prosek, and J. Havel. Separation and characterization of humic acids from Antarctica by capillary electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Inclusion complexes of humic acids with cyclodextrins. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 1014(1-2), 117-127.

(3092) M. N. Chan and C. K. Chan. Hygroscopic properties of two model humic-like substances and their mixtures with inorganics of atmospheric importance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(22), 5109-5115.

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(3093) J. L. Weishaar, G. R. Aiken, B. A. Bergamaschi, M. S. Fram, R. Fujii, and K. Mopper. Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(20), 4702-4708.

(3094) P. A. Gerin, M. J. Genet, A. J. Herbillon, and B. Delvaux. Surface analysis of soil material by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2003, 54(3), 589-603.

(3095) F. Claret, T. Schaefer, A. Bauer, and G. Buckau. Alkaline conversion of clay organic matter as a potential additional source for humic substances under high alkaline conditions. Wiss. Ber. Forschungs. Karlsruhe 2003, FZKA 6800, 215-222.

(3096) T. Manning, S. Strickland, A. Feldman, T. Umberger, D. Lovingood, M. Coulibay, J. Elder, and L. Noble. Infrared studies of Suwannee River humic substances: evidence of chlorination of humics in salt water. Florida Sci. 2003, 66(4), 253-266.

(3097) S. Kang, D. Amarasiriwardena, P. Veneman, and B. Xing. Characterization of ten sequentially extracted humic acids and a humin from a soil in Western Massachusetts. Soil Sci. 2003, 168(12), 880-887.

(3098) A. Conrad, M. Kontro, M. M. Keinaenen, A. Cadoret, P. Faure, L. Mansuy-Hualt, and J.-C. Block. Fatty acids of lipid fractions in extracellular polymeric substances of activated sludge flocs. Lipids 2003, 38(10), 1093-1105.

(3099) D. Prinz, W. Pyckhout-Hintzen, and R. Littke. Development of the meso- and macroporous structure of coals with rank as analysed with small angle neutron scattering and adsorption experiments. Fuel 2003 (Volume Date 2004), 83(4-5), 547-556.

(3100) B. Szpakowska. The origin of humic substances and their role in the aquatic environment. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 2003, 3(2), 165-172.

(3101) T. V. Podolskaya and A. S. Vladichenskiy. Chemical properties of soils of the birch forest belt of the southwestern region of the Khibiny Mountains. Vestn. Moskov. Univ. Ser. 17: Pochvoved. 2003, (3), 9-14.

(3102) M. Kerek, R. A. Drijber, and R. E. Gaussoin. Labile soil organic matter as a potential nitrogen source in golf greens. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2003, 35(12), 1643-1649.

(3103) P. Lochovsky. Occurrence and composition of humic substances in waters of the catchment area of the Flaje Reservoir. Vodohosp. Techn.-Ekon. Inform. 2003, 45(3), 3-7; Vodni Hospod. 2003, 53(10).

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(3104) J. Miyamoto, H. Sumida, M. Kawahigashi, S. Morita, and K. Yamamoto. Chemical and mineralogical properties of buried humic horizon of dolines in Tokunosima Island located in the Southwestern Islands. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2003, 74(6), 759-771.

(3105) A. Yu. Kudeyarova. Changes in the structure and properties of alkali-soluble humic substances in phosphorus-enriched gray forest soil. Biol. Bull. (Moscow, Russian Federation) (Translation of Izv. Rossiisk. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Biol.) 2003, 30(6), 633-643.

(3106) T. E. Fedorova, D. F. Kushnarev, N. B. Vashukevich, A. G. Proidakov, B. Byambagar, and G. A. Kalabin. 13C NMR spectroscopy of humic acids of different origin. Pochvovedenie 2003, (10), 1213-1217.

(3107) S. G. Gagarin and Yu. M. Korolev. Modeling of transformations of the phase composition of coals in the Earth’s interior. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (6), 6-19.

(3108) P. K. Pranzas, R. Willumeit, R. Gehrke, J. Thieme, and A. Knoechel. Characterization of structure and aggregation processes of aquatic humic substances using small-angle scattering and x-ray microscopy. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 376(5), 618-625.

(3109) E. Otero, R. Culp, J. E. Noakes, and R. E. Hodson. The distribution 13C of dissolved organic carbon and its humic fraction in estuaries of southeastern USA. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2003, 56(5-6), 1187-1194.

(3110) E. A. Egrinya, T. Honna, S. Yamamoto, T. Masuda, T. Endo, and M. Irshad. Changes in humic substances and phosphorus fractions during composting. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2003, 34(15&16), 2303-2314.

(3111) G. Liu, P. Yang, Z. Peng, and G. Wang. Comparative study of chemical composition of paragenetic sapropelic coal and humic coal from Zibo coalfield. Dizhi Diqui Huaxue 2003, 31(1), 23-27.

(3112) J. A. Bird, C. van Kessel, and W. R. Horwath. Stabilization of 13C-carbon and immobilization of 15N-nitrogen from rice straw in humic fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2003, 67(3), 806-816.

(3113) G. Almendros, D. Kgathi, M. Sekhwela, M.-C. Zancada, P. Tinoco, and M.-T. Pardo. Biogeochemical assessment of resilient humus formations from virgin and cultivated Northern Botswana soils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(15), 4321-4330.

(3114) M. M. Correa, J. C. Ker, E. S. Mendonca, H. A. Ruiz, and R. S. Bastos. Physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of soils from the meadow region of Sousa (PB). Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 2003, 27(2), 311-324.

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(3115) J. F. Lown, K. Gill, S. J. Cutler, H. G. Cutler, and ?S. H. Pollock. Anti-inflammatory humate compositions and methods of use thereof. US 2004/131,705 (July 8, 2004).

(3116) H. Matsubara, K. Kimura, and K. Urano. Study of organic substances in tideland sediments of Ariake Sea and Hakata Bay. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(5), 337-342.

(3117) J. J. Alberts, M. Takacs, and J. Schalles. Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectral evidence of natural organic matter (NOM) changes along an estuarine salinity gradient. Estuaries 2004, 27(2), 296-310.

(3118) E. A. Araujo, J. L. Lani, E. F. Amaral, and A. Guerra. Land use and physical and chemical properties of s distrophic yellow argisol in the Western Amazon Region. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 2004, 28(2), 307-315.

(3119) C. C. Cleveland, J. C. Neff, A. R. Townsend, and E. Hood. Composition, dynamics, and fate of leached dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems: results from a decomposition experiment. Ecosystems 2004, 7(3), 175-285.

(3120) I. Fernandez, A. Cabaneiro, and S. J. Gonzalez-Prieto. Use of 13C to monitor soil organic matter transformations caused by a simulated forest fire. Rap. Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 18(4), 435-442.

(3121) U. Canonico, R. Tocco, A. Ruggiero, and H. Suarez. Organic geochemistry and petrology of coals and carbonaceous shales from western Venezuela. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2004, 57(3-4), 151-165.

(3122) Z. H. Yang, B. R. Singh, and B. K. Sitaula. Soil organic carbon fractions under different land uses in Mardi Watershed of Nepal. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2004, 35(5&6), 615-629.

(3123) H. I. Petersen, H. P. Nytoft, and L. R. Nielsen. Characterisation of oil and potential source rocks in the northeastern Song Hong Basin, Vietnam: indications of a lacustrine-coal sourced petroleum system. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(4), 493-515.

(3124) E. A. Ghabbour, G. Davies, M. E. Goodwillie, K. O’Donaughy, and T. L. Smith. Thermodynamics of peat-, plant-, and soil-derived humic acid sorption on kaolinite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(12), 3338-3342.

(3125) A. Mendonca, A. C. Duarte, and E. B. H. Santos. Spectroscopic properties of sedimentary humic acids from a salt marsh (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal): comparison of sediments colonized by Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen and non-vegetated sediments. Biogeochemistry 2004, 69(2), 159-174.

(3126) M. Uebner, M. Treuman, A. Viitak, and M. Lopp. Properties of humic substances from the Baltic Sea and Lake Ermistu mud. J. Soils Sedim. 2004, 4(1), 24-29.

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(3127) J. R. Fulton, D. M. McKnight, C. M. Foreman, R. M. Cory, C. Stedmon, and E. Blunt. Changes in fulvic acid redox state through the oxycline of a permanently ice-covered Antarctic lake. Aquat. Sci. 2004, 66(1), 27-46.

(3128) S. Mazzuoli, S. Loiselle, V. Hull, L. Bracchini, and C. Rossi. The analysis of the seasonal, spatial, and compositional distribution of humic substances in a subtropical shallow lake. Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. 2004, 31(6), 461-468.

(3129) C.-M. Yang, M.-C. Wang, Y.-F. Lu, I.-F. Chang, and C.-H. Chou. Humic substances affect the activity of chlorophyllase. J. Chem. Ecol. 2004, 30(5), 1057-1065.

(3130) E. Smidt, E. Binner, and P. Lechner. Humic acid formation in composts–the role of microbial activity. In Proceedings of the 2004 European Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology (ESEB), W. Verstraete, Ed.; Lisse, the Netherlands: Balkema, 2004; 143-146.

(3131) L. P. Szabo. Characterization of alginite humic acid content. Desalination 2004, 163(1-3), 85-91.

(3132) J.-C. Yang, J.-H. Huang, Q.-M. Qing, and X.-G. Han. Spectroscopic characteristics of soil organic matter in different tropical ecosystems in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Zhiwu Shengtai Xuebao 2004, 28(5), 623-629.

(3133) H. Shindo, T. Honna, S. Yamamoto, and H. Honma. Contribution of charred plant fragments to soil organic carbon in Japanese volcanic ash soils containing black humic acids. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(3), 235-241.

(3134) S. Hiradate, T. Nakadai, H. Shindo, and T. Yoneyama. Carbon source of humic substances in some Japanese volcanic ash soils determined by carbon stable isotopic ratio, 13C. Geoderma 2004, 119(1-2), 133-141.

(3135) S. Aoki, Y. Fuse, and E. Yamada. Determinations of humic substances and other dissolved organic matter and their effects on the increase of COD in Lake Biwa. Anal. Sci. 2004, 20(1), 159-164.

(3136) M. Lado, A. Paz, and M. Ben-Hur. Organic matter and aggregate-size interactions in saturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2004, 68(1), 234-242.

(3137) K. Quenea, S. Derenne, C. Largeau, C. Rumpel, and A. Mariotti. Variation in lipid relative abundance and composition among different particle size fractions of a forest soil. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(11-12), 1355-1370.

(3138) R. G. Qualls. Biodegradability of humic substances and other fractions of decomposing leaf litter. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2004, 68(5), 1705-1712.

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(3139) Y. Lu and J. J. Pignatello. History-dependent sorption in humic acids and a lignite in the context of a polymer model for natural organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(22), 5853-5862.

(3140) X. Zhang and E. H. Ervin. Cytokinin-containing seaweed and humic acid extracts associated with creeping bentgrass leaf cytokinins and drought resistance. Crop Sci. 2004, 44(5), 1737-1745.

(3141) L’. Turcaniova, J. Kadarova, P. Imrich, T. Liptaj, J. Vidlar, J. Vasek, F. Foldyna, J. Sitek, and P. Balaz. Reactivity of mechanical activated coals for special utilization. J. Mater. Sci. 2004, 39(16-17), 5467-5470.

(3142) R. M. B. O. Duarte, C. A. Pio, and A. C. Duarte. Synchronous scan and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy of water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols. J. Atmos. Chem. 2004, 48(2), 157-171.

(3143) Kh. A. Iskhakov, M. M. Kolosova, G. G. Kotova, and V. L. Ignat’ev. Coals from the Kan-Achin basin as a source of humic acids. Vestn. Kuzbass. Gosudarstv. Tekhn. Univ. 2004, (4), 74-75.

(3144) S. Klose and F. Makeschin. Chemical properties of forest soils along a fly-ash deposition gradient in eastern Germany. Eur. J. Forest Res. 2004, 123(1), 3-11.

(3145) J. Feng and D. Moeller. Characterization of water-soluble macromolecular substances in cloud water. J. Atmos. Chem. 2004, 48(3), 217-233.

(3146) A. Yu. Kudeyarova. Conceptual approaches to studying the nature and transformation of humic substances in the soil. Agrokhimiya 2004, (8), 66-76.

(3147) L. Szajdak, I. Zyczynska-Baloniak, T. Meysner, and A. Blecharczyk. Bound amino acids in humic acids from arable cropping systems. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2004, 167(5), 562-567.

(3148) L. Boruvka and O. Drabek. Heavy metal distribution between fractions of humic substances in heavily polluted soils. Plant Soil Environ. 2004, 50(8), 339-345.

(3149) E. R. Carrascal-Miranda and I. Suarez-Ruiz. Short description of the Peruvian coal basins. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2004, 58(1-2), 107-117.

(4146) V. P. Shipov, V. A. Trofimov, A. I. Popov, E. S. Pigarev, and V. N. Ivanov. Method for obtaining humic substances from sludges of municipal and/or industrial wastewater. RU 2,205,158 (January 9, 2002).

(4150) S. Kim and K.-M. Lee. Determination and characteristic interpretation of color-causing materials in the coke plant wastewater. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. (Seoul, Republic of Korea) 2004, 10(1), 52-59.

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Isolation and Preparation Procedures

(2938) C. Steelink. Investigating humic acids in soils. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(11), 326A-333A.



(2985) C. Rumpel and I. Kogel-Knabner. The role of lignite in the carbon cycle of lignite-containing mine soils: evidence from carbon mineralisation and humic acid extractions. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 393-399.


(2989) M. Mecozzi, M. Amici, E. Pietrantonio, and G. Romanelli. An ultrasound assisted extraction of the available humic substance from marine sediments. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2002, 9(1), 11-18.


(2999) A. G. Zavarzina, V. V. Demin, T. I. Nifant’eva, V. M. Shkinev, T. V. Danilova, and B. Ya. Spivakov. Extraction of humic acids and their fractions in poly(ethylene glycol)-based aqueous biphasic systems. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 452(1), 95-103.



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(3042) S. Nagahora, H. Mikami, Y. Ishikawa, S. Igarashi, T. Fujita, K. Murata, and K. Sakata. Characterization of dissolved fulvic acid extracted from the stream water in Kushiro Bog. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2002, 25(4), 229-233.



(3049) P. A. Maurice, M. J. Pullin, S. E. Cabaniss, Q. Zhou, K. Namjesnik-Dejanovic, and G. R. Aiken. A comparison of surface water natural organic matter in raw filtered water samples, XAD, and reverse osmosis isolates. Water Res. 2002, 36(9), 2357-2371.






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(3140) X. Zhang and E. H. Ervin. Cytokinin-containing seaweed and humic acid extracts associated with creeping bentgrass leaf cytokinins and drought resistance. Crop Sci. 2004, 44(5), 1737-1745.




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(3150) J. Hamilton-Taylor, A. S. Postill, E. Tipping, and M. P. Harper. Laboratory measurements and modeling of metal-humic interactions under estuarine conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66(3), 403-415.

(3151) D. Tian, D. Tian. Study of the humic acid extracted from the peat in Hongyuan No. 1 bog. Sichuan Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban 2002, 39(5), 913-917.

(3152) H. Cordovil da Silva, R. L. Serudo, E. Junior, and O. P. Liborio. Complexation of metal ions in aquatic humic fractions of different molecular sizes extracted from Rio Negro River samples–Amazonas State. Anais Assoc. Bras. Quim. 2002, 51(4), 136-138.

(3153) A.-M. Beer, P. Sagorchev, and J. Lukanov. Isolation of biologically active fractions from the water soluble components of fulvic and ulmic acids from peat. Phytomedicine 2002, 9(7), 659-666.

(3154) P. A. S. Rovira, G. Brunetti, A. Polo, and N. Senesi. Comparative chemical and spectroscopic characterization of humic acids from sewage sludges and sludge-amended soils. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(4), 235-245.

(3155) V. A. Chernikov, V. A. Konchits, and S. L. Ignat’eva. Thermogravimetric characteristics of humic acids in sod-podzolic soil after minimal rototilling and three-depth plowing and application of different fertilization systems. Izv. Timiryaz. Sel’skokhoz. Akad. 2002, (1), 125-138.

(3156) T. Myllykangas, T. K. Nissinen, P. Rantakokko, P. J. Martikainen, and T. Vartiainen. Molecular size fractions of treated aquatic humus. Water Res. 2002, 36(12), 3045-3053.

(3157) M. Mecozzi, M. Amici, G. Romanelli, E. Pietrantonio, and A. Deluca. Ultrasound extraction and thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis of the lipid fraction in marine mucilage samples. J. Chromatogr. A 2002, 963(1-2), 363-373.

(3158) B. Chefetz, J. Tarchitzky, A. P. Deshmukh, P. G. Hatcher, and Y. Chen. Structural characterization of soil organic matter and humic acids in particle-size fractions of an agricultural soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2002, 66(1), 129-141.

(3159) G. Certini, G. Corti, and M. J. F. Sanjurjo. Comparison of two soil organic matter extractants and determination of the “Walkley-Black” correction factors for organic fractions from a volcanic soil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2002, 33(5&6), 685-693.

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(3160) M. J. Yu, Y. H. Kim, I. Han, and H. C. Kim. Ozonation of Han River humic substances. Water Sci Technol. 2002, 46(11-12, Water Quality and Environmental Management in Asia), 21-26.

(3161) M. Negre, D. Vindrola, S. Spera, L. Ferraris, and M. Gennari. Effect of the chemical composition of soil humic acids on their viscosity, surface pressure, and morphology. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(10), 636-651.

(3162) J. Peuravuori, T. Lehtonen, and K. Pihlaja. Sorption of aquatic humic matter by DAX-8 and XAD-8 resins. Comparative study using pyrolysis gas chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 471(2), 219-226.

(3163) M. Klucakova, M. Kalab, M. Pekar, and L. Lapcik. Study of structure and properties of humic and fulvic acids. II. Study of adsorption of Cu2+ ions to humic acids extracted from lignite. J. Polym. Mater. 2002, 19(3), 287-294.

(3164) G. M. Greenway and Q. J. Song. An ultrasound accelerated sequential extraction method and its application for element partitioning studies in compost from mixed waste streams. J. Environ. Monit. 2002, 4(6), 950-955.

(3165) N. Zh. Gizatulina, G. O. Nurgalieva, A. M. Oshakbaeva, G. T. Omarova, and U. Zh. Dzhusipbekov. IR-spectroscopic study of humic substances extracted from Oi-Karagai lignites. Izv. Minist. Obraz. Nauk. Resp. Kazakhstan Nats. Akad Nauk Resp. Kazakhstan Ser. Khim. 2002, (5), 44-46.

(3166) P. Yamada, K. Asou, Y. Yazawa, and T. Yamaguchi. Plant physiological activities by humic acid and fulvic acid extracted from peat and weathered coal. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(6), 777-781.

(3167) A. Watanabe. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances in Japan. 2. Extraction and fractionation of humic substances. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(6), 797-802.

(3168) Ts. Goliadze, G. Makharadze, G. Supatashvili, and A. Khaiauri. Study of acid-base properties of humin acids isolated from natural waters using chemisorption and potentiometric methods. Bull. Georgian Acad. Sci. 2002, 166(2), 276-279.

(3169) A. dos Santos, M. O. de O. Rezende, A. H. Rosa, L. F. Zara, and J. C. Rocha. Distribution of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb in different molecular size of humic fractions extracted from water and sediment samples collected at Anhumas Reservoir. Eclet. Quim. 2002, 27, 139-153.

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(3170) B. B. M. Sadi, K. Wrobel, K. Wrobel, S. S. Kannamkumarath, J. R. Castillo, and J. A. Caruso. SEC-ICP-MS studies for elements binding to different molecular weight fractions of humic substances in compost extract obtained from urban solid waste. J. Environ. Monit. 2002, 4(6), 1010-1016.

(3171) L. Li, R. Yong, G. Sheng, J. Fu, P. Peng, and W. Huang. Molecular structure characterization of humic acids progressively extracted from a peat soil. Fenxi Huaxue 2002, 30(11), 1303-1307.

(3172) D. Zhambal. Relation of the aggregation threshold of humic acids of Mongolian brown coals to their structural characteristics. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2002, (5), 92-94.

(3173) N. V. Yudina, A. V. Zvereva, and O. I. Lomovskii. Mechanochemical transformations in peats of various types. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2002, (5), 3-10.

(3174) K. K. Gusev. Sodium humate production with peat and sodium hydroxide. RU 2,191,798 (October 27, 2002).

(3175) M.-H. Charest. Bleached paper residues: compost and humic substances. Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2003, 63(11), 5044.

(3176) H. Wang, M. Yang, P. Ning, and Y. Chen. Study on mechanism and thermodynamics of methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution by humic acid. Huaxue Yanjiu Yu Yingyong 2002, 14(4), 449-451.

(3177) L. V. Polovinkin, V. I. Talapin, M. I. Aptseshko, N. I. Marusich, V. V. Shevlyakov, T. A. Stel’makh, T. I. Kostousova, and S. N. Ezheleva. Hydrohumate. Toksikol. Vestn. 2002, (3), 40-41.

(3188) F. Czechowski, M. Stolarski, and B. R. T. Simoneit. Supercritical fluid extracts from brown coal lithotypes and their group components–molecular composition of non-polar compounds. Fuel 2002, 81(15), 1933-1944.

(3189) S. Mir, Y. Z. Abbasi, and R. R. Khan. Plant growth stimulation by lignite humic acids. Part-I. Effect of ammonium humate on the growth of wheat. Pakistan J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2002, 45(3), 157-160.

(3190) T. Ertunc, N. Hartlieb, A. Bems, W. Klein, and A. Schaeffer. Investigations on the binding mechanism of the herbicide simazine to dissolved organic matter in leachates of compost. Chemosphere 2002, 49(6), 597-604.

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(3191) J. Peuravuori, R. Koivikko, and K. Pihlaja. Characterization, differentiation and classification of aquatic humic matter separated with different sorbents: synchronous scanning fluorescence spectroscopy. Water Res. 2002, 36(18), 4552-4562.

(3192) B. V. Levinskii and S. M. Kurchenko. Method and apparatus for concentrating humic acid salt solutions. RU 2,179,163 (February 10, 2002).

(3193) K.-H. Kang, H. S. Shin, and H. Park. Characterization of humic substances present in landfill leachates with different landfill ages and its implications. Water Res. 2002, 36(16), 4023-4032.

(3194) M. Yang, H. Wang, P. Ning, and Y. Dai. Extracting of humic acid from swampy soil by dilute base. Huaxue Shijie 2002, 43(7), 351-353.

(3195) M. Aoyama. Characterization of water-soluble organic matter in soils by size exclusion chromatography and fractionation with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2002, 48(4), 475-481.

(3196) J.-P. Aguer, C. Richard, O. Trubetskaya, O. Trubetskoj, J. Leveque, and F. Andreux. Photoinductive efficiency of soil extracted humic and fulvic acids. Chemosphere 2002, 49(3), 259-262.

(3197) A. Naidja, P. M. Huang, D. W. Anderson, and C. Van Kessel. Fourier transform infrared, UV-visible, and X-ray diffraction analyses of organic matter in humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid fractions in soil exposed to elevated CO2 and N fertilization. Appl. Spectrosc. 2002, 56(3), 318-324.

(3198) V. A. Trofimov, A. I. Popov, V. P. Shipov, E. S. Pigarev, N. E. Nikolayenkova, S. I. Gorshkov, and E. I. Fedoros. Method of exuding humic substances from natural raw materials. WO 2002/024,611 (March 28, 2002).

(3199) P. Yamada, T. Akiba, Y. Yazawa, and T. Yamaguchi. Characteristics of humic and fulvic acids extracted from weathered coal of China. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 2002, (3), 351-357.

(3200) M. E. Botes, J. Dekker, and C. E. J. van Resnburg. Phase I trial with oral oxihumate in HIV-infected patients. Drug Devel. Res. 2002, 57, 34-39.

(3201) V. A. Trofimov, V. P. Shipov, A. I. Popov, E. S. Pigarev, and V. N. Ivanov. Antineoplastics based on potassium tetrachloroplatinite and humic substances. WO 2002/024,610 (March 28, 2002).

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(3202) A. P. Wolfe, S. S. Kaushal, J. R. Fulton, and D. M. McKnight. Spectrofluorescence of sediment humic substances and historical changes of lacustrine organic matter provenance in response to atmospheric nutrient enrichment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(15), 3217-3223.

(3203) Y. Laor and Y. Avnimelech. Fractionation of compost-derived dissolved organic matter by flocculation process. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 257-263.

(3204) P. Leone, M. Negre, M. Gennari, V. Boero, R. Celis, and J. Cornejo. Adsorption of imidazolinone herbicides on smectite-humic acid and smectite ferrihydrite associations. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50(2), 291-298.

(3205) M. Jerzykiewicz, A. Jezierski, F. Czechowski, and J. Drozd. Influence of metal ions binding on free radical concentration in humic acids. A quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance study. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 265-268.

(3206) D. Xu, K. Feng, F. Wu, and N.-s. Deng. Spectroscopy characterization of humic acids from the sediments in natural waters. Fenxi Kexue Xuebao 2003, 19(6), 499-502.

(3207) E. Perfue and J. Ritchie. The average chemical properties of dissolved organic matter in freshwaters. In Book of Abstracts, 55th ACS Southeast Regional Meeting; Atlanta, Georgia: American Chemical Society, 2003; 366.

(3208) A.-M. Beer, H. E. Junginger, J. Lukanov, and P. Sagorchev. Evaluation of the permeation of peat substances through human skin in vitro. Int. J. Pharm. 2003, 253(1-2), 169-175.

(3209) H. Martyniuk and J. Wieckowska. Adsorption of metal ions on humic acids extracted from brown coals. Fuel Proc. Technol. 2003, 84(1-3), 23-36.

(3210) J. A. Gonzalez, F. J. Gonzalez-Villa, G. Almendros, M. C. Zancada, O. Polvillo, and F. Martin. Preferential accumulation of selectively preserved bio-macromolecules in the humus fractions from a peat deposit as seen by analytical pyrolysis and spectroscopic techniques. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2003, 68-69, 287-298.

(3211) M. J. Iglesias, J. C. del Rio, F. Laggoun-Defarge, M. J. Cuesta, and I. Suarez-Ruiz. Chemical-structural characterization of solvent and thermal extractable material from perhydrous vitrinites. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2003, 68-69, 387-407.

(3212) F. C. Wu, R. D. Evans, and P. J. Dillon. Separation and characterization of NOM by high-performance liquid chromatography and on-line three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence detection. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(16), 3687-3693.

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(3213) S. Itoh, T. Hayasaka, and T. Okada. Concentration of humic substances in Lake Biwa water and its chlorinated water by fluorescence analysis. Yosui to Haisui 2003, 45(6), 520-524.

(3214) F. D. Oeste. Procedure for determination of concentration of substances in water bodies. DE 10,210,251 (July 31, 2003).

(3215) G. Kiss, E. Tombacz, B. Varga, T. Alsberg, and L. Persson. Estimation of the average molecular weight of humic-like substances isolated from fine atmospheric aerosol. Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37(27), 3783-3794.

(3216) B. Nair and R. von Wandruska. Characteristics of humic acids isolated from the sediments of Lake Coeur d’Alene. In Book of Abstracts, 58th ACS Northwest Regional Meeting; Bozeman, Montana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 3.

(3217) N. Fujitake, A. Kusumoto, Y. Yanagi, T. Suzuki, and H. Otsuka. Properties of soil humic substances in fractions obtained by sequential extraction with pyrophosphate solutions at different pHs. III. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra of humic acids. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2003, 49(3), 347-353.

(3218) O. A. Gladkov, R. B. Poloskin, Y. J. Polyakov, I. V. Sokolova, N. I. Sorokin, and A. V. Glebov. Production of humic acid salts by oxidative hydrolysis of lignin or lignosulfonate. WO 2003/051,962 (June 26, 2003).

(3219) A. Anaya Olvera. Method of obtaining a concentrated humic extract from organic and inorganic sources. WO 2003/052,028.

(3220) X. Wang, H. Geng, L. Li, and W. Guan. Complexation of humic acid formed by organic materials with Fe2+. Turang Tongbao 2003, 34(2), 90-92.

(3221) A. Grzelakowska and A. Christy. Characteristics of humic acids extracted from soils by the capillary electrophoresis. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 2003, 36(2), 145-152.

(3222) L. Shi, Z. Ma, L. Song, J. Du, and Z. Shi. Method for producing humic acid. CN 1,412,223 (April 23, 2003).

(3223) J. Kucerik, P. Conte, M. Pekar, and A. Piccolo. Conformational behavior of lignite humic fractions separated by sequential pH-extractions. Fresenius’ Environ. Bull. 2003, 12(7), 683-689.

(3224) N. Q. Arancon, S. Lee, C. A. Edwards, and R. Atiyeh. Effects of humic acids derived from cattle, food and paper-waste vermicomposts on growth of greenhouse plants. Pedobiologia 2003, 47(5-6), 741-744.

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(3225) D.-G. Huang, T. Murakata, T. Higuchi, and S. Sato. Application of humic acid extracted from low rank coal as a CWM dispersing agent. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 2003, 29(1), 33-38.

(3226) V. V. Maryganova and N. N. Bambalov. Effect of the type of extractant on the structure of humic acids recovered from peat. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (1), 3-10.

(3227) J. C. A. de Wuilloud, R. G. Wuilloud, B. B. M. Sadi, and J. A. Caruso. Trace humic and fulvic acid determination in natural water by cloud point extraction/preconcentration using non-ionic and cationic surfactants with FI-UV detection. Analyst (Cambridge, United Kingdom) 2003, 128(5), 453-458.

(3228) G. A. Solodov, M. S. Ismagilov, A. N. Zaostrovskii, A. B. Papin, and T. A. Papina. Installation for enhancement of the yield of humic substances from coals. Vestn. Kuzbass. Gosudarstv. Tekhn. Univ. 2003, (3), 84-86.

(3229) T. P. Zhilakova and L. V. Kasimova. Effect of peat-chemical properties on alkaline-extract content. Khim. Rastitel. Syr. 2003, (3), 35-39.

(3230) Y. Lu and J. J. Pignatello. Comparison of nonideal sorption behaviors and the “conditioning effect” in two humic acids and a lignite. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(2), 980-985.

(3221a) T. J. Whelan, G. S. K. Kannangara, and M. A. Wilson. Increased resolution in high-performance liquid chromatograph spectra of high-molecular-weight organic components of Bayer liquors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42(26), 6673-6681.

(3222a) F. Claret, T. Schafer, A. Bauer, and G. Buckau. Generation of humic and fulvic acid from Callovo-Oxfordian clay under high alkaline conditions. Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 317(1-3), 189-200.

(3223a) P. Conte, R. Spaccini, M. Chiarella, and A. Piccolo. Chemical properties of humic substances in soils of an Italian volcanic system. Geoderma 2003, 117(3-4), 243-250.

(3224a) Y.-L. He and D.-Q. Liu. Raising productivity of fulvic acid from peat via oxido-degradation with nitric acid. Yingyong Huaxue 2003, 20(12), 1220-1221.

(3225a) A. I. Shul’gin. Method of production of humic mineral concentrate and device for its production. RU 2,218,315 (December 10, 2003).

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(3226a) N. B. Ve, D. C. Olk, and K. G. Cassman. Characterization of humic acid fractions improves estimates of nitrogen mineralization kinetics for lowland rice soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2004, 68(4), 1266-1277.

(3227a) T. Shinozuka, A. Ito, T. Yamaguchi, and Y. Sugimoto. Characteristic of fulvic acid by the decomposition of weathered coal in hot compressed water. J. Jpn. Inst. Energ. 2004, 83(7), 500-506.

(3228a) A. Moreda-Pineiro, A. Bermejo-Barrera, and P. Bermejo-Barrera. New trends involving the use of ultrasound energy for the extraction of humic substances from marine sediments. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 524(1-2), 97-107.

(3229a) L. Li, R. Yong, J.-m. Fu, G.-y. Sheng, and P.-a. Peng. Structural compositions of humic acids fractionated by tangential flow filtration. Diqiu Huaxue 2004, 33(4), 387-394.

(3230a) Y. Lu and J. J. Pignatello. Comparison of nonideal sorption behaviors and the “conditioning effect” in two humic acids and a lignite. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(2), 980-985.

(3231) J.-P. Croue. Isolation of humic and non-humic NOM fractions: structural characterization. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2004, 92(1-3), 193-207.

(3232) G. K. Joone and C. E. J. van Rensburg. An in vitro investigation of the anti-inflammatory properties of potassium humate. Inflammation (Dordrecht, the Netherlands) 2004, 28(3), 169-174.

(3233) G. Chilom and J. A. Rice. Crystalline components in the lipid fraction of natural organic matter. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(2), 165-168.

(3234) I. D. Komissarov, I. V. Grekhova, M. Yu. Mikheev, A. I. Gordeeva, I. N. Strel’tsova, and V. A. Ustupalova. Method for preparation of humic acid biostimulating agent. RU 2,228,921 (May 20, 2004).

(3235) J.-J. Su. Application and principles of environmental biotechnology for livestock wastewater treatment. Zhongua Nongxue Huibao 2004, 5(2), 196-210.

(3236) L. Li, Z. Zhao, W. Huang, P. Peng, G. Sheng, and J. Fu. Characterization of humic acids fractionated by ultrafiltration. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(9), 1025-1037.

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(3237) M. Minami, H. Muto, and T. Nakamura. Chemical techniques to extract organic fractions from fossil bones for accurate dating. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 2004, 223-224, 302-307.

(3238) N. L. Lavrik, A. M. Sagdiev, and M. I. Dergacheva. Study of the structural features of humic acids separated from soil in the limits of the A horizon by the methods of fluorescence and electron absorption. Khim. Interesakh Ustoich. Razvit. 2004, 12(4), 451-457.

(3239) V. I. Filon. The study of humic substances subjected to the direct impact of mineral fertilizers. Agrokhimiya 2004, (8), 61-65.

(3240) M. Terashima, M. Fukushima, and S. Tanaka. Influence of pH on the surface activity of humic acid: micelle-like aggregate formation and interfacial adsorption. Colloids Surf. A 2004, 247(1-3), 77-83.

(3241) J. L. Newcomb and R. A. Newcomb. Humate production. US 2004/209,320 (October 21, 2004).

(3242) L. T. Shirshova, T. E. Khomutova, and A. M. Ermolaev. Study of humic substances in soil by fluorescence spectroscopy. Agrokhimiya 2004, (4), 78-85.

(3243) S. Yasui, K. Tsutsuki, N. Akashi, and Y. Kimura. Chemical characteristics of humic and fulvic acids extracted from anaerobically digested slurries of cow manure. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2004, 75(3), 347-354.

(3244) D. G. Lumsdon. Partitioning of organic carbon, aluminium and cadmium between solid and solution in soils: application of a mineral-humic particle additivity model. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2004, 55(2), 271-285.

(3245) C. R. Budziak, C. M. B. F. Maia, and A. S. Mangrich. Chemical transformations of organic matter during the composting of wood industry wastes (residues). Quim. Nova 2004, 27(3), 399-403.

(3246) B. C. Qi, C. Aldrich, and L. Lorenzen. Effect of ultrasonication on the humic acids extracted from lignocellulose substrate decomposed by anaerobic digestion. Chem. Eng. J. (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 2004, 98(1-2), 153-163.

(3247) J. Kucerik, J. Kovar, and M. Pekar. Thermoanalytical investigation of lignite humic acids fractions. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2004, 76(1), 55-65.

(3248) A. A. Halim, M. Ibrahim, and S. Mahdy. Humic acid copolymer additives as new stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride. Int. J. Chem. 2004, 14(1), 59-65.

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(3249) K. Schmidt-Rohr, J.-D. Mao, and D. C. Olk. Nitrogen-bonded aromatics in soil organic matter and their implications for a yield decline in intensive rice cropping. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101(17), 6351-6354.

(3250) J. M. Garcia-Mina, M. C. Antolin, and M. Sanchez-Diaz. Metal-humic complexes and plant micronutrient uptake: a study based on different plant species cultivated in diverse soil types. Plant Soil 2004, 258(1-2), 57-68.

(3251) T. Shinozuka and T. Yamaguchi. Reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of fulvic acid derived from weathered coal by a hot compressed water and ozone oxidation treatment. Chiba Kogyo Daigaku Kenkyu Hokoku, Riko-hen 2004, 51, 85-91.

(3252) T. Shinozuka, M. Shibata, and T. Yamaguchi. Molecular weight characterization of humic substances by MALDI-TOF-MS. J. Mass Spectrom. Soc. Jpn. 2004, 52(1), 29-32.

(3253) S. Yasui, K. Tsutsuki, N. Akashi, and Y. Kimura. Chemical characteristics of organic matter contained in the anaerobically digested slurry of dairy cow manure in comparison to untreated slurry and aerated slurry. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2004, 75(3), 321-327.

(3254) M. Kurkova, Z. Klika, C. Klikova, and J. Havel. Humic acids from oxidized coals. I. Elemental composition, titration curves, heavy metals in HA samples, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of HAs and infrared spectroscopy. Chemosphere 2004, 54(8), 1237-1245.

(3353) L. Li, Z.-q. Yu, G.-y. Sheng, J.-m. Fu, P.-a. Peng, and W.-l. Huang. Effect of humic acid molecular structure on the sorption of phenanthrene. Huanjing Huaxue 2004, 23(4), 381-386.

(3389) H. Yabuta, M. Fukushima, F. Tanaka, H. Ichikawa, and K. Tatsumi. Solid-phase microextraction for the evaluation of partition coefficients of a chlorinated dioxin and hexachlorobenzene into humic substances. Anal. Sci. 2004, 20(5), 787-791.

(3402) J. A. Ferreira, L. Martin-Neto, C. M. P. Vaz, and J. B. Regitano. Sorption interactions between imazaquin and a humic acid extracted from a typical Brazilian oxisol. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(5), 1665-1670.


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Synthetic Humic Acid


(3067) P. Arfaioli, F. C. Ugolini, M. Bosetto, and G. Corti. Synthesis of humic-like substances under sterile and non-sterile conditions in presence of quartz and volcanic ash. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2003, 34(1&2), 285-298.

(3218) O. A. Gladkov, R. B. Poloskin, Y. J. Polyakov, I. V. Sokolova, N. I. Sorokin, and A. V. Glebov. Production of humic acid salts by oxidative hydrolysis of lignin or lignosulfonate. WO 2003/051,962 (June 26, 2003).


(3255) V. A. Trofimov, V. P. Shipov, E. S. Pigarev, A. I. Popov, V. N. Ivanov, and G. S. Shitikova. Method for producing an antiviral agent. WO 2001/097,750 (December 27, 2001).

(3256) M. E. Botes, J. Dekker, and C. E. Jansen van Rensburg. Phase I trial with oral oxihumate in HIV-infected patients. Drug Dev. Res. 2002, 57(1), 34-39.

(3257) C. E. Jansen van Rensburg, J. Dekker, R. Weis, T.-L. Smith, E. Jansen van Rensburg, and J. Schneider. Investigation of the anti-HIV properties of oxihumate. Chemotherapy 2002, 48(3), 138-143.

(3258) S. Torii and K. Inoue. Electrochemical conversion of brown coal (Victoria brown coal) into solvable humic acid derivatives by using small Zappi cell for bio-gasification process. Proc. Electrochem. Soc. 2002, 2002-10(Organic Electrochemistry), 132-135.

(3259) T. Shinozuka, A. Ito, O. Sasaki, Y. Yazawa, and T. Yamaguchi. Preparation of fulvic acid and low-molecular organic acids by oxidation of weathered coal humic acid. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 2002, (3), 345-350.

(3260) J. R. Snyman, J. Dekker, S. C. K. Malfeld, and C. E. Jansen van Rensburg. Pilot study to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of topical oxifulvic acid in atopic volunteers. Drug Dev. Res. 2002, 57(1), 40-43.

(3261) G. K. Joone, J. Dekker, and C. E. Jansen van Rensburg. Investigation of the immunostimulatory properties of oxihumate. Z. Naturforsch., C: J. Biosci. 2003, 58(3/4), 263-267.

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(3262) G. K. Joone. An in vitro and in vivo study of the immunomodulating properties of oxihumate. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 2003.

(3263) I. N. Ryabova, Z. G. Akkulova, and B. A. Zhubanov. Ion-exchange properties of modified humic acids. Khab. Kazak. Tesp. Ult. Gyl. Akad. 2003, (3), 49-53.

(3264) I. I. Telitsin, A. V. Barabanshchikov, G. A. Borodin, and E. A. Barabanshchikova. Method of producing organomineral humin product. RU 2,209,230 (July 27, 2003).

(3265) A. Hoffer, G. Kiss, M. Blazso, and A. Gelencser. Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) formed from a lignin-type precursor in model cloud water. Geophys. Res. Let. 2004, 31(6), L06115/1-L06115/4.

(3267) K. D. Thiel, B. Helbig, R. Kloecking, P. Wutzler, M. Sprossig, and H. Schweizer. Comparison of the in vitro activities of ammonium humate and of enzymatically oxidized chlorogenic and caffeic acids against type 1 and type 2 human herpes virus. Pharmazie 1981, 36(1), 50-53.

Chemical Synthesis (3266) F. Schiller, R. Kloecking, P. Wutzler, and I. Farber. Results

of an oriented clinical trial of ammonium humate for the local treatment of herpesvirus hominis (HVH) infections. Dermatol. Monatsh. 1979, 165(7), 505-509.


(3268) R. Kloecking, B. Helbig, G. Schoetz, M. Schacke, and P. Wutzler. Anti-HSV-1 activity of synthetic humic acid-like polymers derived from p-diphenolic starting compounds. Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 2002, 13(4), 241-249.

(3269) F. J. Lu, S. N. Tseng, M. L. Li, and S. R. Shih. In vitro anti-influenza virus activity of synthetic humate analogues derived from protocatechuic acid. Arch. Virol. 2002, 147(2), 273-284.

(3270) Y.-C. Hseu and H.-L. Yang. The effects of humic acid-arsenate complexes on human red blood cells. Environ. Res. 2002, 89(2), 131-137.

(3271) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments based thereon. AU 726,668 (March 1, 2001).

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(3272) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments based thereon. CA 2,278,759 (July 6, 2004).

(3273) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments based thereon. IL 131,161 (June 15, 2003).

(3274) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments based thereon. Patent Publication No. JP 2001/507,362 (June 5, 2001).

(3275) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments based thereon. TW 199,601 (March 21, 2004).

(3276) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments based thereon. US 5,946,445 (August 31, 1999).

(3277) R. J. Laub. Compositions containing synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments based thereon. US 6,569,416 (May 27, 2003).

(3278) R. J. Laub. Synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments for herpes viruses based thereon. US 6,524,566 (February 25, 2003).

(3279) R. J. Laub. Synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments for hemorrhagic fever viruses based thereon. US 6,524,567 (February 25, 2003).

(3280) R. J. Laub. Synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments for human immunodeficiency viruses based thereon. US 6,534,049 (March 18, 2003).

(3281) R. J. Laub. Synthetic soil-extract materials and medicaments for influenza viruses based thereon. US 6,576,229 (June 10, 2003).

(3282) M. R. Plaschke, J. Rothe, T. Schafer, M. A. Denecke, K. Dardenne, S. Pompe, and K.-H. Heise. Combined AFM and STXM in situ study of the influence of Eu(III) on the agglomeration of humic acid. Colloids Surf., A 2002, 197(1-3), 245-256.

(3283) S. Sachs, K.-H., Heise, and G. Bernhard. Synthetic humic acid model substances with specific functional properties for the use in complexation and sorption experiments with actinides. Wissen. Ber. Forsch. Karlsruhe 2003, FZKA 6800, 51-64.

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(3284) K. Schmeide, S. Sachs, M. Bubner, T. Reich, K.-H. Heise, and G. Bernhard. Interaction of uranium(VI) with various modified and unmodified natural and synthetic humic substances studied by EXAFS and FTIR spectroscopy. Inorg. Chim. Acta 2003, 351, 133-140.

(3285) H. Lippold, D. Reossler, and H. Kupsch. Comparative investigations on hydrophilicity and mobility of humic substances using radiolabeling techniques. R. Soc. Chem. 2003, 291(Special Publication), 349-353.

(3286) N. Meems, C. E. W. Steinberg, and C. Wiegand. Direct and interacting toxicological effects on the waterflea (Daphnia magna) by natural organic matter, synthetic humic substances and cypermethrin. Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 319(1-3), 123-136.

(3287) M. T. Spyridopoulos and S. J. R. Simons. Effect of natural organic matter on the stability of a liquid film between two colliding bubbles. Colloids Surf., A 2004, 235(1-3), 25-34.

(3288) S. Heidrich. Use of natural and synthetic humic substances as water and feed additives in fish farming. DE 10,237,740 (March 11, 2004).

(3289) S. Sachs, K. Schmeide, V. Brendler, A. Krepelova, J. Mibus, G. Geipel, T. Reich, K.-H. Heise, and G. Bernhard. Investigation of the complexation and the migration of actinides and non-radioactive substances with humic acids under geogenic conditions. Complexation of humic acids with actinides in the oxidation state IV: Th, U, Np. Wissen. Ber. Forsch. Karlsruhe 2004, FZKA 6999, 19, 21-94.

(3290) B. Kuczewski, A. Seibert, J. V. Kratz, N. Trautmann, N. L. Banik, S. Buerger, G. Getahum, C. Luettinger, J. Maul, R. Artinger, C. M. Marquardt, T. Schaefer, H. Geckeis, Th. Fanghaenel, and J. I. Kim. Investigations of the complexation and redox behaviour of neptunium and plutonium with humic acids at low metal ion concentrations under laboratory and natural groundwater conditions. Wissen. Ber. Forsch. Karlsruhe 2004, FZKA 6999, 95, 97, 99-141.

(3291) A. Paul, S. Hackbarth, R. D. Vogt, B. Roeder, B. K. Burnison, and C. E. W. Steinberg. Photogeneration of singlet oxygen by humic substances: comparison of humic substances of aquatic and terrestrial origin. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2004, 3(3), 273-280.

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Enzymatic Synthesis (3267) K. D. Thiel, B. Helbig, R. Kloecking, P. Wutzler, M. Sprossig,

and H. Schweizer. Comparison of the in vitro activities of ammonium humate and of enzymatically oxidized chlorogenic and caffeic acids against type 1 and type 2 human herpes virus. Pharmazie 1981, 36(1), 50-53.

(3292) Anon. In vitro studies of the antiviral activity of enzymatically oxidized o-diphenolic compounds against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. Z. Bakteriol. Parasit. Infekt. Hyg. A: Med Mikrobiol. Parasit. 1976, 234(2), 159-169.

(3293) K. Morimoto, K, Tatsumi, and K.-i. Kuroda. Analytical pyrolysis of the enzymatic reaction product from 3,4-dichloroaniline and a model humic constituent. Kankyo Kagaku 2002, 12(1), 115-126.

(3294) Q. Huang, H. Selig, and W. J. Weber, Jr. Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative coupling of phenols in the presence of geosorbents: rates of non-extractable product formation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(4), 596-602.

(3295) C.-J. Wang, S. Thiele, and J.-M. Bollag. Interaction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene with humic monomers in the presence of oxidative enzymes. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2002, 42(1), 1-8.

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Physicochemical Properties and Characterization

(2976) N. Fujita and S. Yamamoto. Analytical techniques and chemical properties for humic substances. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 86-91.



(3287) M. T. Spyridopoulos and S. J. R. Simons. Effect of natural organic matter on the stability of a liquid film between two colliding bubbles. Colloids Surf., A 2004, 235(1-3), 25-34.

(3296) N. V. Chukhareva, L. V. Shishmina, and A. A. Novikov. Physico-chemical characteristics of peat humic acids and their acid hydrolysis residues. Khim. Rastitel. Syr’ya 2003, (3), 11-15.

Acid-Base Properties (3052) S. Drushku and A. Malja. Sulfonation and oxidation of some

Albanian coals for increasing the ion-exchange capacity. J. Environ. Protect. Ecol. 2002, 3(1), 175-179.


(3168) Ts. Goliadze, G. Makharadze, G. Supatashvili, and A. Khaiauri. Study of acid-base properties of humin acids isolated from natural waters using chemisorption and potentiometric methods. Bull. Georgian Acad. Sci. 2002, 166(2), 276-279.

(3297) H. Kodama and K. Yonebayashi. Characterization of fulvic acid based on hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of humic molecule using cation exchange resin. Estimation for distribution of acid-dissociation constants on humic molecules. Kankyo Kagaku Sogo Kenkyusho Nenpo 2000, 20, 51-58.

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(3298) E. A. Neves, E. Benedetti, D. C. Souza, and R. Javaroni. Hydrogen ion affinity in humic acids: a coordination approach. J. Coord. Chem. 2003, 56(7), 623-633.

(3299) F. Twagiramungu. Potentiometric study of acid-base and complexation properties of humic acids from different origin with Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium, 2004.

(3300) J. D. Ritchie and E. M. Perdue. Proton-binding study of standard and reference fulvic acids, humic acids, and natural organic matter. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2003, 67(1), 85-96.

(3301) M. M. D. Sierra, A. N. Fernandes, and B. Szpoganicz. Influence of amide linkages on acidity determinations of humic substances. Testing with model-mixtures. Talanta 2004, 62(4), 687-693.

(3302) V. V. Kotov, K. E. Stekol’nikov, S. B. Tkachenko, S. V. Martynenko, and E. S. Gridyaeva. Transformation of acid-base properties of humic acids under the impact of fertilizers and ameliorants. Pochvovedenie 2004, (6), 713-718.

Adsorption of, from Solution (3303) X. Zhang and R. Bai. Adsorption behavior of humic acid onto

polypyrrole-coated nylon 6,6 granules. J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12(9), 2733-2739.

(3304) M. M. Ramos-Tejada, A. Ontiveros, J. L. Viota, and J. D. G. Duran. Interfacial and rheological properties of humic acid/hematite suspensions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003, 268(1), 85-95.

(3305) B. T. Abraham and T. S. Anirudhan. Solution factors affecting the sorption of humic acid onto montmorillonite, illite and kaolin. Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 2003, 2(2), 137-139.

(3306) A. Saada, H. Gaboriau, S. Cornu, F. Bardot, F. Villieras, and J. P. Croue. Adsorption of humic acid onto a kaolinitic clay studied by high-resolution argon adsorption volumetry. Clay Miner. 2003, 38(4), 433-443.

Alcohol Content (3307) D. Sen, E. Lichtfouse, and A. Mariotti. Mild hydrolysis and

alcohol compound of humic acid. II. Alcohol in hydrolyzed product of humic acid. Turang Tongbao 2002, 33(1), 17-20.

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Amide Content (3249) K. Schmidt-Rohr, J.-D. Mao, and D. C. Olk. Nitrogen-bonded

aromatics in soil organic matter and their implications for a yield decline in intensive rice cropping. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101(17), 6351-6354.

(3301) M. M. D. Sierra, A. N. Fernandes, and B. Szpoganicz. Influence of amide linkages on acidity determinations of humic substances. Testing with model-mixtures. Talanta 2004, 62(4), 687-693.

Amino Acid Content (3147) L. Szajdak, I. Zyczynska-Baloniak, T. Meysner, and A.

Blecharczyk. Bound amino acids in humic acids from arable cropping systems. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2004, 167(5), 562-567.


(3308) F. C. Wu, E. Tanoue, and C. Q. Liu. Fluorescence and amino acid characteristics of molecular size fractions of DOM in the waters of Lake Biwa. Biogeochemistry 2003, 65(2), 245-257.

Aromaticity (3072) P. Tinoco, G. Almendros, and F. J. Gonzalez-Villa.

Assessment of aromaticity indices in soil humic acids based on spectroscopic, pyrolytic, and wet chemical degradation data. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-074.

(3309) J.-D. Mao and K. Schmidt-Rohr. Recoupled long-range C-H dipolar dephasing in solid-state NMR, and its use for spectral selection of fused aromatic rings. J. Magn. Reson. 2003, 162(1), 217-227.

(3310) G. Liu, G. Qiu, and Y. Meng. Study on aromatization of HA type binder. Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong 2003, (3), 24-27.

(3311) A. Khaiauri, Ts. Goliadze, G. Makharadze, and T. Machaladze. Investigation of humin acids isolated from natural waters by thermal analysis. Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. 2003, 167(2), 267-269.

(3312) J.-D. Mao and K. Schmidt-Rohr. Accurate quantification of aromaticity and nonprotonated aromatic carbon fraction in natural organic matter by 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(9), 2680-2684.

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Ash Content (3245) C. R. Budziak, C. M. B. F. Maia, and A. S. Mangrich.

Chemical transformations of organic matter during the composting of wood industry wastes (residues). Quim. Nova 2004, 27(3), 399-403.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) (2996) M. Benedetti, J. F. Ranville, M. Ponthieu, and J. P. Pinheiro.

Field-flow fractionation characterization and binding properties of particulate and colloidal organic matter from the Rio Amazon and Rio Negro. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 269-279.

(3313) M. de G. Pereira and M. A. Z. Arruda. Preconcentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using humic substances and flow systems coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim. Acta 2004, 146(3-4), 215-222.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES) (3314) N. P. Zaksas, I. R. Shelpakova, and V. G. Gerasimov.

Determination of trace elements in different powdered samples by atomic emission spectrometry with spectral excitation in a two-jet arc plasmatron. J. Anal. Chem. (Translation of Zh. Anal. Khim.) 2004, 59(3), 222-227.

(3315) A. Barbosa Araujo, A. H. Rosa, J. C. Rocha, R. Cruz, and P. Luciane. Metal distribution and characterization of exchange constants between metal species and aquatic humic fractions with different molecular sizes. Quim. Nova 2002, 25(6B), 1103-1107.

(3316) R. Santamaria-Fernandez, M. R. Cave, and S. J. Hill. The effect of humic acids on the sequential extraction of metals in soils and sediments using ICP-AES and chemometric analysis. J. Environ. Monit. 2003, 5(6), 929-934.

(3317) X. Song and S. O. Farwell. Pyrolysis gas chromatography atomic emission detection method for determination of N-containing components of humic and fulvic acids. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2004, 71(2), 901-915.

Atomic Force Microscopy (2955) D. Muirhead and J. R. Lead. Measurement of the size and

structure of natural aquatic colloids in an urbanized watershed by atomic force microscopy. Hydrobiologia 2003, 494, 65-69.

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(2990) K. Vinodgopal, V. Subramanian, S. Carrasquillo, and P. V. Kamat. Electrophoretic assembly of naturally occurring humic substances as thin films. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(4), 761-765.


(3318) K. Vinodgopal, V. Subramanian, S. Carrasquillo, and P. V. Kamat. Electrophoretic assembly of naturally occurring humic substances as thin films. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(4), 761-765.

(3319) D. Muirhead and J. R. Lead. Measurement of the size and structure of natural aquatic colloids in an urbanized watershed by atomic force microscopy. Hydrobiologia 2003, 494, 65-69.

(3320) M. Plaschke, J. Roemer, and J. I. Kim. Characterization of Gorleben groundwater colloids by atomic force microscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(21), 4483-4488.

(3321) R. Osterberg. Fractal structure and reactions of the two-phase humic acid system. Trends Geochem. 2002, 2, 95-99.

(3322) M. Mertig, D. Klemm, H. Zanker, and W. Pompe. Scanning force microscopy of two-dimensional structure formation in thin humic acid films. Surf. Interface Anal. 2002, 33(2), 113-117.

(3323) M. Plaschke and J. Roemer. Characterization of groundwater colloids by AFM. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-139.

(3324) K. Vinodgopal and P. V. Kamat. Atomic force microscopy of humic substances. In Book of Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 556-558.

(3325) C. Barbot, J. Pieri, J.-P. Durand, F. Goudard, M. Plaschke, G. Buckau, J.-I. Kim, W. Szymszak, M. Wolf, and O. Bouloussa. Characterization of humic wafers by AFM, TOF-SIMS, ATR-FTIR: development of new synthesis routes. Wiss. Ber. Forschungs. Karlsruhe 2003, FZKA 6800, 115-144.

(3326) E. Balnois and K. J. Wilkinson. Sample preparation techniques for the observation of environmental biopolymers by atomic force microscopy. Colloids Surf., A 2002, 207(1-3), 229-242.

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(3327) W. R. Bowen, T. A. Doneva, and H.-B. Yin. Separation of humic acid from a model surface water with PSU/SPEEK blend UF/NF membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 2002, 206(1-2), 417-429.

(3328) K. Vinodgopal and P. V. Kamat. Atomic force microscopy of humic substances. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-059.

Bromination of (3329) S. Echigo, S. Itoh, T. Araki, R. Ando, T. Natsui, and R. A.

Minear. Kinetics and toxicity of brominated disinfection products. Kankyo Eisei Kogaku Kenkyu 2003, 17(3), 82-87.

(3330) S. Echigo, S. Itoh, R. Ando, T. Araki, and T. Natsui. Chromosomal aberration test of humic materials treated with hypohalous acids. Kankyo Eisei Kogaku Kenkyu 2003, 17(3), 88-92.

Calorimetry (3331) M. L. Antonelli, N. Calace, C. Fortini, B. M. Petronio, B. M.

Pietroniro, and P. Pusceddu. Calorimetric investigation of complex formation of some humic compounds. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2002, 70(1), 291-297.

Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE) (2958) P. Schmitt-Kopplin and J. Junkers. Capillary zone

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(3332) G. Ping, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, N. Hertkorn, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and A. Kettrup. Separation of selected humic degradation compounds by capillary electrochromatography with monolithic and packed columns. Electrophoresis 2003, 24(6), 958-969.

(3333) J. D. Hewitt and L. B. McGown. On-the-fly fluorescence lifetime detection of humic substances in capillary electrophoresis. Appl. Spectrosc. 2003, 57(3), 256-265.

(3334) M. L. Pacheco, E. M. Pena-Mendez, and J. Havel. Supramolecular interactions of humic acids with organic and inorganic xenobiotics studied by capillary electrophoresis. Chemosphere 2003, 51(2), 95-108.

(3335) L. Cavani, C. Ciavatta, O. E. Trubetskaya, O. I. Reznikova, G. V. Afanas’eva, and O. A. Trubetskoj. Capillary zone electrophoresis of soil humic acid fractions obtained by coupling size-exclusion chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr., A 2003, 983(1-2), 263-270.

(3336) J. Peuravuori, V. Lepane, T. Lehtonen, and K. Pihlaja. Comparative study for separation of aquatic humic substances by capillary zone electrophoresis using uncoated, polymer coated and gel-filled capillaries. J. Chromatogr., A 2004, 1023(1), 129-142.

(3337) P. Schmitt-Kopplin. Interpreting capillary electrophoresis-electrospray/mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI/MS) of Suwannee River natural organic matter (NOM). In Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference of the International Humic Substances Society and the 6th Humic Substances Seminar, E. A. Ghabbour and G. Davies, Eds.; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 9-30.

(3338) P. Schmitt-Kopplin and A. Kettrup. Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the characterization of natural organic matter: an evaluation with free flow electrophoresis-off-line flow injection electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2003, 24(17), 3057-3066.

(3339) H. H. Ruettinger and R. Dunkel. Fractionation of refractory organic substances by electrophoresis. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 249-263.

(3340) M. Ubner, V. Lepane, M. Lopp, and M. Kaljurand. Electrophoretic aggregation of humic acid. J. Chromatogr., A 2004, 1045(1-2), 253-258.

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(3341) K. Kydralieva. Identification of vitamins and humic substances by highly effective capillary electrophoresis. Izv. Nats. Akad. Nauk Kyrgyzskoi Resp. 2004, (2), 113-119.

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(3337) P. Schmitt-Kopplin. Interpreting capillary electrophoresis-electrospray/mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI/MS) of Suwannee River natural organic matter (NOM). In Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference of the International Humic Substances Society and the 6th Humic Substances Seminar, E. A. Ghabbour and G. Davies, Eds.; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 9-30.

(3338) P. Schmitt-Kopplin and A. Kettrup. Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the characterization of natural organic matter: an evaluation with free flow electrophoresis-off-line flow injection electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2003, 24(17), 3057-3066.

(3342) J. A. Olmo Soto. Method development for the analysis of disinfection by-products coming from the chlorination of humic acid using pressurized capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry. Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2003, 64(1), 179.

(3343) V. Salters and J. E. Sonke. Capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a new technique to quantify lanthanide-humic acid equilibria and kinetics. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEOC-058.

(3344) J. E. Sonke and V. J. M. Salters. Disequilibrium effects in metal speciation by capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS); theory, simulations and experiments. Analyst 2004, 129(8), 731-738.

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Carboxyl Content (3089) P. A. Campitelli, M. I. Velasco, and S. B. Ceppi. Charge

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(3345) J. A. Leenheer, R. L. Wershaw, G. K. Brown, and M. M. Reddy. Characterization and diagenesis of strong-acid carboxyl groups in humic substances. Appl. Geochem. 2003, 18(3), 471-482.

(3346) V. M. Dudarchik, T. V. Sokolova, T. P. Smychnik, and V. S. Pekhtereva. Sorption properties of modified peat-based humic preparations. Vest. Nats. Akad. Navuk Belarusi, Ser. Khim. Navuk 2003, (2), 95-99.

(3347) L. Grasset, C. Guignard, and A. Ambles. Free and esterified aliphatic carboxylic acids in humin and humic acids from a peat sample as revealed by pyrolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide or tetraethylammonium acetate. Org. Geochem. 2003, 33(3), 181-188.

Centrifugation of (3080) A. Herrera, A. Correa, and A. Lozano de Yunda. Molecular

size distributions of humic and fulvic acids extracted from Colombian andisoles. Rev. Colomb. Quim. 2003, 32(1), 29-43.

Chlorination of (3079) A. Eyring, M. Intenzo, and E. Peterkin. Natural organic

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(3329) S. Echigo, S. Itoh, T. Araki, R. Ando, T. Natsui, and R. A. Minear. Kinetics and toxicity of brominated disinfection products. Kankyo Eisei Kogaku Kenkyu 2003, 17(3), 82-87.

(3330) S. Echigo, S. Itoh, R. Ando, T. Araki, and T. Natsui. Chromosomal aberration test of humic materials treated with hypohalous acids. Kankyo Eisei Kogaku Kenkyu 2003, 17(3), 88-92.

(3342) J. A. Olmo Soto. Method development for the analysis of disinfection by-products coming from the chlorination of humic acid using pressurized capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry. Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2003, 64(1), 179.

(3348) J. Swietlik and E. Sikorska. Application of fluorescence spectroscopy in the studies of natural organic matter fractions reactivity with chlorine dioxide and ozone. Water Res. 2004, 38(177), 3791-3799.

(3349) C. S. Uyguner, C. Hellriegel, W. Otto, and C. K. Larive. Characterization of humic substances: implications for trihalomethane formation. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378(6), 1579-1586.

(3350) D. W. Reading, D. M. Robinson, and G. H. Purser. Reactivity of chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide and peroxyacetic acid with humic acids. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; CHED-351.

(3351) X. Zhang and R. A. Minear. Characterization of high molecular weight disinfection byproducts resulting from chlorination of aquatic humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(19), 4033-4038.

Circular Dichroism (3352) T. W.-M. Fan, A. N. Lane, E. Chekmenev, R. J. Wittebort,

and R. M. Higashi. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of peptides in soil humic substances. J. Pept. Res. 2004, 63(3), 253-264.

Complexation (2957) E. Tipping. Modeling the binding of protons and metal ions

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(3176) H. Wang, M. Yang, P. Ning, and Y. Chen. Study on mechanism and thermodynamics of methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution by humic acid. Huaxue Yanjiu Yu Yingyong 2002, 14(4), 449-451.


(3230) Y. Lu and J. J. Pignatello. Comparison of nonideal sorption behaviors and the “conditioning effect” in two humic acids and a lignite. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(2), 980-985.


(3244) D. G. Lumsdon. Partitioning of organic carbon, aluminium and cadmium between solid and solution in soils: application of a mineral-humic particle additivity model. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2004, 55(2), 271-285.

(3295) C.-J. Wang, S. Thiele, and J.-M. Bollag. Interaction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene with humic monomers in the presence of oxidative enzymes. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2002, 42(1), 1-8.

(3334) M. L. Pacheco, E. M. Pena-Mendez, and J. Havel. Supramolecular interactions of humic acids with organic and inorganic xenobiotics studied by capillary electrophoresis. Chemosphere 2003, 51(2), 95-108.


(3354) C. Borghetti, P. Gioacchini, C. Marzadori, and C. Gessa. Activity and stability of urease-hydroxyapatite and urease-hydroxyapatite-humic acid complexes. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2003, 38(2), 96-101.

(3355) T. Kacker, E. T. K. Haupt, C. Garms, W. Francke, and H. Steinhart. Structural characterisation of humic acid-bound PAH residues in soil by 13C-CPMAS-NMR-spectroscopy: evidence of covalent bonds. Chemosphere 2002, 48(1), 117-131.

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(3356) K. A. Thorn and K. R. Kennedy. 15N NMR investigation of the covalent binding of reduced TNT amines to soil humic acid, model compounds, and lignocellulose. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(17), 3787-3796.

(3357) K. G. Karthikeyan and J. Chorover. Humic acid complexation of basic and neutral polycyclic aromatic compounds. Chemosphere 2002, 48(9), 955-964.

(3358) D. R. Van Stempvoort and S. Lesage. Binding of methylated naphthalenes to concentrated aqueous humic acid. Adv. Environ. Res. 2002, 6(4), 495-504.

(3359) N. A. Kulikova and I. V. Perminova. Binding of atrazine to humic substances from soil, peat, and coal related to their structure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(17), 3720-3724.

(3360) H. Yamada, I. Hisamori, and K. Yonebayashi. Identification of organically bound iodine in soil humic substances by size exclusion chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC/ICP-MS). Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2002, 48(3), 379-385.

(3361) M. Telscher, A. Schaeffer, and A. Hoellrigl-Rosta. Binding interactions of herbicide metabolites with clay minerals and humic acids in an aqueous system. Fresenius’ Environ. Bull. 2003, 12(6), 559-564.

(3362) T. Lou, G.-h. Chen, H.-x. Xie, and Y. Zhang. Advances of the effect of humic substance with organic pollutants. Haiyang Huanjing Kexue 2004, 23(3), 71-76.

(3363) F. N. Crespiho, W. T. Lopes da Silva, and M. O. O. Rezende. Electrochemical study of the interaction between metribuzin herbicide and vermicompost humic acids. An. Assoc. Brasil. Quim. 2003, 52(2), 61-64.

(3364) Y.-M. Zhou, R.-x. Liu, and H.-x. Tang. Kinetics study of aqueous sorption of phenanthrene to humic acids and sediments. J. Environ. Sci. (Beijing, China) 2004, 16(3), 408-413.

(3365) L. Li, R. Zhiqiang, S. Yong, G. Sheng, J.-m. Fu, P.-a. Peng, and W.-l. Huang. Characteristics for the molecular weight distribution of the Pahokee peat humic acids and the effects on the sorption of phenanthrene. Huanjing Kexue Xuebao 2004, 24(4), 587-594.

(3366) M. Terashima, M. Fukushima, and S. Tanaka. Evaluation of solubilizing ability of humic aggregate basing on the phase-separation model. Chemosphere 2004, 57(6), 439-445.

(3367) M. Khalaf. Effect of the fractionation and immobilization on the sorption properties of humic acid. Ber. Forschungs. Juelich 2003, Juel-4046, i-ix, 1-114.

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(3368) M. B. Muller, K. Vercammen, and F. H. Frimmel. Interactions between ofloxacin and NOM investigated by fluorescence quenching technique. V. Wass. 2003, 100, 85-98.

(3369) D. R. Van Stempvoort, S. Lesage, and H. Steer. Binding of hydrophobic organic contaminants to humalite-derived aqueous humic products, with implications for remediation. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 2003, 38(2), 267-281.

(3370) J. D. Kubicki and C. C. Trout. Molecular modeling of fulvic and humic acids: charging effects and interactions with Al3+, benzene, and pyridine. In Geochemical and Hydrological Reactivity of Heavy Metals in Soils, H. M. Selim and W. L. Kingery, Eds.; Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis, 2003; 113-143.

(3371) S. K. Bhattacharyya. Adsorption of streptomycin (antibiotics) on soil humic acid. J. Inst. Chem. (India) 2002, 74(5), 169-170.

(3372) A. J. Simpson. Determining the molecular weight, aggregation, structures and interactions of natural organic matter using diffusion ordered spectroscopy. Magn. Res. Chem. 2002, 40(Spec. Issue), S72-S82.

(3373) P. Janos. Sorption of basic dyes onto iron humate. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(24), 5792-5798.

(3374) K. E. N. Jonassen, T. Nielsen, and P. E. Hansen. The application of high-performance liquid chromatography humic acid columns in determination of Koc of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2003, 22(4), 741-745.

(3375) V. P. Vinod and T. S. Anirudhan. Adsorption behavior of basic dyes on the humic acid immobilized pillared clay. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 2003, 150(1-4), 193-217.

(3376) H. Wang, M. Yang, P. Ning, and J. Wang. Study on the adsorption of methylene blue by humic acid from swampy soil. Huanjing Gongcheng 2002, 20(3), 72-74.

(3377) S. Salvestrini, E. Coppola, and S. Capasso. Sorption of diuron by soils and dissolved humic acids: free energy interaction. Fresenius’ Environ. Bull. 2004, 13(3b), 233-237.

(3378) M. J. Simpson, B. Chefetz, and P. G. Hatcher. Phenanthrene sorption to structurally modified humic acids. J. Environ. Qual. 2003, 32(5), 1750-1758.

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(3379) C. Kontas and M. A. Nanny. Fluorescent spectroscopic analysis of non-covalent interactions between dissolved humic and fulvic acids and 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 528-531.

(3380) Y. Lu and J. J. Pignatello. Comparison of nonideal sorption behaviors and the conditioning effect in two humic acids and a lignite. In Abstracts of the 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-229.

(3381) B. Xing. Phenanthrene sorption by humic-clay complexes. In Abstracts of the 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-118. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(2), 897-903.

(3382) H. Hur and M. A. Schlautman. Influence of humic substance (HS) adsorptive fractionation on pyrene partitioning to dissolved and mineral-associated HS. In Abstracts of the 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-117. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(2), 892-896.

(3383) K. Mackenzie, A. Georgi, M. Kumke, and F.-D. Kopinke. Sorption of pyrene to dissolved humic substances and related model polymers. 2. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and fluorescence quenching technique (FQT) as analytical methods. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(20), 4403-4409.

(3384) Y.-H. Shih and S.-C. Wu. Sorption kinetics of selected volatile organic compounds in humin. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2002, 21(10), 2067-2074.

(3385) C.-L. Lee, L.-J. Kuo, H.-L. Wang, and P.-C. Hsieh. Effects of ionic strength on the binding of phenanthrene and pyrene to humic substances: three-stage variation model. Water Res. 2003, 37(17), 4250-4258.

(3386) D.-y. Chen and W.-l. Huang. Sorption mechanism of hydrophobic organic contaminants by soil organic matter fractions. Diqiu Huaxue 2003, 32(4), 368-374.

(3387) P. Reiller and V. Moulin. Chemical data on iodine-natural organic matter interactions. Wiss. Ber. Forschungs. Karlsruhe 2003, FZKA 6800, 99-114.

(3388) L. K. Koopal, T. P. Goloub, and T. A. Davis. Binding of ionic surfactants to purified humic acid. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2004, 275(2), 360-367.

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(3389) H. Yabuta, M. Fukushima, F. Tanaka, H. Ichikawa, and K. Tatsumi. Solid-phase microextraction for the evaluation of partition coefficients of a chlorinated dioxin and hexachlorobenzene into humic substances. Anal. Sci. 2004, 20(5), 787-791.

(3390) M. J. Strynar. Determination of binding interactions between xenobiotic chemicals and soil humic material. Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2004, 64(7), 3023.

(3391) M. J. Simpson, A. J. Simpson, and P. G. Hatcher. Noncovalent interactions between aromatic compounds and dissolved humic acid examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2004, 23(2), 355-362.

(3392) H. Wijnja, J. J. Pignatello, and K. Malekani. Formation of - complexes between phenanthrene and model -acceptor

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(3393) K. Morimoto, H. Ichikawa, K. Tatsumi, K.-i. Kuroda, and T. Higashi. Comparison of the effect of various humic substances on the enzymatic transformation of PCP. Organohal. Comp. 2003, 61, 401-404.

(3394) N. A. Kulikova, I. V. Perminova, and G. F. Lebedeva. Pochvovedenie 2003, (10), 1207-1212.

(3395) S. Mishima and T. Nakagawa. Effect of non-covalent interactions between organic compounds and humic substances on analytical pervaporation. J. Membr. Sci. 2004, 228(1), 1-4.

(3396) K. Wang, E. A. Ghabbour, G. Davies, and B. Xing. Phenanthrene sorption by clay-humic complexes. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference and Sixth Humic Substance Seminar, E. A. Ghabbour and G. Davies, Eds.; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 73-181.

(3397) C. Liu and P. M. Huang. Kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) adsorption by metal oxides, metal oxide-humic complexes, and humic acid. Soil Sci. 2004, 169(7), 497-504.

(3398) J. Hur and M. A. Schlautman. Using selected operational descriptors to examine the heterogeneity with a bulk humic substance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(5), 880-887.

(3399) A. S. Gunasekara, M. J. Simpson, and B. Xing. Identification and characterization of sorption domains in soil organic matter using structurally modified humic acids. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(5), 852-858.

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(3400) E. G. Witte, H. Phillip, and H. Vereecken. Study of enzyme-catalysed and noncatalysed interactions between soil humic acid and 13C-labeled 2-aminobenzothiazole using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(12), 1727-1735.

(3401) H. Prosen, A. Troha, and L. Zupancic-Kralj. Studies of interaction between some organochlorine insecticides and humic acid using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography. Acta Chim. Slov. 2002, 49(3), 561-573.

(3402) J. A. Ferreira, L. Martin-Neto, C. M. P. Vaz, and J. B. Regitano. Sorption interactions between imazaquin and a humic acid extracted from a typical Brazilian oxisol. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(5), 1665-1670.

(3403) J. A. Terschak. Phenanthrene adsorption and desorption by melanoidins and marine sediment humic acids. Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2002, 63(5), 2279.

(3404) L. C. Brothers, H. Lei, M. A. Eastman, and M. A. Nanny. Molecular motion of adsorbed benzene on humic acid. In Abstracts of the 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; ENVR-111. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(1), 213-217.

(3405) H. M. Bialk and J. A. Pedersen. Oxidative coupling of sulfonamide antimicrobials with monomeric humic constituents. In Abstracts of the 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; ENVR-113. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(1), 224-229.

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(3407) F.-H. Chi and G. L. Amy. Transport of anthracene and benz(a)anthracene through iron-quartz and three aquifer materials in laboratory columns. Chemosphere 2004, 55(4), 515-524.

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(3408) C. Richard, O. Trubetskaya, O. Trubetskoj, O. Reznikova, G. Afanas’eva, J.-P. Aguer, and G. Guyot. Key role of the low molecular size fraction of soil humic acids for fluorescence and photoinductive activity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(7), 2052-2057.

(3409) K.-H. Kang, J. Dec, H. Park, and J.-M. Bollag. Effect of phenolic mediators and humic acid on cyprodinil transformation in presence of birnessite. Water Res. 2004, 38(11), 2737-2745.

(3410) S. J. Parikh, J. Chorover, and W. D. Burgos. Interaction of phenanthrene and its primary metabolite (1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid) with estuarine sediments and humic fractions. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2004, 72(1-4), 1-22.

(3411) W. H. Otto, D. J. Britten, and C. K. Larive. NMR diffusion analysis of surfactant-humic substance interactions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003, 261(2), 508-513.

(3412) C. Zhang, S. Li, B. Li, and W. Li. Efficacy of coal-based acid on the bioactivity of tribenuron-methyl. In Preprints of Symposia; American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, 2003; 48(1), 72-73.

(3413) Y. Lu and J. J. Pignatello. Sorption of apolar aromatic compounds to humic acid particles cross-linked by polyvalent metal ions. In Abstracts of the 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-018. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 499-505.

(3414) G. Cao, H. Mo, and F. An. Adsorption of 2,4-D to humic acids. Huanjing Kexue Xuebao 2002, 22(1), 120-122.

(3415) Y. Laor and M. Rebhun. Evidence for nonlinear binding of PAHs to dissolved humic acids. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(5), 955-961.

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(3505) E. Tipping, C. Rey-Castro, S. E. Bryan, and J. Hamilton-Taylor. Al(III) and Fe(III) binding by humic substances in freshwaters, and implications for trace metal speciation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66(18), 3211-3224.

(3506) R. Artinger, W. Schuessler, T. Schaefer, and J. I. Kim. A kinetic study of Am(III)/humic colloid interactions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(20), 4358-4363.

(3507) J. C. Rocha, A. H. Rosa, J. Van den Bergh, and P. Burba. Characterization of humic-rich hydrocolloids and their metal species by means of competing ligand and metal exchange–an on-site approach. J. Environ. Monit. 2002, 4(5), 799-802.

(3508) D. K. Ryan and H. D. Hays. Changes in the natural fluorescence of fulvic acid caused by the binding of Al(III): can fluorescence quenching and fluorescence enhancement occur simultaneously? In Book of Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-010.

(3509) N. Lee and D. K. Ryan. Study of fulvic-aluminum(III) ion complexes by 27Al solution NMR. In Book of Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-011.

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(3511) D. Luo, P. Yi, A. Chen, and Z. Hu. Adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ from electroplating wastewater by humic acid resin. Cailliao Baohu 2002, 35(4), 54-56.

(3512) E. Casartelli, A. Evelton, and N. Miekeley. Determination of thorium and light rare-earth elements in soil water and its high molecular mass organic fractions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and on-line-coupled size-exclusion chromatography. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 377(1), 58-64.

(3513) M. I. Khattak. Physico-chemistry of adsorption of copper, nickel and cobalt on lignite from ammoniacal solutions. Sci. Int. (Lahore) 2004, 16(1), 75-79.

(3514) J. Riggle, R. von Wandruszka, and A. Leytem. In Book of Abstracts, Joint Regional Meeting of the Northwest and Rocky Mountain Sections of the ACS; Logan, Utah: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEN-113.

(3515) N. Palmer, R. von Wandruszka, and J. Smieja. Arsenate reduction by humic materials. In Book of Abstracts, Joint Regional Meeting of the Northwest and Rocky Mountain Sections of the ACS; Logan, Utah: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEN-114.

(3516) M. Arias, M. T. Barral, J. Da Silva-Carvalhal, J. C. Mejuto, and D. Rubinos. Interaction of Hg(II) with kaolin-humic acid complexes. Clay Miner. 2004, 39(1), 35-45.

(3517) P. Crancon and J. van der Lee. Speciation and mobility of uranium(VI) in humic-containing soils. Radiochim. Acta 2003, 91(11), 673-679.

(3518) H. J. Shin, S. O. Lee, S. J. Kim, T. Tran, and M. J. Kim. Study of the effect of humate and its removal on the precipitation of aluminum trihydroxide from the Bayer process. Miner. Eng. 2004, 17(3), 387-391.

(3519) J. Li, A. W. Rate, and R. J. Gilkes. Silver ion desorption kinetics from iron oxides and soil organic matter: effect of adsorption period. Austr. J. Soil Res. 2004, 42(1), 59-67.

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(3520) P. Tkac and R. Kopunec. Preparation of Tc-HA complex by displacement of thiourea from the hexakis(thiourea-S) technetium(III) complex. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2003, 256(3), 417-423.

(3521) A. A. A. Halim, B. F. Ali, and A. S. A. Nabi. Synthesis, characterization and analytical study of a new resin based on humic acid. Res. J. Chem. Environ. 2003, 7(4), 12-16.

(3522) Y. Takahashi and Y. Minai. Some achievements of multitracer technique in experimental studies on metal-humate interaction. JAERI-Conf. 2003, 2003-010(Proceedings of the International Symposium, Transport of Radionuclides in Biosphere: Protection and Assessment, 2002), 320-325.

(3523) J. Riggle and R. von Wandruszka. Dynamic conductivity measurements in humic and fulvic acid solutions. Talanta 2004, 62(1), 103-108.

(3524) J.-M. Monsallier, R. Artinger, M. A. Denecke, F. J. Scherbaum, G. Buckau, and J.-I. Kim. Spectroscopic study (TRLES and EXAFS) of the kinetics of An(III)/Ln(III) humate interaction. Radiochim. Acta 2003, 91(10), 567-574.

(3525) R. A. Alvarez-Puebla, C. Valenzuela-Calahorro, and J. J. Garrido. Cu(II) retention on a humic substance. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2004, 270(1), 47-55.

(3526) N. C. Y. Lee and D. K. Ryan. Study of fulvic-aluminum(III) ion complexes by 27Al solution NMR. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference and Sixth Humic Substance Seminar; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 219-228.

(3527) F. Monteil-Rivera, J.-P. Chopart, and J. Dumonceau. Comparison of dialysis, polarography and fluorimetry for quantification of cobalt(II) binding by dissolved humic acid. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference and Sixth Humic Substance Seminar; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 243-262.

(3528) A. Sawada, S. Tanaka, M. Fukushima, and K. Tatsumi. Electrokinetic remediation of clayey soils containing copper(II)-oxinate using humic acid as a surfactant. J. Haz. Mater. 2003, 96(2-3), 145-154.

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(3529) J. Chylkova, T. Sakra, and K. Mitlohnerova. Removal of cadmium from solutions by calcium salts of humic substances. Vod. Hospod. 2002, 52(10), 310-312.

(3530) A. Yu. Kudeyarova. Structural and Zn-binding features of ortho- and pyrophosphate-modified soil metal-humus sorbents (features of P-modified humus sorbents). Int. Agrophys. 2002, 16(3), 197-202.

(3531) P. Gossart, A. Semmoud, C. Ruckebusch, and J.-P. Huvenne. Multivariate curve resolution applied to Fourier transform infrared spectra of macromolecules: structural characterization of the acid form and the salt form of humic acids in interaction with lead. Anal. Chim. Acta 2003, 477(2), 201-209.

(3532) A. Maes, C. Bruggeman, K. Geraedts, and J. Vancluysen. Quantification of the interaction of Tc with dissolved boom clay humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(4), 747-753.

(3533) A. Kaschl, V. Romheld, and Y. Chen. Binding of cadmium, copper, and zinc to humic substances originating from municipal solid waste compost. Isr. J. Chem. 2002, 42(1), 89-98.

(3534) Kz. Wrobel, B. B. M. Sadi, Kt. Wrobel, J. R. Castillo, and J. A. Caruso. Effect of metal ions on the molecular weight distribution of humic substances derived from municipal compost: ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography with spectrophotometric and inductively coupled plasma-MS detection. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(4), 761-767.

(3535) R. Mandal. Competitive binding of metal ions by humic substances in model systems and in freshwaters. Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2002, 63(4), 1819.

(3536) G. de la Rosa, J. R. Peralta-Videa, and J. L. Gardea-Torresdey. Utilization of ICP/OES for the determination of trace metal binding to different humic fractions. J. Hazard. Mater. 2003, 97(1-3), 207-218.

(3537) C. J. Milne, D. G. Kinniburgh, W. H. van Riemsdijk, and E. Tipping. Generic NICA-Donnan model parameters for metal-ion binding by humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(5), 958-971.

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(3538) J. Duan, J. Wang, N. Graham, and F. Wilson. Coagulation of humic acid by aluminum sulphate in saline water conditions. Desalination 2002, 150(1), 1-14.

(3539) G. Yuan, H. J. Percival, B. K. G. Theng, and R. L. Parfitt. Sorption of copper and cadmium by allophane-humic complexes. Devel. Soil Sci. 2002, 28A(Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interac-tions and Ecosystem Health), 37-47.

(3540) A. Mori, F. Fornasier, L. Catalano, I. Franco, and L. Leita. The interaction between ferricyanide ion and unfractionated humic substances. Devel. Soil Sci. 2002, 28A(Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health), 449-456.

(3541) F. N. Crespilho, R. A. Messias, and M. O. O. Rezende. Determination of copper in sugar cane rum by cyclic voltammetry using carbon paste electrode modified with humic acids. An. Assoc. Bras. Quim. 2002, 51(2), 63-67.

(3542) T. Tanaka, S. Nagao, and H. Ogawa. Correlation between molecular size and functional groups of humic acid on the complexation with 237Np, 238Pu and 241Am. JAERI-Conf. 2002, 2002-004(Proceedings of the International Symposium NUCEF 2001), 651-658.

(3543) L. A. Jukova, O. V. Kichigin, and O. A. Nosova. Study of dependence of pHmax of formation of complexes on Ni(II) and Sr(II) with soil humic acids on hydrolysis constants of metal ions and dissociation constants of organic ligands. Izv. Vys. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2002, 45(4), 66-69.

(3544) G. Abate and J. C. Masini. Complexation of Cd(II) and Pb(II) with humic acids studied by anodic stripping voltammetry using differential equilibrium functions and discrete site models. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(10), 1171-1182.

(3545) M. R. Provenzano, V. D’Orazio, M. Jerzykiewicz, and N. Senesi. Fluorescence behavior of Zn and Ni complexes of humic acids from different sources. Chemosphere 2004, 55(6), 885-892.

(3546) R. A. Alvarez-Puebla, C. Valenzuela-Calahorro, and J. J. Garrido. Retention of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) on a purified brown humic acid. Modeling and characterization of the sorption process. Langmuir 2004, 20(9), 3657-3664.

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(3547) N. Ratasuk and M. A. Nanny. Contribution of quinone functional groups to the electron transfer capacity of humic substances. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; ENVR-107; in Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(1), 195-199.

(3548) D. L. Sparks. Kinetics and mechanisms of metal sorption at the soil mineral/water interface: the continuum from adsorption to precipitation. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEOC-036.

(3549) P. Zhou, B. Gu, and H. Yan. Competitive complexation of humic substance with metal ions in contaminated groundwater. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEOC-063.

(3550) J. Rothe, M. Plaschke, M. A. Denecke, and T. Fanghaenel. Carbon K-edge spectromicroscopy of model substances for the study of humic acid actinide complexation. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; NUCL-004.

(3551) P. H. Santschi, K. A. Roberts, and B. D. Honeyman. Interactions between actinides and environmental matrices, with special emphasis on plutonium. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; NUCL-038.

(3552) N. Roesch, F. Schlosser, L. Moskaleva, and S. Krueger. Computational models for environmental chemistry: actinide binding to carboxylic groups. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; NUCL-047.

(3553) V. V. Dobrovol’skii. The role of humic acids in the formation of migrational fluxes of heavy metals. Pochvovedenie 2004, (1), 32-39.

(3554) B. Barancikova and J. Makovnikova. The influence of humic acid quality on the sorption and mobility of heavy metals. Plant Soil Environ. 2003, 49(12), 565-571.

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(3555) A. K. Pandey, S. D. Pandey, V. Misra, and A. K. Srimal. Removal of chromium and reduction of toxicity to Microtox system from tannery effluent by the use of calcium alginate beads containing humic acid. Chemosphere 2003, 51(4), 329-333.

(3556) I. Ko, J.-Y. Kim, and K.-W. Kim. Arsenic speciation and sorption kinetics in the As-hematite-humic acid system. Colloids Surf., A 2004, 234(1-3), 43-50.

(3557) P. Burba and J. Van den Bergh. Transformations of metal species in ageing humic hydrocolloids studied by competitive ligand and metal exchange. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378(6), 1637-1643.

(3558) L. J. Evans, B. Sengdy, D. G. Lumsdon, and D. A. Stanbury. Cadmium adsorption by an organic soil: a comparison of some humic-metal complexation models. Chem. Speciation Bioavailability 2003, 15(4), 93-100.

(3559) M. Klucakova and M. Pekar. Study of structure and properties of humic and fulvic acids. III. Study of complexation of Cu2+ ions with humic acids in sols. J. Polym Mater. 2003, 20(2), 145-154.

(3560) M. Klucakova and M. Pekar. Study of structure and properties of humic and fulvic acids. IV. Study of interactions of Cu2+ ions with humic gels and final comparison. J. Polym. Mater. 2003, 20(2), 155-162.

(3561) R. Artinger, G. Buckau, P. Zeh, K. Geraedts, J. Vancluysen, A. Maes, and J. I. Kim. Humic colloid mediated transport of tetravalent actinides and technetium. Radiochim. Acta 2003, 91(12), 743-750.

(3562) A. Maes, K. Geraedts, C. Bruggeman, J. Vancluysen, A. Rossberg, and C. Henning. Evidence for the interaction of technetium colloids with humic substances by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(7), 2044-2051.

(3563) V. N. Kislenko and L. P. Oliinyk. Binding of copper(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) cations with humic acids and their sodium salts in aqueous media. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translations of Zh. Priklad. Khim.) 2003, 76(12), 1962-1964.

(3564) G.-l. Li, S.-q. Wei, and S.-s. Mou. Adsorptive characteristics and influencing factors of humic acid on lead in soil. Nongye Huanjing Kexue Xuebao 2004, 23(2), 308-312.

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(3565) H. Baker and F. Khalili. Analysis of the removal of lead(II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto insolubilized humic acid: temperature and pH dependence. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 516(1-2), 179-186.

(3566) N. A. Wall and G. R. Choppin. Humic acids coagulation: influence of divalent cations. Appl. Geochem. 2003, 18(10), 1573-1582.

(3567) S. Nagasaki, T. Saito, and S. Tanaka. Influence of heterogeneity of binding sites of humic acid on its complexation with actinyl ions. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2002, (Suppl. 3), 466-472.

(3568) T. Saito, S. Nagasaki, and S. Tanaka. Molecular fluorescence spectroscopy and mixture analysis for the evaluation of the complexation between humic acid and UO2

2+. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(9-11), 545-548.

(3569) M. Bouby, Th. N. Manh, H. Geckeis, F. Scherbaum, and J. I. Kim. Characterization of aquatic colloids by a combination of LIBD and ICP-MS following the size fractionation. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(9-11), 727-732.

(3570) D. Amarasiriwardena, A. Siripinyanond, and R. M. Barnes. Flow field-flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: a resourceful method for size-based speciation and identification of trace metals complexed to humic substances and colloidal sediments. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ANYL-202.

(3571) M. G. Pereira and M. A. Z. Arruda. Vermicompost as a natural adsorbent material: characterization and potentialities for cadmium adsorption. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2003, 14(1), 39-47.

(3572) P. Gossart, A. Semmoud, B. Ouddane, and J.-P. Juvenne. Study of the interaction between humic acids and lead: exchange between Pb2+ and H+ under various chemical conditions followed by FTIR. Phys. Chem. News 2003, 9(1), 101-108.

(3573) H. Geckeis, Th. N. Manh, M. Bouby, and J. I. Kim. Aquatic colloids relevant to radionuclide migration: characterization by size fractionation and ICP-mass spectrometric detection. Colloids Surf., A 2003, 217(1-3), 101-108.

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(3574) T. Matsunaga, S. Nagao, T. Ueno, S. Takeda, H. Amano, and Yu. Tkachenko. Association of dissolved radionuclides released by the Chernobyl accident with colloidal materials in surface water. Appl. Geochem. 2004, 19(10), 1581-1599.

(3575) D. Borrok and J. B. Fein. Distribution of protons and Cd between bacterial surfaces and dissolved humic substances determined through chemical equilibrium modeling. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2004, 68(14), 3043-3052.

(3576) S. Sachs, K. Schmeide, V. Brendler, A. Kepelova, J. Mibus, G. Geipel, K.-H. Heise, and G. Bernhard. Investigation of the complexation and the migration of actinides and non-radioactive substances with humic acids under geogenic conditions. Wiss.-Techn. Ber.–Forsch. Rossendorf 2004, FZR-399, i-vi, 1-80.

(3577) O. V. Kichigin and O. A. Nosova. Potentiometric studies on stability of U(VI), Ni(II) and Sr(II) complexes with soil humic acids. Izv. Vys. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2004, 47(1), 94-96.

(3578) M. Klucakova. Humic gel as a model for study of transport of heavy metals in natural systems. CHEMagazin 2004, 14(3), 8-9.

(3579) H. Ghatak, S. K. Mukhopadhyay, T. K. Jana, B. K. Sen, and S. Sen. Interactions of Cu(II) and Fe(III) with mangal humic substances studied by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and potentiometric titration. Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 2004, 12(3), 145-155.

(3580) J.-M. Monsallier, W. Schuessler, G. Buckau, T. Rabung, J.-I. Kim, D. Jones, R. Keepax, and N. Bryan. Kinetic investigation of Eu(III)-humate interactions by ion exchange resins. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(13), 3168-3174.

(3581) J. P. Gustafsson, P. Pechova, and D. Berggren. Modeling metal binding to soils: the role of natural organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(12), 2767-2774.

(3582) E. Companys, J. Puy, M. Torrent, J. Galceran, J. Salvador, J. L. Garces, and F. Mas. Binding curve from normalized limiting currents of labile heterogeneous metal-macromolecular systems. The case of Cd/humic acid. Electroanalysis 2003, 15(5-6), 452-459.

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(3583) J.-M. Monsallier and G. R. Choppin. Influence of humic acid size on actinide complexation. Radiochim. Acta 2003, 91(3), 135-139.

(3584) L. P. C. Romao, G. R. Castro, A. H. Rosa, J. C. Rocha, P. M. Padilha, and H. C. Silva. Tangential-flow ultrafiltration: a versatile methodology for determination of complexation parameters in refractory organic matter from Brazilian water and soil samples. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 375(8), 1097-1100.

(3585) M. Haitzer, G. R. Aiken, and J. N. Ryan. Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: influence of pH and source of humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(11), 2436-2441.

(3586) E. Koczorowska and J. Slawinski. Model studies of zinc bonding with humic acid in the presence of UV-VIS-NIR radiation. Chemosphere 2003, 51(8), 693-700.

(3587) A. Saada, D. Breeze, C. Crouzet, S. Cornu, and P. Baranger. Adsorption of arsenic(V) on kaolinite and on kaolinite-humic acid complexes. Role of humic acid nitrogen groups. Chemosphere 2003, 51(8), 757-763.

(3588) H. Martyniuk, J. Wieckowska, and A. Jankowska. Sorption of SO2 on metal-humic chelate chars from brown coal. Karbo 2002, 47(12), 358-361.

(3589) J. Duan, N. J. D. Graham, and F. Wilson. Coagulation of humic acid by ferric chloride in saline (marine) water conditions. Water Sci. Technol. 2003, 47(Asia Environmental Technology 2001), 41-48.

(3590) T. J. Strathmann and S. C. B. Myneni. Speciation and complexation in aqueous Ni(II)-carboxylate and Ni(II)-humic solutions: an in situ spectroscopic study. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-224; in Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 649-655.

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(3591) H. Hsu and D. L. Sedlak. Strong Hg(II)-complexing ligands in organic matter-containing waters. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-072; in Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 632-637.

(3592) S. Nagao, N. Fujitake, H. Kodama, T. Matsunaga, and H. Yamazawa. Association of Am with humic substances isolated from river waters with different water quality. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2003, 255(3), 459-464.

(3593) A. K. Pandey, S. D. Pandey, V. Misra, and S. Devi. Role of humic acid entrapped calcium alginate beads in removal of heavy metals. J. Hazard. Mater. 2003, 98(1-3), 177-181.

(3594) A. R. Khwaja, P. Bloom, P. Brezonik, and C.-m. Lin. Binding of CH3Hg+ and Hg2+ to natural organic matter: evidence for the Hg-NOM complex and challenges in determining the complexation constant. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 628-631.

(3595) M. Nachtegaal, C. J. Jacobsen, and D. L. Sparks. X-ray microscopy and C 1s NEXAFS studies of 3d metal interactions with humic acid. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-128.

(3596) K. Geraedts, C. Bruggeman, A. Maes, L. R. Van Loon, A. Rossberg, and T. Reich. Evidence for the existence of Tc(IV)-humic substance species by x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(12), 879-884.

(3597) A. Kirishima, K. Tanaka, Y. Niibori, and O. Tochiyama. Complex formation of calcium with humic acid and polyacrylic acid. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(9-11), 555-561.

(3598) N. A. Wall, M. Borkowski, J.-F. Chen, and G. R. Choppin. Complexation of americium with humic, fulvic, and citric acids at high ionic strength. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(9-11), 563-568.

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(3599) T. Kubota, O. Tochiyama, K. Tanaka, and Y. Niibori. Complex formation of Eu(III) with humic acid and polyacrylic acid. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(9-11), 569-574.

(3600) M. A. Denecke, C. M. Marquardt, J. Rothe, K. Dardenne, and M. P. Jensen. XAFS study of actinide coordination structure in Np(IV)-fulvates. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2002, (Suppl. 3), 410-413.

(3601) T. Kubota, T. Sasaki, O. Tochiyama, and A. Kudo. Interaction of neptunium with humic acid and anaerobic bacteria. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2002, (Suppl. 3), 946-949.

(3602) A. Kaschl, V. Romheld, and Y. Chen. Cadmium binding by fractions of dissolved organic matter and humic substances from municipal solid waste compost. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(6), 1885-1892.

(3603) H. S. Lee, C. G. Kim, and T. I. Yoon. Comment on “the interaction of humic substances with cationic polyelectrolytes”. Water Res. 2003, 37(3), 715-716.

(3604) S.-K. Kam and J. Gregory. Reply to comment on the interaction of humic substances with cationic polyelectrolytes. Water Res. 2003, 37(3), 717.

(3605) J. P. Croue, M. F. Benedetti, D. Violleau, and J. A. Leenheer. Characterization and copper binding of humic and nonhumic organic matter isolated from the South Platte River: evidence for the presence of nitrogenous binding site. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(2), 328-336.

(3607) C. Donisa, R. Mocanu, and E. Steinnes. Distribution of some major and minor elements between fulvic and humic acid fractions in natural soils. Geoderma 2003, 111(1-2), 75-84.

(3608) E. Koczorowska, M. Mieloch, and J. Slawinski. Model radioisotope experiments on the influence of acid rain on 65Zn binding with humic acid. Nukleonika 2002, 47(4), 167-172.

(3663) F. Monteil-Rivera and J. Dumonceau. Fluorescence spectrometry for quantitative characterization of cobalt(II) complexation by Leonhardite humic acid. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002, 374(6), 1105-1112.

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Composition (3024) J. A. Leenheer. Analysis of non-humic components of

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(3194) M. Yang, H. Wang, P. Ning, and Y. Dai. Extracting of humic acid from swampy soil by dilute base. Huaxue Shijie 2002, 43(7), 351-353.

(3609) N. V. Yudina, A. V. Savel’eva, A. A. Ivanov, E. I. Korotkova, and O. I. Lomovskii. Catalytic properties of mechanically activated humic substances in electroreduction of oxygen. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh. Prikl. Khim.) 2004, 77(1), 46-50.

Conductiometry (3523) J. Riggle and R. von Wandruszka. Dynamic conductivity

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(3610) F. Rey, A. Gutierrez-Perera, M. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, and P. Perlo. Temperature influence on the conductiometric behaviour of solutions of acidic humic-like natural polyelectrolyte obtained from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). In Trends in Electrochemistry and Corrosion at the Beginning of the 21st Century, E. Brillas and P.-L Cabot, Eds.; Barcelona, Spain: Publicacions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2004; 499-504.

(3611) J. Riggle and R. von Wandruszka. Conductiometric characterization of dissolved humic materials. Talanta 2002, 57(3), 519-526.

Decolorization (3612) Y. Yanagi, H. Tamaki, H. Otsuka, and N. Fujitake.

Comparison of decolorization by microorganisms of humic acids with different 13C NMR properties. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2002, 34(5), 729-731.

Degradation (3613) J. Wiszniowski, D. Robert, J. Sumacz-Gorska, K. Miksch, and

J.-V. Weber. Photocatalytic decomposition of humic acids on TiO2. Part I: Discussion of adsorption and mechanism. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 2002, 152(1-3), 267-273.

(3614) A. Slepetiene and B. Butkute. Use of a multichannel photometer (Multiskan MS) for determination of humic materials in soil after their dichromate oxidation. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 375(8), 1260-1264.

(3615) D. G. Zvyagintsev, A. A. Shapovalov, Yu. G. Putsikin, A. L. Stepanov, L. V. Lysak, and M. A. Bulankina. Humic acids tolerance for microbial degradation. Vest. Moskovskogo Univ., Ser. 17: Pochvovedenie 2004, (2), 44-47.

(3616) L. Eglite, I. Rozenbaha, G. Odham, U. Jarnberg, and M. Klavins. Reductive degradation of humic substances. Latv. Kim. Z. 2003, (3), 283-291.

(3617) Y. Liu and X.-m. Wang. Ultraviolet spectra study of humic acid degradation process by sonochemistry. Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi 2003, 23(5), 930-932.

(3627) B. Chefetz, M. J. Salloum, A. P. Deshmukh, and P. G. Hatcher. Structural components of humic acids as determined by chemical modifications and carbon-13 NMR, pyrolysis-, and thermochemolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2002, 66(4), 1159-1171.

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(3679) A. Kerc, M. Bekbolet, and A. M. Saatci. Effects of oxidative treatment of techniques on molecular size distribution of humic acids. Water Sci. Technol. 2004, 49(4, Oxidation Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment III), 7-12.

Derivatization (3041) S. Sachs, M. Bubner, K. Schmeide, G. R. Choppin, K. H.

Heise, and G. Bernhard. Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic studies on chemically modified and unmodified synthetic and natural humic acids. Talanta 2002, 57(5), 999-1009.






(3448) H. Lippold, D. Rossler, and H. Kupsch. Investigations on the influence of trivalent electrolytes on complexation and adsorption of heavy metals with humic substances by means of radioactive tracers. Wissen. Ber.–Forschungs. Karlsruhe 2004, FZKA 6999, 177, 179, 181-217.

(3618) C. M. Cooke, N. J. Bailey, G. Shaw, J. N. Lester, and C. D. Collins. Interaction of formaldehyde with soil humic substances: separation by GFC and characterization by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2003, 70(4), 761-768.

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(3619) K. Franke, D. Roessler, and H. Kupsch. Use of radioactive tracers for the characterization of humic and fulvic acids in high performance size exclusion chromatography. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference and Sixth Humic Substance Seminar, E. A. Ghabbour and G. Davies, Eds.; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 3-8.

(3620) S. Li, S. Zhu, Z. Huang, M. Chu, X. Shan, and H. Peng. Synthesis and application of sodium polyacrylate/humic acid superabsorbent. Shiyou Huagong 2004, 33(3), 244-248.

(3621) K. Franke, J. T. Patt, M. Patt, D. Rossler, and H. Kupsch. 18F-labeling of humic substances. R. Soc. Chem. 2003, 291(Special Publication), 80-284.

(3622) E. Montoneri, P. Savarino, F. Adani, P. L. Genevini, G. Ricca, F. Zanetti, and S. Paoletti. Polyalkylphenylsulphonic acid with acid groups of variable strength from compost. Waste Manag. (Amerstam, Netherlands) 2003, 23(6), 523-535.

(3623) I. N. Ryabova and G. A. Mustafina. Modification of coal humic acids with formaldehyde. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh, Prikl. Khim.) 2003, 76(2), 261-263.

(3624) C. McIntyre, C. McRae, D. Jardine, and B. D. Batts. Self-esterification of fulvic acid model compounds in methanolic solvents as observed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 16(8), 785-789.

(3625) N. Hertkorn, A. Guenzi, D. Freitag, and A. Kettrup. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations of silylated refractory organic substances. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 129-145.

(3626) N. Fujitake, M. J. Strynar, T. Mishima, M. Tsukamoto, Y. Yanagi, T. Suzuki, H. Otsuka, J. Dec, and J.-M. Bollag. Optimization of a methylation procedure to obtain chloroform-soluble humic acids. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2003, 49(3), 453-457.


(3628) D. Fabbri, I. Vassura, and C. E. Snape. Simple off-line flash pyrolysis procedure with in situ silylation for the analysis of hydroxybenzenes in humic acids and coals. J. Chromatogr., A 2003, 967(2), 235-242.

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(3629) T. Lehtonen, J. Peuravuori, and K. Pihlaja. Comparison of quaternary methyl-, ethyl- and butylammonium hydroxides as alkylating reagents in pyrolysis-GC/MS studies of aquatic fulvic acid. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2003, 68-69, 315-329.

(3630) H. M. Bialk, A. J. Simpson, and J. A. Pedersen. Oxidative cross coupling of sulfonamide antimicrobial agents with surrogate humic constituents. In Abstracts of the 228th ACS National Meeting; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Chemical Society, 2004; ENVR-309; in Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 228th ACS National Meeting; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(2), 1436-1442.

(3631) K. Franke, J. T. Patt, M. Patt, H. Kupsch, and J. Steinbach. A new technique for radiolabeling of humic substances. Radiochim. Acta 2004, 92(4-6), 359-362.

(3632) V. Kampars and J. Keicberga. Thermal decomposition of alkylated humic substances. Rigas Tehn. Univ. Zinatniskie Raksti, Ser. 1: Mater. Liet. Khim. 2003, 7, 50-55.

(3711) I. Rozenbaha, G. Odham, U. Jarnberg, T. Alsberg, and M. Klavins. Characterisation of humic substances by acid catalysed transesterification. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 452(1), 105-114.

Dialysis (3169) A. dos Santos, M. O. de O. Rezende, A. H. Rosa, L. F. Zara,

and J. C. Rocha. Distribution of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb in different molecular size of humic fractions extracted from water and sediment samples collected at Anhumas Reservoir. Eclet. Quim. 2002, 27, 139-153.

(3333) M. Telscher, A. Schaeffer, and A. Hoellrigl-Rosta. Binding interactions of herbicide metabolites with clay minerals and humic acids in an aqueous system. Fresenius’ Environ. Bull. 2003, 12(6), 559-564.

(3633) X.-y. Zhang, J. W. C. Wong, and L.-x. Zhou. Changes of fractionation and spectroscopic characterization of humic substances before and after sewage sludge composting. Huanjing Huaxue 2004, 23(1), 96-101.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) (3247) J. Kucerik, J. Kovar, and M. Pekar. Thermoanalytical

investigation of lignite humic acids fractions. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2004, 76(1), 55-65.

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(3634) M. T. Dell’Abate, A. Benedetti, and P. C. Brookes. Hyphenated techniques of thermal analysis for characterisation of soil humic substances. J. Separ. Sci. 2003, 26(5), 433-440.

(3635) M. Pietro and C. Paola. Thermal analysis for the evaluation of the organic matter evolution during municipal solid waste aerobic composting process. Thermochim. Acta 2004, 413(1-2), 209-214.

(3636) R. C. DeLapp and E. J. LeBoeuf. Thermal analysis of whole soils and sediment. J. Environ. Qual. 2004, 33(1), 330-337.

Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) (3311) A. Khaiauri, Ts. Goliadze, G. Makharadze, and T.

Machaladze. Investigation of humin acids isolated from natural waters by thermal analysis. Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. 2003, 167(2), 267-269.

(3431) N. Ahmed, C. Varadachari, and K. Ghosh. Soil clay-humus complexes. II. Bridging cations and DTA studies. Austral. J. Soil Res. 2002, 40(4), 705-713.


(3637) M. Giovanela, E. Parlanti, E. J. Soriano-Sierra, M. S. Soldi, and M. M. D. Sierra. Elemental compositions, FT-IR spectra and thermal behavior of sedimentary fulvic and humic acids from aquatic and terrestrial environments. Geochem. J. 2004, 38(3), 255-264.

(3638) O. Francioso, C. Ciavatta, D. Montecchio, V. Tugnoli, S. Sanchez-Cortes, and G. Gessa. Quantitative estimation of peat, brown coal and lignite humic acids by using chemical parameters, 1H-NMR and DTA analyses. Bioresour. Technol. 2003, 88(3), 189-195.

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Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTG) (3247) J. Kucerik, J. Kovar, and M. Pekar. Thermoanalytical

investigation of lignite humic acids fractions. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2004, 76(1), 55-65.


Diffusion Coefficients (3639) J. R. Lead, K. Starchev, and K. J. Wilkinson. Diffusion

coefficients of humic substances in agarose gel and in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(3), 482-487.

(3839) M. J. Avena and K. J. Wilkinson. Disaggregation kinetics of a peat humic acid: mechanism and pH effects. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(23), 5100-5105.

Electrochemical Analysis (3321) R. Osterberg. Fractal structure and reactions of the two-

phase humic acid system. Trends Geochem. 2002, 2, 95-99. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) (3048) D. P. Dick, A. S. Mangrich, S. M. C. Menezes, and B. F.

Pereira. Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of humic acids from two South Brazilian coals of different ranks. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2002, 13(2), 177-182.

(3640) N. V. Yudina and V. I. Tikhova. Structural features of peat humic acids isolated by different methods. Khim. Rastitel. Syr. 2003, (1), 93-96.

(3641) M. Gonzales Perez, L. Martin-Neto, S. C. Saab, E. H. Novotny, D. M. B. P. Milori, V. S. Bagnato, L. A. Colnago, W. J. Melo, and H. Knicker. Characterization of humic acids from a Brazilian Oxisol under different tillage systems by EPR, 13C NMR, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Geoderma 2004, 118(3-4), 181-190.

(3642) T. Ya. Kashinskaya, A. P. Gavril’chik, N. V. Shevchenko, and V. P. Strigutskii. Mechanochemical transformations of humic substances of peat. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (1), 21-29.

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(3643) F. Ariese, S. Van Assema, C. Gooijer, A. G. Bruccoleri, and C. H. Langford. Comparison of Laurentian fulvic acid luminescence with that of the hydroquinone/quinone model system: evidence from low temperature fluorescence studies and EPR spectroscopy. Aquatic Sci. 2004, 66(1), 86-94.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR) (2980) C. J. Rhodes. Electron spin resonance (some applications for

the biological and environmental sciences). Ann. Rep. Progr. Chem. Sect. C: Phys. Chem. 2004, 100, 149-193.







(3251) T. Shinozuka and T. Yamaguchi. Reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of fulvic acid derived from weathered coal by a hot compressed water and ozone oxidation treatment. Chiba Kogyo Daigaku Kenkyu Hokoku, Riko-hen 2004, 51, 85-91.



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(3644) G.-g. Liu, G.-z. Qiu, and Y.-h. Hu. Study on spectroscopy of HA-type binder. Zhongnan Gongye Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban 2003, 34(3), 238-241.

(3645) E. H. Novotny and L. Martin-Neto. Effects of humidity and metal ions on the free radicals analysis of peat humus. Geoderma 2002, 106(3-4), 305-317.

(3646) J. Chen, B. Gu, E. J. LeBoeuf, H. Pan, and S. Dai. Spectroscopic characterization of the structural and functional properties of natural organic matter fractions. Chemosphere 2002, 48(1), 59-68.

Electrophoresis (2962) F. Alianiello. Isoelectric focusing in soil science. J. Separ.

Sci. 2003, 26(5), 387-391.

(3488) J. Mizera, P. Benes, and G. Masnerova. Electrophoretic determination of the degree of Eu complexation by humic acid: analysis and assessment of experimental error. Wiss. Ber. Forschungs. Karlsruhe 2003, FZKA 6800, 191-202.

Elemental Composition (2938) C. Steelink. Investigating humic acids in soils. Anal. Chem.

2002, 74(11), 326A-333A.





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(3434) K. G. Heumann, G. Abbt-Braun, K. Behrens, P. Burba, F. H. Frimmel, B. Jakubowski, A. Knochel, J. Mielcke, G. Radlinger, G. Marx, and J. Vogel. Element determination and its quality control in fractions of refractory organic substances and the corresponding original water samples. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 39-53.


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(3647) M. Negre, P. Leone, J. Trichet, C. Defarge, V. Boero, and M. Gennari. Characterization of model soil colloids by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Geoderma 2004, 121(1-2), 1-16.

(3648) G. Ait Baddi, M. Hafidi, V. Gilard, and J.-C. Revel. Characterization of humic acids produced during composting of olive mill wastes: elemental and spectroscopic analyses (FTIR and 13C-NMR). Agronomie 2003, 23(7), 661-666.

(3649) M. Y. Z. Aboul Eish. Characterization of humic substances using chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic techniques. Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2003, 64(2), 687.

(3650) S. Amir, M. Hafidi, G. Merlina, H. Hamdi, and J.-C. Revel. Elemental analysis, FTIR and 13C-NMR of humic acids from sewage sludge composting. Agronomie 2004, 24(1), 13-18.

(3651) P. Conte, A. Piccolo, B. van Lagen, P. Buurman, and M. A. Hemminga. Elemental quantitation of natural organic matter by CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. 2002, 21(3/4), 158-170.

(3652) G. Ait Baddi, M. Hafidi, J. Cegarra, J. A. Alburquerque, J. Gonzalvez, V. Gilard, and J.-C. Revel. Characterization of fulvic acids by elemental and spectroscopic (FTIR and 13C-NMR) analyses during composting of olive mill wastes plus straw. Bioresour. Technol. 2004, 93(3), 285-290.

(3653) L. P. Canellas, A. A. Moraes, V. M. Rumjanek, M. R. Garcia, F. Guridi, G. A. Santos, A. C. X. Velloso, and R. Braz-Filho. Structural features of humic acids isolated from soils amended with urban organic residues: an elemental composition, 13C NMR and Py-GC/MS analysis. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 2002, 26(2), 333-341.

(3790) N. O. Kovaleva and I. V. Kovalev. Peculiarities of organic matter of Fe-Mn concretions of gray forest soils (as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy). Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Ser. 17: Pochvov. 2003, (2), 23-31.

(3998) J.-H. Chen, H.-F. Tsai, and Y.-W. Lin. Evaluation of the suitability of three analysis methods for determining organic matter contents in fertilizers. Taiwan Nongye Huaxue Yu Shipin Kexue 2004, 42(2), 116-124.

Fatty Acid Content (3654) G. Jandl, H.-R. Schulten, and P. Leinweber. Quantification

of long-chain fatty acids in dissolved organic matter and soils. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2002, 165(2), 133-139.

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Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) (2996) M. Benedetti, J. F. Ranville, M. Ponthieu, and J. P. Pinheiro.

Field-flow fractionation characterization and binding properties of particulate and colloidal organic matter from the Rio Amazon and Rio Negro. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 269-279.



(3655) S. Assemi, G. Newcombe, C. Hepplewhite, and R. Beckett. Characterization of natural organic matter fractions separated by ultrafiltration using flow field-flow fractionation. Water Res. 2004, 38(6), 1467-1476.

(3656) M. J. M. Wells. Investigation of dissolved organic matter conformation/aggregation using flow field-flow fractionation. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ANYL-203.

(3657) R. L. Hartmann and S. K. R. Williams. Flow field-flow fractionation as an analytical technique to rapidly quantitate membrane fouling. J. Membr. Sci. 2002, 209(1), 93-106.

(3658) L. J. Gimbert, K. N. Andrew, P. M. Haygarth, and P. J. Worsfold. Environmental applications of flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF). TrAc, Trends Anal. Chem. 2003, 22(9), 615-633.

(3659) M.-A. Benincasa, G. Cartoni, and N. Imperia. Effects of ionic strength and electrolyte composition on the aggregation of fractionated humic substances studied by flow field-flow fractionation. J. Separ. Sci. 2002, 25(7), 405-415.

Field-Flow Fractionation–Mass Spectrometry (FFF-MS) (3570) D. Amarasiriwardena, A. Siripinyanond, and R. M. Barnes.

Flow field-flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: a resourceful method for size-based speciation and identification of trace metals complexed to humic substances and colloidal sediments. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ANYL-202.

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Flocculation (3660) S. Yu. Bratskaya, V. A. Avramenko, S. V. Sukhoverkhov, and

S. Schwarz. Flocculation of humic substances and their derivatives with chitosan. Colloid J. (Translation of Kolloid. Zh.) 2002, 64(6), 681-686.

(3661) P. Jin and X. Wang. Analysis of characteristic parameters of Fl curve for coagulation of humic acid. Huanjing Kexue Xuebao 2002, 22(4), 423-427.

Flow Injection Analysis (FIA)

(3227) J. C. A. de Wuilloud, R. G. Wuilloud, B. B. M. Sadi, and J. A. Caruso. Trace humic and fulvic acid determination in natural water by cloud point extraction/preconcentration using non-ionic and cationic surfactants with FI-UV detection. Analyst (Cambridge, United Kingdom) 2003, 128(5), 453-458.

Flow Injection Analysis-Capillary Electrophoresis (FIA-

CZE) (3662) G. D. Christian. Flow injection/capillary electrophoresis/

electroinjection–a happy marriage. In Abstracts of the 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; ANYL-123.

Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2967) I. A. Schepetkin, A. I. Khlebnikov, S. Y. Ah, S. B. Woo, C.-S.

Jeong, O. N. Klubachuk, and B. S. Kwon. Characterization and biological activities of humic substances from mumie. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(18), 5245-5254.




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(3021) W. Chen and P. K. Westerhoff. Fluorescence zone integration and its application to NOM fractions. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-048.

(3051) C. D. Clark, J. Jimenez-Morais, G. Jones, E. Zanardi-Lamardo, C. A. Moore, and R. G. Zika. A time-resolved fluorescence study of dissolved organic matter in a riverine to marine transition zone. Mar. Chem. 2002, 78(2-30, 121-135.





(3127) J. R. Fulton, D. M. McKnight, C. M. Foreman, R. M. Cory, C. Stedmon, and E. Blunt. Changes in fulvic acid redox state through the oxycline of a permanently ice-covered Antarctic lake. Aquat. Sci. 2004, 66(1), 27-46.


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(3202) A. P. Wolfe, S. S. Kaushal, J. R. Fulton, and D. M. McKnight. Spectrofluorescence of sediment humic substances and historical changes of lacustrine organic matter provenance in response to atmospheric nutrient enrichment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(15), 3217-3223.





(3242) L. T. Shirshova, T. E. Khomutova, and A. M. Ermolaev. Study of humic substances in soil by fluorescence spectroscopy. Agrokhimiya 2004, (4), 78-85.




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(3357) K. G. Karthikeyan and J. Chorover. Humic acid complexation of basic and neutral polycyclic aromatic compounds. Chemosphere 2002, 48(9), 955-964.

(3368) M. B. Muller, K. Vercammen, and F. H. Frimmel. Interactions between ofloxacin and NOM investigated by fluorescence quenching technique. V. Wass. 2003, 100, 85-98.

(3379) C. Kontas and M. A. Nanny. Fluorescent spectroscopic analysis of non-covalent interactions between dissolved humic and fulvic acids and 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 528-531.



(3415) Y. Laor and M. Rebhun. Evidence for nonlinear binding of PAHs to dissolved humic acids. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(5), 955-961.

(3424) Y. Takahashi, T. Kimura, and Y. Minai. Direct observation of Cm(III)-fulvate species on fulvic acid-montmorillonite hybrid by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2002, 66(1), 1-12.


(3436) H. Ghatak, S. K. Mukhopadhyay, H. Biswas, S. Sen, and T. K. Jana. Qualitative study of Co(II) complexation by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy with Sundarban mangrove habitat humic substances. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 2002, 31(2), 136-140.

(3462) P. Jin and X. Wang. Characteristics of copolymerization and complexation reaction of humic acid-aluminum salts. Zhongguo Jishui Paishui 2004, 20(1), 40-43.

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(3493) E. M. Larrivee, K. M. Elkins, S. E. Andrews, and D. J. Nelson. Fluorescence characterization of the interaction of Al3+ and Pd2+ with Suwannee River fulvic acid in the absence and presence of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2003, 97(1), 32-45.

(3508) D. K. Ryan and H. D. Hays. Changes in the natural fluorescence of fulvic acid caused by the binding of Al(III): can fluorescence quenching and fluorescence enhancement occur simultaneously? In Book of Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-010.


(3545) M. R. Provenzano, V. D’Orazio, M. Jerzykiewicz, and N. Senesi. Fluorescence behavior of Zn and Ni complexes of humic acids from different sources. Chemosphere 2004, 55(6), 885-892.

(3567) S. Nagasaki, T. Saito, and S. Tanaka. Influence of heterogeneity of binding sites of humic acid on its complexation with actinyl ions. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2002, (Suppl. 3), 466-472.

(3568) T. Saito, S. Nagasaki, and S. Tanaka. Molecular fluorescence spectroscopy and mixture analysis for the evaluation of the complexation between humic acid and UO2

2+. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(9-11), 545-548.



(3639) J. R. Lead, K. Starchev, and K. J. Wilkinson. Diffusion coefficients of humic substances in agarose gel and in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(3), 482-487.


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(3663) F. Monteil-Rivera and J. Dumonceau. Fluorescence spectrometry for quantitative characterization of cobalt(II) complexation by Leonhardite humic acid. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002, 374(6), 1105-1112.

(3664) P.-q. Fu, G.-q. Liu, Z.-y. Yin, and F.-c. Wu. Characterization of humic acid by three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. Diqiu Huaxue 2004, 33(3), 301-308.

(3665) I. V. Sokolova, O. N. Tchaikovskaya, and A. A. Beginina. Spectral-luminescent properties of humic acids. Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2004, 17(2-3), 211-214.

(3666) C. Moulin. On the use of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TRLIF) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) for speciation studies. Radiochim. Acta 2003, 91(11), 651-657.

(3667) J. J. Alberts and M. Takacs. Total luminescence spectra of IHSS standard and reference fulvic acids, humic acids and natural organic matter: comparison of aquatic and terrestrial source terms. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(3), 243-256.

(3668) R. M. B. O. Duarte, E. B. H. Santos, and A. C. Duarte. Spectroscopic characteristics of ultrafiltration fractions of fulvic and humic acids isolated from an Eucalyptus bleached Kraft pulp mill effluent. Water Res. 2003, 37(17), 4073-4080.

(3669) M. U. Kumke and F. H. Frimmel. Stationary and time-resolved fluorescence for refractory organic substances characterization. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 215-231.

(3670) L. Klapper, D. M. McKnight, J. R. Fulton, E. L. Blunt-Harris, K. P. Nevin, D. R. Lovley, and P. G. Hatcher. Fulvic acid oxidation state detection using fluorescence spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(14), 3170-3175.

(3671) W. Chen, P. Westerhoff, J. A. Leenheer, and K. Booksh. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(24), 5701-5710.

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(3672) W. Chen and P. K. Westerhoff. Fluorescence zone integration and its application to NOM fractions. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 532-536.

(3673) S. Nagao, T. Matsunaga, Y. Suzuki, T. Ueno, and H. Amano. Characteristics of humic substances in the Kuji River waters as determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography with fluorescence detection. Water Res. 2003, 37(17), 4159-4170.

(3727) J. J. Alberts and M. Takacs. Comparison of the natural fluorescence distribution among size fractions of terrestrial fulvic and humic acids and aquatic natural organic matter. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(10), 1141-1149.


Fractionation (2967) I. A. Schepetkin, A. I Khlebnikov, S. Y. Ah, S. B. Woo, C.-S.

Jeong, O. N. Klubachuk, and B. S. Kwon. Characterization and biological activities of humic substances from Mumie. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(18), 5245-5254.


(2984) O. Trubetskaya, O. Trubetskoj, G. Guyot, F. Andreux, and C. Richard. Fluorescence of soil humic acids and their fractions obtained by tandem size exclusion chromatography-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 213-220.



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(2999) A. G. Zavarzina, V. V. Demin, T. I. Nifant’eva, V. M. Shkinev, T. V. Danilova, and B. Ya. Spivakov. Extraction of humic acids and their fractions in poly(ethylene glycol)-based aqueous biphasic systems. Anal Chim. Acta 2002, 452(1), 95-103.



(3015) J. Song, P. Peng, and W. Huang. Black carbon and kerogen in soils and sediments. 1. Quantification and characterization. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(18), 3960-3967.






(3138) R. G. Qualls. Biodegradability of humic substances and other fractions of decomposing leaf litter. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2004, 68(5), 1705-1712.


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(3159) G. Certini, G. Corti, and M. J. F. Sanjurjo. Comparison of two soil organic matter extractants and determination of the “Walkley-Black” correction factors for organic fractions from a volcanic soil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2002, 33(5&6), 685-693.

(3167) A. Watanabe. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances in Japan. 2. Extraction and fractionation of humic substances. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(6), 797-802.





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(3203) Y. Laor and Y. Avnimelech. Fractionation of compost-derived dissolved organic matter by flocculation process. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 257-263.





(3226) V. V. Maryganova and N. N. Bambalov. Effect of the type of extractant on the structure of humic acids recovered from peat. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (1), 3-10.

(3229) L. Li, R. Yong, J.-m. Fu, G.-y. Sheng, and P.-a. Peng. Structural compositions of humic acids fractionated by tangential flow filtration. Diqiu Huaxue 2004, 33(4), 387-394.



(3239) V. I. Filon. The study of humic substances subjected to the direct impact of mineral fertilizers. Agrokhimiya 2004, (8), 61-65.


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(3410) S. J. Parikh, J. Chorover, and W. D. Burgos. Interaction of phenanthrene and its primary metabolite (1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid) with estuarine sediments and humic fractions. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2004, 72(1-4), 1-22.


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(3534) K. Wrobel, B. B. M. Sadi, Kat. Wrobel, J. R. Castillo, and J. A. Caruso. Effect of metal ions on the molecular weight distribution of humic substances derived from municipal compost: ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography with spectrophotometric and inductively coupled plasma-MS detection. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(4), 761-767.



(3611) J. Riggle and R. von Wandruszka. Conductiometric characterization of dissolved humic materials. Talanta 2002, 57(3), 519-526.




(3654) G. Jandl, H.-R. Schulten, and P. Leinweber. Quantification of long-chain fatty acids in dissolved organic matter and soils. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2002, 165(2), 133-139.


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(3672) W. Chen and P. K. Westerhoff. Fluorescence zone integration and its application to NOM fractions. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 532-536.


(3675) C. Keeler and G. E. Maciel. Quantitation in the solid-state 13C NMR analysis of soil and organic soil fractions. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(10), 2421-2432.

(3676) D. A. N. Ussiri and C. E. Johnson. Characterization of organic matter in a northern hardwood forest soil by 13C NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods. Geoderma 2003, 111(1-2), 123-149.

(3677) T. Reemtsma and A. These. On-line coupling of size exclusion chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of aquatic fulvic and humic acids. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(6), 1500-1507.

(3678) I. A. Schepetkin, O. N. Klubachuk, A. I. Khlebnikov, and B. S. Kwon. Mumie constituents and their biological activity: modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of macrophages. In Proceedings of KORUS-2002, the 6th Russian-Korean International Symposium on Science and Technology; Novosibirsk, Russian Federation: Novosibirsk State Technical University, 2002; 486-489.


(3680) F. Adani and G. Ricca. The contribution of alkali soluble (humic acid-like) and unhydrolyzed-alkali soluble (core-humic acid-like) fractions extracted from maize plant to the formation of soil humic acid. Chemosphere 2004, 56(1), 13-22.

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(3681) J. A. Bird, C. van Kessel, and W. R. Horwath. Nitrogen dynamics in humic fractions under alternative straw management in temperate rice. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2002, 66(2), 478-488.

(3682) N. Mahieu, D. C. Olk, and E. W. Randall. Multinuclear magnetic resonance analysis of two humic acid fractions from lowland rice soils. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(2), 421-430.

(3683) O. Francioso, S. Sanchez-Cortes, D. Casarini, J. V. Garcia-Ramos, C. Ciavatta, and C. Gessa. Spectroscopic study of humic acids fractionated by means of tangential ultrafiltration. J. Mol. Struct. 2002, 609(1-3), 137-147.

(3684) X. Y. Dai, C. L. Ping, and G. J. Michaelson. Characterizing soil organic matter in Arctic tundra soils by different analytical approaches. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(4), 407-419.

(3685) S. L. Phillips and S. V. Olesik. Initial characterization of humic acids using liquid chromatography at the critical condition followed by size-exclusion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(20), 5544-5553.

(3686) P. Conte, R. Spaccini, and A. Piccolo. Distribution of a 13C-labeled hydrophobic tracer over humic fractions of different size and composition. Fresenius’ Environ. Bull. 2004, 13(3b), 238-243.

(3687) J. Hur and M. A. Schlautman. Molecular weight fractionation of humic substances by adsorption onto minerals. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003, 264(2), 313-321.

(3688) A. Piccolo and M. Spiteller. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of terrestrial humic substances and their size fractions. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 377(6), 1047-1059.

(3689) A. J. Simpson, W. L. Kingery, M. H. B. Hayes, M. Spraul, E. Humpfer, P. Dvortsak, R. Kerssebaum, M. Godejohann, and M. Hofmann. Molecular structures and associations of humic substances in the terrestrial environment. Naturwissenschaften 2002, 89(2), 84-88.

(3690) L. Li, W. Huang, P. Peng, G. Sheng, and J. Fu. Chemical and molecular heterogeneity of humic acids repetitively extracted from a peat. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2003, 67(3), 740-746.

(3691) M. Khalaf, S. D. Kohl, E, Klumpp, J. A. Rice, and E. Tombacz. Comparison of sorption domains in molecular weight fractions of a soil humic acid using solid-state 19F NMR. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(13), 2855-2860.

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(3692) A. I. Schaefer, R. Mauch, T. D. Waite, and A. G. Fane. Charge effects in the fractionation of natural organics using ultrafiltration. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(12), 2572-2580.

(3693) R. L. Cook, D. D. McIntyre, C. H. Langford, and H. J. Vogel. A comprehensive liquid-state heteronuclear and multidimensional NMR study of Laurentian fulvic acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(17), 3935-3944.

(3694) A. A. Herod, Y. Zhuo, and R. Kandiyoti. Size-exclusion chromatography of large molecules from coal liquids, petroleum residues, soots, biomass tars and humic substances. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 2003, 56(1-3), 335-361.

(3695) G. Haberhauer, B. Temmel, and M. H. Gerzabek. Influence of dissolved humic substances on the leaching of MCPA in a soil column experiment. Chemosphere 2002, 46(4), 495-499.

(3696) A. Imai, T. Fukushima, K. Matsushige, Y.-H. Kim, and K. Choi. Characterization of dissolved organic matter in effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Water Res. 2002, 36(4), 859-870.

(3697) W. P. Johnson, G. Bao, and W. W. John. Specific UV absorbance of Aldrich humic acid: changes during transport in aquifer sediment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(4), 608-616.

(3698) A. Piccolo, P. Conte, E. Trivellone, B. van Lagen, and P. Buurman. Reduced heterogeneity of a lignite humic acid by preparative HPSEC following interaction with an organic acid. Characterization of size-separates by Py-GC-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(1), 76-84.

(3699) F. C. Wu, R. D. Evans, and P. J. Dillon. High-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation and characterization of fulvic acid. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 464(1), 47-55.

(3700) U. Lankes and H.-D. Luedermann. Structural characterization of refractory organic substances by solid-state high-resolution 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 96-114.

(3701) V. V. Dobrovols’skii, L. A. Kodina, and L. V. Aleshchukin. Fractional composition of soil humic acids and 13C distribution in fractions. Geokhimiya 2004, (7), 785-791.

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(3702) P. Tinoco, G. Almendros, F. J. Gonzalez-Vila, U. Lankes, and H.-D. Luedermann. Analysis of carbon and nitrogen forms in soil fractions after the addition of 15N-compost by 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52(17), 5412-5417.

(3703) J. Hur and M. A. Schlautman. Effects of pH and phosphate on the adsorptive fractionation of purified Aldrich humic acid on kaolinite and hematite. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2004, 277(2), 264-270.

(3704) N. B. Ve, D. C. Olk, and K. G. Cassman. Nitrogen mineralization from humic acid fractions in rice soils depends on degree of humification. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2004, 68(4), 1278-1284.

(3705) G. Prasai, Y. Fujikawa, T. Hamasaki, R. Imada, H. Ozaki, and M. Sugahara. Diagnosis of DOM based on the biodegradability and potential mutagenicity. Development and application of a novel fractionation scheme. Kankyo Eisei Kogaku Kenkyu 2004, 18(3), 192-197.


Free Radical Content (3205) M. Jerzykiewicz, A. Jezierski, F. Czechowski, and J. Drozd.

Influence of metal ions binding on free radical concentration in humic acids. A quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance study. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 265-268.

(3645) E. H. Novotny and L. Martin-Neto. Effects of humidity and metal ions on the free radicals analysis of peat humus. Geoderma 2002, 106(3-4), 305-317.

Free Radical Scavenging by (3706) J.-i Ueda, N. Ikota, T. Shinozuka, and T. Yamaguchi.

Reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of a new compound derived from weathered coal. Spectrochim. Acta A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2004, 60A(11), 2487-2492.

Functional Group Analysis (2975) M. Fukushima. Functionalities of humic substances serving

as carrier and pool of pollutants. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 82-85.

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(3707) V. V. Platonov, D. S. Nikolaev, V. G. Sakharovskii, V. A. Proskuryakov, and S. G. Nikolaev. High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy of organic matter of carbonate-chara sapropel. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh. Prikl. Khim.) 2002, 75(12), 2021-2026.

(3708) J. B. Jahnel, T. Brinkmann, G. Abbt-Braun, and F. H. Frimmel. Occurrence of amino acids, carbohydrates, and low-molecular-weight organic acids in refractory organic substances. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 264-281.

(3709) K. Ikeya, S. Yamamoto, and A. Watanabe. Semiquantitative GC/MS analysis of thermochemolysis products of soil humic acids with various degrees of humification. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(5), 583-594.

Gas Chromatography (GC) (3317) X. Song and S. O. Farwell. Pyrolysis gas chromatography

atomic emission detection method for determination of N-containing components of humic and fulvic acids. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2004, 71(2), 901-915.


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(3710) V. E. Andrus, M. A. Nanny, and R. P. Philip. Humate-enhanced remediation of crude-oil-contaminated surface soils: adsorption studies and microcosm results. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-183.


Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) (2986) M. A. Olivella, J. C. del Rio, J. Palacios, M. A.

Vairavamurthy, and F. X. C. de las Heras. Characterization of humic acid from leonardite coal: an integrated study of PY-GC-MS, XPS and XANES techniques. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2002, 63(1), 59-68.

(2991) A. Demirbas. Humic acid derivatives (HAD) from low rank Turkish brown coals. Energ. Sources 2002, 24(2), 127-133.

(3004) D. C. Olk, M. C. Dancel, E. Moscoso, R. R. Jimenez, and F. M. Dayrit. Accumulation of lignin residues in organic matter fractions of lowland rice soils: a pyrolysis-GC-MS study. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(9), 590-606.






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(3162) J. Peuravuori, T. Lehtonen, and K. Pihlaja. Sorption of aquatic humic matter by DAX-8 and XAD-8 resins. Comparative study using pyrolysis gas chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 471(2), 219-226.









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(3307) D. Sen, E. Lichtfouse, and A. Mariotti. Mild hydrolysis and alcohol compound of humic acid. II. Alcohol in hydrolyzed product of humic acid. Turang Tongbao 2002, 33(1), 17-20.

(3352) T. W.-M. Fan, A. N. Lane, E. Chekmenev, R. J. Wittebort, and R. M. Higashi. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of peptides in soil humic substances. J. Pept. Res. 2004, 63(3), 253-264.


(3629) T. Lehtonen, J. Peuravuori, and K. Pihlaja. Comparison of quaternary methyl-, ethyl- and butylammonium hydroxides as alkylating reagents in pyrolysis-GC/MS studies of aquatic fulvic acid. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2003, 68-69, 315-329.


(3654) G. Jandl, H.-R. Schulten, and P. Leinweber. Quantification of long-chain fatty acids in dissolved organic matter and soils. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2002, 165(2), 133-139.

(3684) X. Y. Dai, C. L. Ping, and G. J. Michaelson. Characterizing soil organic matter in Arctic tundra soils by different analytical approaches. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(4), 407-419.

(3698) A. Piccolo, P. Conte, E. Trivellone, B. van Lagen, and P. Buurman. Reduced heterogeneity of a lignite humic acid by preparative HPSEC following interaction with an organic acid. Characterization of size-separates by Pyr-GC-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(1), 76-84.



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(3712) H.-R. Schulten, P. Leinweber, and G. Jandl. Analytical pyrolysis of humic substances and dissolved organic matter in water. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 163-187.

(3713) G. I. Ivanova and E. W. Randall. 13C NMR and mass spectrometry of soil organic matter. Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 2003, 1(1), 10-26.

Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) (2964) N. Fujitake. Recent trend and view of studies on humic

substances in Japan. 3. Techniques for humic substances analysis and prospective techniques in the future. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2003, 74(2), 223-228.





(3103) P. Lochovsky. Occurrence and composition of humic substances in waters of the catchment area of the Flaje Reservoir. Vodohosp. Techn.-Ekon. Inform. 2003, 45(3), 3-7; Vodni Hospod. 2003, 53(10).


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(3231) T. J. Whelan, G. S. K. Kannangara, and M. A. Wilson. Increased resolution in high-performance liquid chromatograph spectra of high-molecular-weight organic components of Bayer liquors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42(26), 6673-6681.




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(3621) K. Franke, J. T. Patt, M. Patt, D. Rossler, and H. Kupsch. 18F-labeling of humic substances. R. Soc. Chem. 2003, 291(Special Publication), 80-284.


(3660) S. Yu. Bratskaya, V. A. Avramenko, S. V. Sukhoverkhov, and S. Schwarz. Flocculation of humic substances and their derivatives with chitosan. Colloid J. (Translation of Kolloid. Zh.) 2002, 64(6), 681-686.

(3673) S. Nagao, T. Matsunaga, Y. Suzuki, T. Ueno, and H. Amano. Characteristics of humic substances in the Kuji River waters as determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography with fluorescence detection. Water Res. 2003, 37(17), 4159-4170.






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(3714) A. Piccolo, P. Conte, R. Spaccini, and M. Chiarella. Effects of some dicarboxylic acids on the association of dissolved humic substances. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2003, 37(4), 255-259.

(3715) I. V. Perminova, F. H. Frimmel, A. V. Kudryavtsev, N. A. Kulikova, G. Abbt-Braun, S. Hesse, and V. S. Petrosyan. Molecular weight characteristics of humic substances from different environments as determined by size exclusion chromatography and their statistical evaluation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(11), 2477-2485.

(3716) R. Rausa, E. Mazzolari, and V. Calemma. Determination of molecular size distributions of humic acids by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1991, 541, 419-429.

(3717) K. Yonebayashi and T. Hattori. Surface active properties of soil humic acids. Sci. Total Environ. 1987, 62, 55-64.

(3718) P. Conte and A. Piccolo. Effect of concentration on the self-assembling of dissolved humic substances. Devel. Soil Sci. 2002, 28A(Soil Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health), 409-417.

(3719) T. Jug and M. Franko. Photochemical transformations of humic substances. In Slovenski Kemijski Dnevi; Maribor, Slovenia: Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za Kemijo in Kemijsko Tehnologijo, 2003; 561-567.

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(3720) P. A. Maurice, M. Manecki, J. B. Fein, and J. Schaefer. Fractionation of an aquatic fulvic acid upon adsorption to the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. Geomicrobiol. J. 2004, 21(2), 69-78.

(3721) G. Gonzalez-Gaitano and J. Garcia-Mina. The macromolecular or supramolecular nature of humic substances: a synamic light scattering study. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials–Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference of the International Humic Substances Society and the 6th Humic Substances Seminar, E. A. Ghabbour and G. Davies, Eds.; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002; 53-59.

(3722) T. Brinkmann, D. Sartorius, and F. H. Frimmel. Photobleaching of humic rich dissolved organic matter. Aquat. Sci. 2003, 65(4), 415-424.

(3723) P. Janos and V. Tokarova. Characterization of coal-derived humic substances with the aid of low-pressure gel permeation chromatography. Fuel 2002, 81(8), 1025-1031.

(3724) J. J. Alberts, M. Takacs, and P. K. Egeberg. Total luminescence spectral characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) size fractions as defined by ultrafiltration and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(7), 817-828.

(3725) M. Spiteller, U. Klaus, and T. Pfeifer. Characterization of refractory organic substances by HPLC/MS. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 188-199.

(3726) G. A. Baddi, M. Hafidi, A. Ouatmane, and J.-C. Revel. Characterization of humic acids extracted from olive oil composted water on Sephadex gel. Agrochimica 2004, 48(1-2), 13-24.


(3728) E. Hoque, M. Wolf, G. Teichmann, E. Peller, W. Schimmack, and G. Buckau. Influence of ionic strength and organic modifier concentrations on characterization of aquatic fulvic and humic acids by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, (1-2), 97-105.

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Gel-Permeation Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GPC-MS)

(3360) H. Yamada, I. Hisamori, and K. Yonebayashi. Identification of organically bound iodine in soil humic substances by size exclusion chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC/ICP-MS). Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2002, 48(3), 379-385.



(3729) A. These and T. Reemtsma. Limitations of electrospray ionization of fulvic and humic acids as visible from size exclusion chromatography with organic carbon and mass spectrometric detection. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(22), 6275-6281.

(3748) N. Her, G. Amy, D. Foss, and J. Cho. Variations of molecular weight estimation by HP-size exclusion chromatography with UVA versus online DOC detection. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(15), 3393-3399.

Gel-Permeation Chromatography-Polyacrylamide Gel

Electrophoresis (GPC-PAGE) (2984) O. Trubetskaya, O. Trubetskoj, G. Guyot, F. Andreux, and C.

Richard. Fluorescence of soil humic acids and their fractions obtained by tandem exclusion chromatography-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 213-220.


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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2982) F. C. Wu, R. D. Evans, and P. J. Dillon. Fractionation and

characterization of fulvic acid by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 452(1), 85-93.











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(3221a) T. J. Whelan, G. S. K. Kannangara, and M. A. Wilson. Increased resolution in high-performance liquid chromatograph spectra of high-molecular-weight organic components of Bayer liquors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42(26), 6673-6681.




(3359) N. A. Kulikova and I. V. Perminova. Binding of atrazine to humic substances from soil, peat, and coal related to their structure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(17), 3720-3724.

(3613) J. Wiszniowski, D. Robert, J. Sumacz-Gorska, K. Miksch, and J.-V. Weber. Photocatalytic decomposition of humic acids on TiO2. Part I: Discussion of adsorption and mechanism. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 2002, 152(1-3), 267-273.






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(3730) S. V. Olesik, S. Phillips, and M. Stegemiller. Liquid chromatography at the critical condition using aqueous-based mobile phases. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ANYL-189.

(3731) S. Phillips and S. V. Olesik. Fundamental studies of liquid chromatography at the critical condition using enhanced-fluidity liquids. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(4), 799-808.

(3732) P.-k. Jin and X.-c. Wang. Study on ozonation of aquatic humic substances. Huanjing Huaxue 2002, 21(3), 259-263.

(3733) M. Hutta and R. Gora. Novel stepwise gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography separations of humic substances, air particulate humic-like substances and lignins. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 1012(1), 67-79.

(3734) S. V. Olesik and J. Park. In Book of Abstracts, 36th Central Regional Meeting of the ACS; Indianapolis, Indiana: American Chemical Society, 2004; INV-053.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass

Spectrometry(HPLC–MS) (2970) C. Zweiner and F. H. Frimmel. LC-MS analysis in the

aquatic environment and in water treatment–a critical review. Part I: instrumentation and general aspects of analysis and detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378(4), 851-861.

(2971) C. Zweiner and F. H. Frimmel. LC-MS analysis in the aquatic environment and in water treatment–a critical review. Part II: applications for emerging contaminants and related pollutants, microorganisms and humic acids. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378(4), 862-874.



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Immobilization (3443) C. Barbot, K. Czerwinski, G. Buckau, J. I. Kim, V. Moulin,

M. Vial, J. Pieri, J.-P. Durand, and F. Goudard. Characterization of a humic gel synthesized from an activated epoxy silica gel. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(4), 211-218.

(3489) G. Szabo, J. Guczi, T. Miyajima, and R. A. Bulman. Preliminary results for determination of conditional stability constant for Pu(IV)-humate using immobilized humic acid on silica gel. Wiss. Ber. Forschungs. Karlsruhe 2003, FZKA 6800, 203-213.

(3735) A. G. S. Prado, J. A. A. Sales, and C. Airoldi. The increased thermal stability associated with humic acid anchored onto silica gel. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2002, 70(1), 191-197.

(3736) M. Klavins and L. Eglite. Immobilisation of humic substances. Colloids Surf. A 2002, 203(1-3), 47-54.

(3737) A. G. S. Prado, B. S. Miranda, and J. A. Dias. Attachment of two distinct humic acids onto a silica gel surface. Colloids Surf. A 2004, 242(1-3), 137-143.

Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) (3507) J. C. Rocha, A. H. Rosa, J. Van den Bergh, and P. Burba.

Characterization of humic-rich hydrocolloids and their metal species by means of competing ligand and metal exchange–an on-site approach. J. Environ. Monit. 2002, 4(5), 799-802.

Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy–Mass

Spectrometry (ICP–MS) (3512) E. Casartelli, A. Evelton, and N. Miekeley. Determination of

thorium and light rare-earth elements in soil water and its high molecular mass organic fractions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and on-line-coupled size-exclusion chromatography. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 377(1), 58-64.

Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy–Optical

Emission Spectroscopy (ICP–OES) (3536) G. de la Rosa, J. R. Peralta-Videa, and J. L. Gardea-

Torresdey. Utilization of ICP/OES for the determination of trace metal binding to different humic fractions. J. Hazard. Mater. 2003, 97(1-3), 207-218.

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Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) (2967) I. A. Schepetkin, A. I. Khlebnikov, S. Y. Ah, S. B. Woo, C.-S.











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(3130) E. Smidt, E. Binner, and P. Lechner. Humic acid formation in composts–the role of microbial activity. In Proceedings of the 2004 European Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology (ESEB), W. Verstraete, Ed.; Lisse, the Netherlands: Balkema, 2004; 143-146.



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(3157) M. Mecozzi, M. Amici, G. Romanelli, E. Pietrantonio, and A. Deluca. Ultrasound extraction and thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis of the lipid fraction in marine mucilage samples. J. Chromatogr. A 2002, 963(1-2), 363-373.



(3165) N. Zh. Gizatulina, G. O. Nurgalieva, A. M. Oshakbaeva, G. T. Omarova, and U. Zh. Dzhusipbekov. IR-spectroscopic study of humic substances extracted from Oi-Karagai lignites. Izv. Minist. Obraz. Nauk. Resp. Kazakhstan Nats. Akad Nauk Resp. Kazakhstan Ser. Khim. 2002, (5), 44-46.








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(3451) L. M. Hinkle and K. S. McCain. pH dependent humic acid/metal binding equilibria investigated by ATR-FTIR. In Book of Abstracts, 60th Southwest Regional ACS Meeting; Fort Worth, Texas: American Chemical Society, 2004; SEPT04-350.


(3531) P. Gossart, A. Semmoud, C. Ruckebusch, and J.-P. Huvenne. Multivariate curve resolution applied to Fourier transform infrared spectra of macromolecules: structural characterization of the acid form and the salt form of humic acids in interaction with lead. Anal. Chim. Acta 2003, 477(2), 201-209.

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(3572) P. Gossart, A. Semmoud, B. Ouddane, and J.-P. Juvenne. Study of the interaction between humic acids and lead: exchange between Pb2+ and H+ under various chemical conditions followed by FTIR. Phys. Chem. News 2003, 9(1), 101-108.

(3613) J. Wiszniowski, D. Robert, J. Sumacz-Gorska, K. Miksch, and J.-V. Weber. Photocatalytic decomposition of humic acids on TiO2. Part I: Discussion of adsorption and mechanism. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 2002, 152(1-3), 267-273.







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(3738) T. Maekawa, N. Sugiura, and Y.,-s. Chang. The method of measuring concentrations of dissolved and suspended matter in water by near infrared spectroscopy. JP 2003-075,341 September 4, 2001).

(3739) M. J. Blesa, J. L. Miranda, M. T. Izquierdo, and R. Moliner. Study of the curing temperature effect on binders for smokeless briquettes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Vibr. Spectrosc. 2003, 31(1), 81-87.

(3740) S. B. Johnson, T. H. Yoon, and G. E. Brown. ATR-FTIR and macroscopic investigation of humic acid adsorption on goethite. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEOC-164.

(3741) K. Masuda, T. Haramaki, T. Otsuka, and S. Nakashima. In-situ heating UV and ATR-IR spectroscopy for kinetic behaviours of dissolved organic matter. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEOC-182.

(3742) T. Otsuka and S. Nakashima. Long-path gas cell FT-IR spectroscopy for volatile organics from thermal decomposition of dissolved organic matter. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEOC-096.

(3743) M. J. Blesa, J. L. Miranda, M. T. Izquierdo, and R. Moliner. Micro-FTIR study of the blend of humates with calcium hydroxide used to prepare smokeless fuel briquettes. Vibr. Spectrosc. 2003, 33(1-2), 31-35.

(3744) L. Tremblay and J.-P. Gagne. Fast quantification of humic substances and organic matter by direct analysis of sediments using DRIFT spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(13), 2985-2993.

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(3745) S. A. Antsiferova and V. G. Samoilov. Qualitative characteristics and quantitative analysis of humic acids from oxidized brown coal. Khim. Tekhnol. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2002, (2), 35-38.

(3746) P. O. Oviasogie and N. O. Aisueni. Selected spectroscopic characteristics of humic acids from compost and soil supporting oil palms. Int. J. Chem. 2004, 14(2), 85-91.

(3747) C.-W. Chang and D. A. Laird. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic analysis of soil C and N. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(2), 110-116.

Ion Exchange Chromatography


Light Scattering (3721) G. Gonzalez-Gaitano and J. Garcia-Mina. The

macromolecular or supramolecular nature of humic substances: a synamic light scattering study. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials–Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference of the International Humic Substances Society and the 6th Humic Substances Seminar, E. A. Ghabbour and G. Davies, Eds.; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002; 53-59.

Lipid Content (3137) K. Quenea, S. Derenne, C. Largeau, C. Rumpel, and A.

Mariotti. Variation in lipid relative abundance and composition among different particle size fractions of a forest soil. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(11-12), 1355-1370.

(3233) G. Chilom and J. A. Rice. Crystalline components in the lipid fraction of natural organic matter. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(2), 165-168. In Book of Abstracts, 228th ACS National Meeting; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Chemical Society, 2004; ENVR-235.

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Luminescence Spectroscopy (3291) A. Paul, S. Hackbarth, R. D. Vogt, B. Roeder, B. K. Burnison,

and C. E. W. Steinberg. Photogeneration of singlet oxygen by humic substances: comparison of humic substances of aquatic and terrestrial origin. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2004, 3(3), 273-280.





(3749) J. J. Alberts and M. Takacs. Total luminescence spectra of IHSS standard and reference fulvic acids, humic acids and natural organic matter: comparison of aquatic and terrestrial source terms. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(3), 243-256.

(3750) I. Milczarek, A. Jaskowska, and D. Golebiowska. Influence of humic acids (HA), DCMU, and light on the ultraweak luminescence (UL) of Characeae cells. Electron. J. Pol. Agric. Univ. 2003, 6(2).

(3751) R. Del Vecchio and N. V. Blough. On the origin of the optical properties of humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(14), 3885-3891.

(3834) N. L. Lavrik. Study of polydispersion properties of humic acid molecules using luminescence spectroscopy. Khim. Inter. Ustoich. Razvit. 2003, 11(5), 751-753.

Mass Spectrometry (MS) (2945) E. B. Kujawinski. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform

ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESQ FT-ICR MS): characterization of complex environmental mixtures. Environ. Forens. 2002, 3(3/4), 207-216.

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(2964) N. Fujitake. Recent trend and view of studies on humic substances in Japan. 3. Techniques for humic substances analysis and prospective techniques in the future. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2003, 74(2), 223-228.

(2994) E. B. Kujawinski, P. G. Hatcher, and M. A. Freitas. High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of humic and fulvic acids: improvements and comparisons. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(2), 413-419.








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(3614) A. Slepetiene and B. Butkute. Use of a multichannel photometer (Multiskan MS) for determination of humic materials in soil after their dichromate oxidation. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 375(8), 1260-1264.

(3624) C. McIntyre, C. McRae, D. Jardine, and B. D. Batts. Self-esterification of fulvic acid model compounds in methanolic solvents as observed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 16(8), 785-789.


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(3666) C. Moulin. On the use of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TRLIF) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) for speciation studies. Radiochim. Acta 2003, 91(11), 651-657.





(3752) A. Stenson and W. T. Cooper. Sources and extent of alteration of aquatic humic substances from individual molecular formulas. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-116.

(3753) R. W. Kramer, E. B. Kujawinski, and P. G. Hatcher. Identification of black carbon derived structures in a volcanic ash soil humic acid by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(12), 3387-3395.

(3754) I. Ferrer, E. T. Furlong, J. A. Leenheer, C. E. Rostad, and G. R. Aiken. Analysis of humic and fulvic acids by electrospray/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-033.

(3755) W. T. Cooper, A. Stenson, and A. G. Marshall. Identification of individual humic molecules by electrospray ionization and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-034.

(3766) A. C. Stenson. The characterization of humic substances through electrospray ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Diss. Abstr. Int. B 2002, 63(12), 5815.

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(3767) E. B. Kujawinski, M. A. Freitas, X. Zang, P. G. Hatcher, K. B. Green-Church, and R. B. Jones. The application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) to the structural characterization of natural organic matter. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 171-180.

(3768) A. C. Stenson, W. M. Landing, A. G. Marshall, and W. T. Cooper. Ionization and fragmentation of humic substances in electrospray ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(17), 4397-4409.

(3769) I. Ferrer, E. T. Furlong, C. E. Rostad, J. A. Leenheer, and G. R. Aiken. Analysis of humic and fulvic acids by electrospray/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 496-498.

(3770) W. T. Cooper, A. Stenson, and A. G. Marshall. Identification of individual humic molecules by electrospray ionization and high-field ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 499-504.

(3771) K. Stuttaford, J. Carey, and M. Alaee. Deconvolution of esi-ms spectra of high molecular weight humic material from Canadian surface waters. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 505-508.

Mobility (3285) H. Lippold, D. Reossler, and H. Kupsch. Comparative

investigations on hydrophilicity and mobility of humic substances using radiolabeling techniques. R. Soc. Chem. 2003, 291(Special Publication), 349-353.

(3772) K. Wang and B. Xing. Proton correlation times and segmental mobility of humic acids in two solvents. Soil Sci. 2004, 169(3), 168-175.

Moisture Absorption (3850) S. D. Brooks, P. J. DeMott, and S. M. Kreidenweis. Water

uptake by particles containing humic materials and mixtures of humic materials with ammonium sulfate. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38(13), 1859-1868.

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Molecular Weight (2938) C. Steelink. Investigating humic acids in soils. Anal. Chem.

2002, 74(11), 326A-333A.











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(3483) K. Stamberg, P. Benes, J. Mizera, J. Dolansky, D. Vopalka, and K. Chalupska. Modeling of metal-humate complexation based on the mean molecular weight and charge of humic substances: application to Eu(III) humate complexes using ion exchange. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2003, 258(2), 329-345.



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(3583) J.-M. Monsallier and G. R. Choppin. Influence of humic acid size on actinide complexation. Radiochim. Acta 2003, 91(3), 135-139.

(3622) E. Montoneri, P. Savarino, F. Adani, P. L. Genevini, G. Ricca, F. Zanetti, and S. Paoletti. Polyalkylphenyl-sulphonic acid with acid groups of variable strength from compost. Waste Manag. (Amerstam, Netherlands) 2003, 23(6), 523-535.


(3655) Assemi, G. Newcombe, C. Hepplewhite, and R. Beckett. Characterization of natural organic matter fractions separated by ultrafiltration using flow field-flow fractionation. Water Res. 2004, 38(6), 1467-1476.


(3660) S. Yu. Bratskaya, V. A. Avramenko, S. V. Sukhoverkhov, and S. Schwarz. Flocculation of humic substances and their derivatives with chitosan. Colloid J. (Translation of Kolloid. Zh.) 2002, 64(6), 681-686.



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(3683) . Francioso, S. Sanchez-Cortes, D. Casarini, J. V. Garcia-Ramos, C. Ciavatta, and C. Gessa. Spectroscopic study of humic acids fractionated by means of tangential ultrafiltration. J. Mol. Struct. 2002, 609(1-3), 137-147.







(3697) W. P. Johnson, G. Bao, and W. W. John. Specific UV absorbance of Aldrich humic acid: changes during transport in aquifer sediment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(4), 608-616.


(3703) J. Hur and M. A. Schlautman. Effects of pH and phosphate on the adsorptive fractionation of purified Aldrich humic acid on kaolinite and hematite. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2004, 277(2), 264-270.


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(3714) A. Piccolo, P. Conte, R. Spaccini, and M. Chiarella. Effects of some dicarboxylic acids on the association of dissolved humic substances. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2003, 37(4), 255-259.

(3715) I. V. Perminova, F. H. Frimmel, A. V. Kudryavtsev, N. A. Kulikova, G. Abbt-Braun, S. Hesse, and V. S. Petrosyan. Molecular weight characteristics of humic substances from different environments as determined by size exclusion chromatography and their statistical evaluation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(11), 2477-2485.




(3723) P. Janos and V. Tokarova. Characterization of coal-derived humic substances with the aid of low-pressure gel permeation chromatography. Fuel 2002, 81(8), 1025-1031.



(3754) I. Ferrer, E. T. Furlong, J. A. Leenheer, C. E. Rostad, and G. R. Aiken. Analysis of humic and fulvic acids by electrospray/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-033.

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(3768) A. C. Stenson, W. M. Landing, A. G. Marshall, and W. T. Cooper. Ionization and fragmentation of humic substances in electrospray ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(17), 4397-4409.

(3769) I. Ferrer, E. T. Furlong, C. E. Rostad, J. A. Leenheer, and G. R. Aiken. Analysis of humic and fulvic acids by electrospray/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 496-498.

(3770) W. T. Cooper, A. Stenson, and A. G. Marshall. Identification of individual humic molecules by electrospray ionization and high-field ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 499-504.

(3771) K. Stuttaford, J. Carey, and M. Alaee. Deconvolution of esi-ms spectra of high molecular weight humic material from Canadian surface waters. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 505-508.

Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) (3099) D. Prinz, W. Pyckhout-Hintzen, and R. Littke. Development

of the meso- and macroporous structure of coals with rank as analysed with small angle neutron scattering and adsorption experiments. Fuel 2003 (Volume Date 2004), 83(4-5), 547-556.



Nitration (3773) C.-s. Zhao, H. Zhang, and Z.-w. Guo. Study on production

process and biological activation of nitrohumic acid. Harbin Ligong Daxue Xuebao 2003, 8(6), 70-72.

(3774) Z. M. Milicevic and P. R. Petrovic. Determination of the optimal conditions for preparation of potassium nitro-humate from lignite. Hem. Ind. 2004, 58(1), 19-25.

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Nitrogen Content (3317) X. Song and S. O. Farwell. Pyrolysis gas chromatography

atomic emission detection method for determination of N-containing components of humic and fulvic acids. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2004, 71(2), 901-915.

(3775) T. Abe and A. Watanabe. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nitrogen functional groups in soil humic acids. Soil Sci. 2004, 169(1), 35-43.

(3776) M. Vairavamurthy. Probing organic nitrogen in geomacromolecules with XANES spectroscopy. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-106.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) (2964) N. Fujitake. Recent trend and view of studies on humic

substances in Japan. 3. Techniques for humic substances analysis and prospective techniques in the future. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2003, 74(2), 223-228.


(2972) R. L. Cook. Coupling NMR to NOM. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378(6), 1484-1503.

(2983) R. C. Willis. Digging in the dirt. Today’s Chem. Work 2002, 11(6), 33-34, 36-37.




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(3019) V. D. Tikhova, M. M. Shakirov, V. P. Fadeeva, M. I. Dergacheva, L. V. Samutenko, and L. V. Fedorova. NMR study of structural changes in humic acids of meadow soddy soils. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh Prikl. Khim.) 2002, 75(5), 829-833.






(3041) S. Sachs, M. Bubner, K. Schmeide, G. R. Choppin, K. H. Heise, and G. Bernhard. Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic studies on chemically modified and unmodified synthetic and natural humic acids. Talanta 2002, 57(5), 999-1009.




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(3074) K. Schmidt-Rohr, J. Mao, and D. C. Olk. Characterization of soil organic matter in tropical rice soils by advanced solid-state NMR. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-058.






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(3106) T. E. Fedorova, D. F. Kushnarev, N. B. Vashukevich, A. G. Proidakov, B. Byambagar, and G. A. Kalabin. 13C NMR spectroscopy of humic acids of different origin. Pochvovedenie 2003, (10), 1213-1217.








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(3233) G. Chilom and J. A. Rice. Crystalline components in the lipid fraction of natural organic matter. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(2), 165-168.



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(3249) K. Schmidt-Rohr, J.-D. Mao, and D. C. Olk. Nitrogen-bonded aromatics in soil organic matter and their implications for a yield decline in intensive rice cropping. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101(17), 6351-6354.



(3309) J.-D. Mao and K. Schmidt-Rohr. Recoupled long-range C-H dipolar dephasing in solid-state NMR, and its use for spectral selection of fused aromatic rings. J. Magn. Reson. 2003, 162(1), 217-227.


(3312) J.-D. Mao and K. Schmidt-Rohr. Accurate quantification of aromaticity and nonprotonated aromatic carbon fraction in natural organic matter by 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(9), 2680-2684.




(3352) T. W.-M. Fan, A. N. Lane, E. Chekmenev, R. J. Wittebort, and R. M. Higashi. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of peptides in soil humic substances. J. Pept. Res. 2004, 63(3), 253-264.


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(3356) K. A. Thorn and K. R. Kennedy. 15N NMR investigation of the covalent binding of reduced TNT amines to soil humic acid, model compounds, and lignocellulose. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(17), 3787-3796.



(3381) B. Xing. Phenanthrene sorption by humic-clay complexes. In Abstracts of the 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-118. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(2), 897-903.

(3384) Y.-H. Shih and S.-C. Wu. Sorption kinetics of selected volatile organic compounds in humin. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2002, 21(10), 2067-2074.

(3391) M. J. Simpson, A. J. Simpson, and P. G. Hatcher. Noncovalent interactions between aromatic compounds and dissolved humic acid examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2004, 23(2), 355-362.



(3400) E. G. Witte, H. Phillip, and H. Vereecken. Study of enzyme-catalysed and noncatalysed interactions between soil humic acid and 13C-labeled 2-aminobenzothiazole using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(12), 1727-1735.

(3404) L. C. Brothers, H. Lei, M. A. Eastman, and M. A. Nanny. Molecular motion of adsorbed benzene on humic acid. In Abstracts of the 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; ENVR-111. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(1), 213-217.

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(3405) H. M. Bialk and J. A. Pedersen. Oxidative coupling of sulfonamide antimicrobials with monomeric humic constituents. In Abstracts of the 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; ENVR-113. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(1), 224-229.

(3411) W. H. Otto, D. J. Britten, and C. K. Larive. NMR diffusion analysis of surfactant-humic substance interactions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003, 261(2), 508-513.

(3416) J.-D. Mao, L. S. Hundal, M. L. Thompson, and K. Schmidt-Rohr. Correlation of poly(methylene)-rich amorphous aliphatic domains in humic substances with sorption of a nonpolar organic contaminant, phenanthrene Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(5), 929-936.



(3494) S. Hiradate and N. U. Yamaguchi. Chemical species of Al reacting with soil humic acids. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2003, 97(1), 26-31.

(3509) N. Lee and D. K. Ryan. Study of fulvic-aluminum(III) ion complexes by 27Al solution NMR. In Book of Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-011.

(3526) N. C. Y. Lee and D. K. Ryan. Study of fulvic-aluminum(III) ion complexes by 27Al solution NMR. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference and Sixth Humic Substance Seminar; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 219-228.

(3542) T. Tanaka, S. Nagao, and H. Ogawa. Correlation between molecular size and functional groups of humic acid on the complexation with 237Np, 238Pu and 241Am. JAERI-Conf. 2002, 2002-004(Proceedings of the International Symposium NUCEF 2001), 651-658. (3542)

(3612) Y. Yanagi, H. Tamaki, H. Otsuka, and N. Fujitake. Comparison of decolorization by microorganisms of humic acids with different 13C NMR properties. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2002, 34(5), 729-731.

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(3622) E. Montoneri, P. Savarino, F. Adani, P. L. Genevini, G. Ricca, F. Zanetti, and S. Paoletti. Polyalkylphenyl-sulphonic acid with acid groups of variable strength from compost. Waste Manag. (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2003, 23(6), 523-535.

(3625) N. Hertkorn, A. Guenzi, D. Freitag, and A. Kettrup. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations of silylated refractory organic substances. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 129-145.



(3638) O. Francioso, C. Ciavatta, D. Montecchio, V. Tugnoli, S. Sanchez-Cortes, and G. Gessa. Quantitative estimation of peat, brown coal and lignite humic acids by using chemical parameters, 1H-NMR and DTA analyses. Bioresour. Technol. 2003, 88(3), 189-195.


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(3651) P. Conte, A. Piccolo, B. van Lagen, P. Buurman, and M. A. Hemminga. Elemental quantitation of natural organic matter by CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. 2002, 21(3/4), 158-170.





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(3675) C. Keeler and G. E. Maciel. Quantitation in the solid-state 13C NMR analysis of soil and organic soil fractions. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(10), 2421-2432.






(3684) . Y. Dai, C. L. Ping, and G. J. Michaelson. Characterizing soil organic matter in Arctic tundra soils by different analytical approaches. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(4), 407-419.





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(3693) R. L. Cook, D. D. McIntyre, C. H. Langford, and H. J. Vogel. A comprehensive liquid-state heteronuclear and multidimensional NMR study of Laurentian fulvic acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(17), 3935-3944.



(3702) P. Tinoco, G. Almendros, F. J. Gonzalez-Vila, U. Lankes, and H.-D. Luedermann. Analysis of carbon and nitrogen forms in soil fractions after the addition of 15N-compost by 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2004, 52(17), 5412-5417.

(3707) V. V. Platonov, D. S. Nikolaev, V. G. Sakharovskii, V. A. Proskuryakov, and S. G. Nikolaev. High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy of organic matter of carbonate-chara sapropel. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh. Prikl. Khim.) 2002, 75(12), 2021-2026.




(3777) T. A. Holtzlander, P. G. Hatcher, and Y. Chen. Formation and structure of humic substances in composted municipal solid wastes. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-101.

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(3778) J. Peuravuori, P. Ingman, and K. Pihlaja. Critical comments on accuracy of quantitative determination of natural humic matter by solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Talanta 2003, 59(1), 177-189.

(3779) J.-D. Mao and K. Schmidt-Rohr. Separation of aromatic-carbon 13C NMR signals from di-oxygenated alkyl bands by a chemical-shift-anisotropy filter. Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. 2004, 26(1), 36-45.

(3780) A. J. Simpson, M. J. Salloum, W. L. Kingery, and P. G. Hatcher. Improvements in the two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of humic substances. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(2), 388-392.

(3781) J. Mao, W. Hu, G. Ding, K. Schmidt-Rohr, G. Davies, E. A. Ghabbour, and B. Xing. Suitability of different 13C solid-state NMR techniques in the characterization of humic acids. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2002, 82(4), 183-196.

(3782) K. J. Dria, J. R. Sachleben, and P. G. Hatcher. Solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance of humic acids at high magnetic field strengths. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(2), 393-401.

(3783) R. L. Cook, D. D. McIntyre, C. H. Langford, and H. J. Vogel. Modern liquid state NMR techniques for the characterization of humic material. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-044.

(3784) N. Hertkorn, A. Permin, I. Perminova, D. Kovalevskii, M. Yudov, V. Petrosyan, and A. Kettrup. Comparative analysis of partial structures of a peat humic and fulvic acid using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(2), 375-387.

(3785) R. L. Cook, D. D. McIntyre, C. H. Langford, and H. J. Vogel. Modern liquid state NMR techniques for the characterization of humic material. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 517-519.

(3786) S. Laiber, H. Herzog, J. Buddrus, P. Burba, and J. Lambert. Quantification of substructures of refractory organic substances by means of nuclear magnetic resonance. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 115-128.

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(3787) G. Abbt-Braun, U. Lankes, J. B. Jahnel, J. Lambert, H.-D. Luedermann, and F. H. Frimmel. Chemical and spectroscopic data of the reference samples–comparison and evaluation. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 302-309.

(3788) J. Mao, G. Ding, and B. Xing. Domain mobility of humic acids investigated with one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance: support for dual-mode sorption model. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2002, 33(9 & 10), 1679-1688.

(3789) E. D. Lodygin and V. A. Beznosikov. Study of the molecular structure of humic acids from podzolic and bog-podzolic soils by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Pochvovedenie 2003, (9), 1085-1094.


(3791) B. F. King, T. A. Cross, and Z. Gan. Using solid state O-17 NMR to study humic acids. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; IEC-195.

(3792) A. J. Simpson, W. L. Kingery, and P. G. Hatcher. The identification of plant derived structures in humic materials using three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(2), 337-342.

(3793) K. Wang, L. C. Dickinson, E. A. Ghabbour, G. Davies, and B. Xing. Proton spin-lattice relaxation times of humic acids as determined by solution NMR. Soil Sci. 2003, 168(2), 128-136.

Nuclear Microprobe Analysis (NMA) (3422) F. Mercier, V. Moulin, M. J. Guittet, N. Barre, M. Gautier-

Soyer, P. Trocellier, and P. Toulhoat. Applications of new surface analysis techniques (NMA and XPS) to humic substances. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 247-255.

Oxidation (3794) M. Yildirim. Oxidation of Kangal/Sivas lignite at 70°C and

90°C. Energy Sources 2003, 25(10), 1023-1032.


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Ozonation (3160) M. J. Yu, Y. H. Kim, I. Han, and H. C. Kim. Ozonation of

Han River humic substances. Water Sci Technol. 2002, 46(11-12, Water Quality and Environmental Management in Asia), 21-26.

(3732) P.-k. Jin and X.-c. Wang. Study on ozonation of aquatic humic substances. Huanjing Huaxue 2002, 21(3), 259-263.

(3811) A. Kerc, M. Bekbolet, and A. M. Saatci. Sequential oxidation of humic acids by ozonation and photocatalysis. Ozone Sci. Eng. 2003, 25(6), 497-504.

Peptide Content (3352) T. W.-M. Fan, A. N. Lane, E. Chekmenev, R. J. Wittebort,

and R. M. Higashi. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of peptides in soil humic substances. J. Pept. Res. 2004, 63(3), 253-264.

Photochemical Degradation/Photochemistry (3665) I. V. Sokolova, O. N. Tchaikovskaya, and A. A. Beginina.

Spectral-luminescent properties of humic acids. Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2004, 17(2-3), 211-214.


(3722) T. Brinkmann, D. Sartorius, and F. H. Frimmel. Photobleaching of humic rich dissolved organic matter. Aquat. Sci. 2003, 65(4), 415-424.

(3795) K. Forest, P. Wan, and C. M. Preston. Catechin and hydroxybenzhydrols as models for the environmental photochemistry of tannins and lignins. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2004, 3(5), 463-472.

(3796) C. S. Uyguner and M. Bekbolet. Photocatalytic degradation of natural organic matter: kinetic considerations and light intensity dependence. Int. J. Photoenerg. 2004, 6(2), 73-80.

(3797) Ya. N. Makarovskaya, L. P. Eksperiandova, and A. B. Blank. Sampling of natural water using the ultrasonic and ultraviolet decomposition of humic substances. J. Anal. Chem. (Translation of Zh. Anal. Khim.) 2003, 58(2), 110-113.

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(3798) R. Del Vecchio and N. V. Blough. On the origin of the constituents underlying the absorption spectra of humic substances and chromophoric dissolved organic matter. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 335-341.

(3799) J. Jones, C. D. Clark, and D. Wellman. Correlation of photochemical properties of model quinoid compounds and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in natural waters. in Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 390-392.

(3800) D. Slawinska, K. Polewski, P. Rolewski, P. Plucinski, and J. Slawinski. Spectroscopic studies on UVC-induced photodegradation of humic acids. Elecron. J. Pol. Agric. Univ. 2002, 5(2).

(3801) F. L. Palmer, B. R. Eggins, and H. M. Coleman. The effect of operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of humic acid. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2002, 148(1-3), 137-143.

(3802) J. V. Goldstone, M. J. Pullin, S. Bertilsson, and B. M. Voelker. Reactions of hydroxyl radical with humic substances: bleaching, mineralization, and production of bioavailable carbon substrates. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(3), 364-372.

(3803) O. N. Chaikovskaya, P. P. Levin, N. B. Sultimova, I. V. Sokolova, and A. V. Kuzmin. Triplet states of humic acids studied by laser flash photolysis using different excitation wavelengths. Russ. Chem. Bull. (Translation of Izv. Akad. Nauk Ser. Khim.) 2004, 53(2), 313-317.

Polymerization (3521) A. A. A. Halim, B. F. Ali, and A. S. A. Nabi. Synthesis,

characterization and analytical study of a new resin based on humic acid. Res. J. Chem. Environ. 2003, 7(4), 12-16.

Potentiometry (3297) H. Kodama and K. Yonebayashi. Characterization of fulvic

acid based on hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of humic molecule using cation exchange resin. Estimation for distribution of acid-dissociation constants on humic molecules. Kankyo Kagaku Sogo Kenkyusho Nenpo 2000, 20, 51-58.

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(3298) E. A. Neves, E. Benedetti, D. C. Souza, and R. Javaroni. Hydrogen ion affinity in humic acids: a coordination approach. J. Coord. Chem. 2003, 56(7), 623-633.






Proton Affinity (3804) H. Zhang, W. Dong, M. Huang, and Z. Tao. Characterization

and differentiation of chemical heterogeneity in humic substances by continuous intrinsic proton affinity distribution. Adsorp. Sci. Technol. 2002, 20(4), 337-345.

Pyrolysis (2986) M. A. Olivella, J. C. del Rio, J. Palacios, M. A.



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(3046) G. Gleixner, O. Kracht, H.-L. Schmidt, and E.-D. Schulze. Isotopic evidence for the origin and formation of refractory organic substances. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 146-162.

(3113) G. Almendros, D. Kgathi, M. Sekhwela, M.-C. Zancada, P. Tinoco, and M.-T. Pardo. Biogeochemical assessment of resilient humus formations from virgin and cultivated Northern Botswana soils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(15), 4321-4330.




(3347) L. Grasset, C. Guignard, and A. Ambles. Free and esterified aliphatic carboxylic acids in humin and humic acids from a peat sample as revealed by pyrolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide or tetraethylammonium acetate. Org. Geochem. 2003, 33(3), 181-188.


(3628) D. Fabbri, I. Vassura, and C. E. Snape. Simple off-line flash pyrolysis procedure with in situ silylation for the analysis of hydroxybenzenes in humic acids and coals. J. Chromatogr., A 2003, 967(2), 235-242.


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(3712) H.-R. Schulten, P. Leinweber, and G. Jandl. Analytical pyrolysis of humic substances and dissolved organic matter in water. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 163-187.

(3742) T. Otsuka and S. Nakashima. Long-path gas cell FT-IR spectroscopy for volatile organics from thermal decomposition of dissolved organic matter. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; GEOC-096.

(3805) N. V. Chukhareva, L. V. Shishmina, and S. G. Maslov. Kinetics of thermal decarboxylation and dehydration of peat humic acids. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (2), 31-38.

(3806) N. V. Chukhareva, L. V. Shishmina, and A. A. Novikov. Kinetics of thermal degradation of peat humic acids. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (6), 37-48.

(3807) N. V. Chukhareva, L. I. Tarnovskaya, and S. G. Maslov. Effect of temperature and peat’s heating medium on the properties of humic acids. In Novye Dostizheniya v Khimii i Khimcheskoi Tekhnologii Rastitel’nogo Syr’ya, Materialy Vserossiiskogo Seminara, L. I. Bazina and N. Ya. Tyryshkina, Eds.; Barnaul, Russia: Izdatel’stvo Altaiskogo Universiteta, 2002; 191-194.

(3808) C. A. Joll, T. Huynh, and A. Heitz. Off-line tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis of model compound aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids: decarboxylation of some ortho- and/or para-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2003, 70(2), 151-167.

(3813) A. Filozof-Niescior, J. Kaczmarczyk, and T. Siemieniewska. Porosity development in steam activated chars from brown coal and derived humic acids. Pr. Nauk. Inst. Chem. Technol. Nafty Weglia Pol. Wrocl. 2002, 57, 69-74.

Raman Spectroscopy (3683) O. Francioso, S. Sanchez-Cortes, D. Casarini, J. V. Garcia-

Ramos, C. Ciavatta, and C. Gessa. Spectroscopic study of humic acids fractionated by means of tangential ultrafiltration. J. Mol. Struct. 2002, 609(1-3), 137-147.

(3809) D. Alon, G. Mintz, I. Cohen, S. Weiner, and E. Boaretto. The use of Raman spectroscopy to monitor the removal of humic substances from charcoal: quality control for 14C dating of charcoal. Radiocarbon 2002, 44(1), 1-11.

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Reactivity (3623) I. N. Ryabova and G. A. Mustafina. Modification of coal

humic acids with formaldehyde. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh, Prikl. Khim.) 2003, 76(2), 261-263.

(3810) G. T. Omarova, G. O. Nurgalieva, N. Zh. Gizatulina, V. B. Rozhnov, and U. Zh. Dzhusipbekov. Study of conditions for treatment of Oikaragai brown coals with acidic reagents. Izv. Nats. Akad. Nauk Resp. Kazak. Ser. Khim. 2003, (4), 93-97.

(3811) A. Kerc, M. Bekbolet, and A. M. Saatci. Sequential oxidation of humic acids by ozonation and photocatalysis. Ozone Sci. Eng. 2003, 25(6), 497-504.

Redox Properties (2938) C. Steelink. Investigating humic acids in soils. Anal. Chem.

2002, 74(11), 326A-333A.

(3812) J. T. Nurmi and P. G. Tratnyek. Electrochemical properties of natural organic matter (NOM), fractions of NOM, and model biogeochemical electron shuttles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(4), 617-624.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (3246) B. C. Qi, C. Aldrich, and L. Lorenzen. Effect of

ultrasonication on the humic acids extracted from lignocellulose substrate decomposed by anaerobic digestion. Chem. Eng. J. (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 2004, 98(1-2), 153-163.




(3817) V. M. Dudarchik and T. P. Smychnik. Electron microscopy of humic acids. Pochvovedenie 2003, (11), 1335-1341.

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Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) (3383) K. Mackenzie, A. Georgi, M. Kumke, and F.-D. Kopinke.

Sorption of pyrene to dissolved humic substances and related model polymers. 2. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and fluorescence quenching technique (FQT) as analytical methods. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(20), 4403-4409.


Sonolysis (3821) Y. Lu, N. Riyanto, and L. K. Weavers. Sonolysis of synthetic

sediment particles: particle characteristics affecting particle dissolution and size reduction. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2002, 9(4), 181-188.

Spectral Characteristics (3088) M. Klavins, V. Rodinov, and I. Druvietis. Aquatic chemistry

and humic substances in bog lakes in Latvia. Boreal Environ. Res. 2003, 8(2), 113-123.

Structure and Morphology (2938) C. Steelink. Investigating humic acids in soils. Anal. Chem.

2002, 74(11), 326A-333A.

(2952) A. Piccolo. The supramolecular structure of humic substances: a novel understanding of humus chemistry and implications in soil science. Adv. Agron. 2002, 75, 57-134.

(2953) A. Piccolo, P. Conte, A. Cozzolino, and R. Spaccini. The conformational structure of humic substances. In Handbook of Processes and Modeling in the Soil-Plant System, D. K. Benbi and N. Rolf, Eds.; Binghamton, New York: Haworth Press, 2003;83-120.

(2978) G. Abbt-Braun, U. Lankes, and F. H. Frimmel. Structural characterization of aquatic humic substances. The need for a multiple method approach. Aquatic Sci. 2004, 66(2), 151-170.


(2993) I. Kogel-Knabner. The macromolecular organic composition of plant and microbial residues as inputs to soil organic matter. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2002, 34(2), 139-162.

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(3029) P. Genevini, F. Adani, A. H. M. Veeken, and B. Scaglia. Evolution of humic acid-like and core-humic acid-like during high-rate composting of pig feces amended with wheat straw. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo, Japan) 2002, 48(2), 135-141.








(3146) A. Yu. Kudeyarova. Conceptual approaches to studying the nature and transformation of humic substances in the soil. Agrokhimiya 2004, (8), 66-76.


(3173) N. V. Yudina, A. V. Zvereva, and O. I. Lomovskii. Mechanochemical transformations in peats of various types. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2002, (5), 3-10.


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(3317) X. Song and S. O. Farwell. Pyrolysis gas chromatography atomic emission detection method for determination of N-containing components of humic and fulvic acids. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2004, 71(2), 901-915.

(3319) D. Muirhead and J. R. Lead. Measurement of the size and structure of natural aquatic colloids in an urbanized watershed by atomic force microscopy. Hydrobiologia 2003, 494, 65-69.


(3322) M. Mertig, D. Klemm, H. Zanker, and W. Pompe. Scanning force microscopy of two-dimensional structure formation in thin humic acid films. Surf. Interface Anal. 2002, 33(2), 113-117.



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(3380) Y. Lu and J. J. Pignatello. Comparison of nonideal sorption behaviors and the conditioning effect in two humic acids and a lignite. In Abstracts of the 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-229.




(3510) T. J. Strathmann, F. M.M. Morel, and S. C. B. Myneni. X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation of nickel(II) complexation by naturally occurring organic compounds In Book of Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-014.

(3616) L. Eglite, I. Rozenbaha, G. Odham, U. Jarnberg, and M. Klavins. Reductive degradation of humic substances. Latv. Kim. Z. 2003, (3), 283-291.





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(3649) M. Y. Z. Aboul Eish. Characterization of humic substances using chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic techniques. Diss. Abstr. Int., B 2003, 64(2), 687.


(3669) M. U. Kumke and F. H. Frimmel. Stationary and time-resolved fluorescence for refractory organic substances characterization. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 215-231.




(3708) J. B. Jahnel, T. Brinkmann, G. Abbt-Braun, and F. H. Frimmel. Occurrence of amino acids, carbohydrates, and low-molecular-weight organic acids in refractory organic substances. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 264-281.

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(3767) E. B. Kujawinski, M. A. Freitas, X. Zang, P. G. Hatcher, K. B. Green-Church, and R. B. Jones. The application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) to the structural characterization of natural organic matter. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 171-180.

(3777) T. A. Holtzlander, P. G. Hatcher, and Y. Chen. Formation and structure of humic substances in composted municipal solid wastes. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-101.

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(3780) A. J. Simpson, M. J. Salloum, W. L. Kingery, and P. G. Hatcher. Improvements in the two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of humic substances. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(2), 388-392.

(3784) N. Hertkorn, A. Permin, I. Perminova, D. Kovalevskii, M. Yudov, V. Petrosyan, and A. Kettrup. Comparative analysis of partial structures of a peat humic and fulvic acid using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Environ. Qual. 2002, 31(2), 375-387.

(3785) R. L. Cook, D. D. McIntyre, C. H. Langford, and H. J. Vogel. Modern liquid state NMR techniques for the characterization of humic material. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; 42(1), 517-519.

(3786) S. Laiber, H. Herzog, J. Buddrus, P. Burba, and J. Lambert. Quantification of substructures of refractory organic substances by means of nuclear magnetic resonance. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002; 115-128.


(3788) J. Mao, G. Ding, and B. Xing. Domain mobility of humic acids investigated with one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance: support for dual-mode sorption model. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2002, 33(9 & 10), 1679-1688.

(3789) E. D. Lodygin and V. A. Beznosikov. Study of the molecular structure of humic acids from podzolic and bog-podzolic soils by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Pochvovedenie 2003, (9), 1085-1094.


(3799) J. Jones, C. D. Clark, and D. Wellman. Correlation of photochemical properties of model quinoid compounds and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in natural waters. in Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 390-392.

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(3813) A. Filozof-Niescior, J. Kaczmarczyk, and T. Siemieniewska. Porosity development in steam activated chars from brown coal and derived humic acids. Pr. Nauk. Inst. Chem. Technol. Nafty Weglia Pol. Wrocl. 2002, 57, 69-74.

(3814) K. Polewski, D. Slawinska, and J. Slawinski. The role of ortho- and para-semiquinones in the chemiluminescence and antioxidizing activity of humus substances. In Bioluminescence & Chemiluminescence–Progress & Current Applications: Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence, P. E. Stanley and L. J. Kricka, Eds.; Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2002; 161-164.

(3815) A. Piccolo, P. Conte, A. Cozzolino, and R. Spaccini. The conformational structure of humic substances. In Handbook of Processes and Modeling in the Soil-Plant System, D. K. Benbi and N. Rolf, Eds.; Binghamton, New York: Haworth Press, 2003; 83-120.

(3816) L. Weng, E. J. M. Temminghoff, and W. H. van Riemsdijk. Interpretation of humic acid coagulation and soluble soil organic matter using a calculated electrostatic potential. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2002, 53(4), 575-587.

(3817) V. M. Dudarchik and T. P. Smychnik. Electron microscopy of humic acids. Pochvovedenie 2003, (11), 1335-1341.

(3818) E. Tombacz, Z. Libor, E. Illes, A. Majzik, and E. Klumpp. The role of reactive surface sites and complexation by humic acids in the interaction of clay mineral and iron oxide particles. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35(3), 257-267.

(3819) J. Thomson, A. Parkinson, and F. A. Roddick. Depolymerization of chromophoric natural organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(12), 3360-3369.

(3820) T. Lehtonen, J. Peuravuori, and K. Pihlaja. Degradative analysis of aquatic fulvic acid: CuO oxidation versus pyrolysis after teramethylammonium hydroxide treatments in air and helium atmospheres. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 511(2), 349-356.

(3821) Y. Lu, N. Riyanto, and L. K. Weavers. Sonolysis of synthetic sediment particles: particle characteristics affecting particle dissolution and size reduction. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2002, 9(4), 181-188.

(3822) J. J. Pignatello. Polymer sorption theory applied to macromolecular forms of natural organic matter. In Abstracts of the 226th ACS National Meeting; New York, New York: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-113.

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(3823) T. Ya. Kashinskaya, N. V. Shevchenko, and V. P. Strigutskii. Effect of the dispersion medium on the chemical composition of humic acids of peat. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (2), 89-95.

(3824) J. Hur and M. A. Schlautman. Using selected operational descriptors to examine the heterogeneity within a bulk humic substances. (Erratum to document cited in CA138:259891.) Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(17), 4020.

(3825) S. Borman. Ferreting out aggregation. Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81(37), 8.

(3826) J. Thieme, C. Schmidt, G. Abbt-Braun, C. Specht, and F. H. Frimmel. X-ray microscopy studies of refractory organic substances. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 239-248.

(3827) C. Schmidt, J. Thieme, U. Neuhausier, C. Jacobsen, B. Kaulich, M. Salome, and J. Susini. Spectromicroscopy of soil colloids. J. Phys. IV: Proc. 2003, 104(X-Ray Microscopy), 405-408.

(3838) R. Petkewich. Humic substances have regular structural patterns. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(19), 373A.

(3852) J. Thieme. X-ray spectromicroscopy studies of colloidal structures in soils and groundwater aquifers. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-112.

Models of (3370) J. D. Kubicki and C. C. Trout. Molecular modeling of

fulvic and humic acids: charging effects and interactions with Al3+, benzene, and pyridine. In Geochemical and Hydrological Reactivity of Heavy Metals in Soils, H. M. Selim and W. L. Kingery, Eds.; Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis, 2003; 113-143.


(3816) L. Weng, E. J. M. Temminghoff, and W. H. van Riemsdijk. Interpretation of humic acid coagulation and soluble soil organic matter using a calculated electrostatic potential. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2002, 53(4), 575-587.

(3828) S. Qi. Use of Dubinin-Astakhov equation to describe preloading effect of natural organic matter. J. Environ. Eng. 2004, 130(4), 472-477.

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(3829) J. Garcia-Mina. Exploring the molecular character and heterogeneity of humic substances via the study of the ion-binding process using an extended polyelectrolyte model. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference and Sixth Humic Substance Seminar, E. A. Ghabbour and G. Davies, Eds.; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 195-218.

(3830) M. S. Diallo, A. Simpson, P. Gassman, J. L. Faulon, J. H. Johnson, Jr., W. A. Goddard III, and P. G. Hatcher. 3-D structural modeling of humic acids through experimental characterization, computer assisted structure elucidation and atomistic simulations. 1. Chelsea soil humic acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(9), 1783-1793.

(3833) S. A. McMillan, N. C. Haubein, R. Q. Snurr, and L. J. Broadbelt. Ab initio stochastic optimization of conformational and many-body degrees of freedom. J. Chem. Inform. Comp. Sci. 2003, 43(6), 1820-1828.

(3837) H.-R. Schulten. New approaches to the molecular structure and properties of soil organic matter: humic-, xenobiotic-, biological-, and mineral-bonds. Devel. Soil Sci. 2002, 28A(Soil Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health), 351-381.

of Solutions (2996) M. Benedetti, J. F. Ranville, M. Ponthieu, and J. P.

Pinheiro. Field-flow fractionation characterization and binding properties of particulate and colloidal organic matter from the Rio Amazon and Rio Negro. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33(3), 269-279.

(3014) P. C. Hubbard, E. N. Barata, and A. V. M Canario. Possible disruption of pheromonal communication by humic acid in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Aquat. Toxicol. 2002, 60(3-4), 169-183.

(3023) R. F. Christman. Humic molecular systems and analytical developments. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-029.


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(3320) M. Plaschke, J. Roemer, and J. I. Kim. Characterization of Gorleben groundwater colloids by atomic force microscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(21), 4483-4488.

(3340) M. Ubner, V. Lepane, M. Lopp, and M. Kaljurand. Electrophoretic aggregation of humic acid. J. Chromatogr., A 2004, 1045(1-2), 253-258.



(3460) Z. B. Alfassi. On the precipitation of salts/complexes of trivalent cations with humic acid. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004, 262(1), 77-81.

(3477) J. C. Rocha, E. Sargentini, L. F. Zara, A. H. Rosa, A. dos Santos, and P. Burba. Reduction of mercury(II) by tropical river humic substances (Rio Negro)–Part II. Influence of structural features (molecular size, aromaticity, phenolic groups, organically bound sulfur). Talanta 2003, 61(5), 699-707.

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(3550) J. Rothe, M. Plaschke, M. A. Denecke, and T. Fanghaenel. Carbon K-edge spectromicroscopy of model substances for the study of humic acid actinide complexation. In Book of Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Anaheim, California: American Chemical Society, 2004; NUCL-004.


(3589) J. Duan, N. J. D. Graham, and F. Wilson. Coagulation of humic acid by ferric chloride in saline (marine) water conditions. Water Sci. Technol. 2003, 47(Asia Environmental Technology 2001), 41-48.

(3656) M. J. M. Wells. Investigation of dissolved organic matter conformation/aggregation using flow field-flow fractionation. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ANYL-203.



(3717) K. Yonebayashi and T. Hattori. Surface active properties of soil humic acids. Sci. Total Environ. 1987, 62, 55-64.

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(3718) P. Conte and A. Piccolo. Effect of concentration on the self-assembling of dissolved humic substances. Devel. Soil Sci. 2002, 28A(Soil Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health), 409-417.



(3793) K. Wang, L. C. Dickinson, E. A. Ghabbour, G. Davies, and B. Xing. Proton spin-lattice relaxation times of humic acids as determined by solution NMR. Soil Sci. 2003, 168(2), 128-136.

(3831) S. L. De Moraes and M. O. O. Rezende. Determination of the critical micelle concentration of humic acids by spectroscopy and conductiometric measurements. Quim. Nova 2004, 27(5), 701-705.

(3832) A. Costa da Silva, E. Sa Mendonca, and C. Reis. Fractal dimension of humic acids in different experimental conditions. Quim. Nova 2003, 26(3), 344-346.

(3833) S. A. McMillan, N. C. Haubein, R. Q. Snurr, and L. J. Broadbelt. Ab initio stochastic optimization of conformational and many-body degrees of freedom. J. Chem. Inform. Comp. Sci. 2003, 43(6), 1820-1828.

(3834) N. L. Lavrik. Study of polydispersion properties of humic acid molecules using luminescence spectroscopy. Khim. Inter. Ustoich. Razvit. 2003, 11(5), 751-753.

(3835) M. d. M. Ramos-Tejada, A. Ontiveros, R. d. C. Plaza, A. V. Delgado, and J. D. G. Duran. A rheological approach to the stability of humic acid/clay colloidal suspensions. Rheolog. Acta 2003, 42(1-2), 148-157.

(3836) J.-E. Hwang, J. Jegal, and K.-H. Lee. Separation of humic acid with nanofiltration polyamide composite membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002, 86(11), 2847-2853.


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(3840) W. W. Lin, S. S. Sung, D. J. Lee, Y. P. Chen, D. S. Chen, and S. F. Lee. Coagulation of humic-PACI aggregates. Water Sci. Technol. 2003, 47(1, Asia Environmental Technology 2001), 145-152.

Sulfur Content (2986) M. A. Olivella, J. C. del Rio, J. Palacios, M. A.


Surface Tension, of Solutions (3240) M. Terashima, M. Fukushima, and S. Tanaka. Influence of

pH on the surface activity of humic acid: micelle-like aggregate formation and interfacial adsorption. Colloids Surf. A 2004, 247(1-3), 77-83.

(3841) R. Tuckermann and H. K. Cammenga. The surface tension of aqueous solutions of some atmospheric water-soluble organic compounds. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38(36), 6135-6138.

(3842) T. Rauen, N. A. Debacher, M. M. de Souza Sierra, and E. J. S. Sierra. Tensoactivity of humic acids from distinct environments. Quim. Nova 2002, 25(6), 909-913.

Thermal Stability (3090) F. J. Gonzalez-Villa and G. Almendros. Thermal

transformation of soil organic matter by natural fires and laboratory-controlled heatings. In Natural and Laboratory-Simulated Thermal Geochemical Processes, R. Ikan, Ed.; Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2003; 153-200.




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Thermodynamic Properties (3843) R. C. DeLapp, E. J. LeBoeuf, and K. D. Bell. Thermodynamic

properties of several soil- and sediment-derived natural organic materials. Chemosphere 2003, 54(4), 527-539.

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) (3155) V. A. Chernikov, V. A. Konchits, and S. L. Ignat’eva.

Thermogravimetric characteristics of humic acids in sod-podzolic soil after minimal rototilling and three-depth plowing and application of different fertilization systems. Izv. Timiryaz. Sel’skokhoz. Akad. 2002, (1), 125-138.

(3311) A. Khaiauri, Ts. Goliadze, G. Makharadze, and T. Machaladze. Investigation of humin acids isolated from natural waters by thermal analysis. Bull. Georg. Acad. Sci. 2003, 167(2), 267-269.








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Thermolysis (3636) R. C. DeLapp and E. J. LeBoeuf. Thermal analysis of whole

soils and sediment. J. Environ. Qual. 2004, 33(1), 330-337.

(3807) . V. Chukhareva, L. I. Tarnovskaya, and S. G. Maslov. Effect of temperature and peat’s heating medium on the properties of humic acids. In Novye Dostizheniya v Khimii i Khimcheskoi Tekhnologii Rastitel’nogo Syr’ya, Materialy Vserossiiskogo Seminara, L. I. Bazina and N. Ya. Tyryshkina, Eds.; Barnaul, Russia: Izdatel’stvo Altaiskogo Universiteta, 2002; 191-194.

(3808) C. A. Joll, T. Huynh, and A. Heitz. Off-line tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis of model compound aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids: decarboxylation of some ortho- and/or para-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2003, 70(2), 151-167.

(3820) T. Lehtonen, J. Peuravuori, and K. Pihlaja. Degradative analysis of aquatic fulvic acid: CuO oxidation versus pyrolysis after teramethylammonium hydroxide treatments in air and helium atmospheres. Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 511(2), 349-356.

(3844) N. V. Chukhareva, L. V. Shishmina, and A. A. Novikov. Effect of heat treatment of peats on the composition and properties of humic acids. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (4), 37-43.

(3845) N. V. Chukhareva, L. V. Shishmina, S. G. Maslov, and V. P. Strugutskii. Thermostability of peat humic acids. Khim. Rastitel. Syr. 2003, (2), 49-54.


Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) (3636) R. C. DeLapp and E. J. LeBoeuf. Thermal analysis of whole

soils and sediment. J. Environ. Qual. 2004, 33(1), 330-337.

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) (3157) M. Mecozzi, M. Amici, G. Romanelli, E. Pietrantonio, and A.

Deluca. Ultrasound extraction and thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis of the lipid fraction in marine mucilage samples. J. Chromatogr. A 2002, 963(1-2), 363-373.

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(3307) D. Sen, E. Lichtfouse, and A. Mariotti. Mild hydrolysis and alcohol compound of humic acid. II. Alcohol in hydrolyzed product of humic acid. Turang Tongbao 2002, 33(1), 17-20.

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (3430) N. Ahmed, C. Varadachari, and K. Ghosh. Soil clay-humus

complexes. I. Alkali dissolution, TEM, and XRD studies. Austral. J. Soil Res. 2002, 40(4), 691-703.

Turbidimetry (3832) A. Costa da Silva, E. Sa Mendonca, and C. Reis. Fractal

dimension of humic acids in different experimental conditions. Quim. Nova 2003, 26(3), 344-346.

Ultrafiltration (3022) K. Stuttaford, J. Carey, and M. Alaee. Deconvolution of ESI-

MS spectra of high molecular weight humic material from Canadian surface waters. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; ENVR-035.



(3169) . dos Santos, M. O. de O. Rezende, A. H. Rosa, L. F. Zara, and J. C. Rocha. Distribution of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb in different molecular size of humic fractions extracted from water and sediment samples collected at Anhumas Reservoir. Eclet. Quim. 2002, 27, 139-153.



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(3291) A. Paul, S. Hackbarth, R. D. Vogt, B. Roeder, B. K. Burnison, and C. E. W. Steinberg. Photogeneration of singlet oxygen by humic substances: comparison of humic substances of aquatic and terrestrial origin. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2004, 3(3), 273-280.







(3507) J. C. Rocha, A. H. Rosa, J. Van den Bergh, and P. Burba. Characterization of humic-rich hydrocolloids and their metal species by means of competing ligand and metal exchange–an on-site approach. J. Environ. Monit. 2002, 4(5), 799-802.


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(3584) L. P. C. Romao, G. R. Castro, A. H. Rosa, J. C. Rocha, P. M. Padilha, and H. C. Silva. Tangential-flow ultrafiltration: a versatile methodology for determination of complexation parameters in refractory organic matter from Brazilian water and soil samples. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 375(8), 1097-1100.






(3692) A. I. Schaefer, R. Mauch, T. D. Waite, and A. G. Fane. Charge effects in the fractionation of natural organics using ultrafiltration. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(12), 2572-2580.



(3836) J.-E. Hwang, J. Jegal, and K.-H. Lee. Separation of humic acid with nanofiltration polyamide composite membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002, 86(11), 2847-2853.

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Ultrasonication (3246) B. C. Qi, C. Aldrich, and L. Lorenzen. Effect of

ultrasonication on the humic acids extracted from lignocellulose substrate decomposed by anaerobic digestion. Chem. Eng. J. (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 2004, 98(1-2), 153-163.

Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) (2967) I. A. Schepetkin, A. I. Khlebnikov, S. Y. Ah, S. B. Woo, C.-S.









(3043) A. Baran. Characterization of carex peat using extinction values of humic acids. Bioresource Technol. 2002, 85(1), 99-101.

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(3196) J.-P. Aguer, C. Richard, O. Trubetskaya, O. Trubetskoj, J. Leveque, and F. Andreux. Photoinductive efficiency of soil extracted humic and fulvic acids. Chemosphere 2002, 49(3), 259-262.












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(3518) H. J. Shin, S. O. Lee, S. J. Kim, T. Tran, and M. J. Kim. Study of the effect of humate and its removal on the precipitation of aluminum trihydroxide from the Bayer process. Miner. Eng. 2004, 17(3), 387-391.




(3617) Y. Liu and X.-m. Wang. Ultraviolet spectra study of humic acid degradation process by sonochemistry. Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi 2003, 23(5), 930-932.


(3665) I. V. Sokolova, O. N. Tchaikovskaya, and A. A. Beginina. Spectral-luminescent properties of humic acids. Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2004, 17(2-3), 211-214.

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(3746) P. O. Oviasogie and N. O. Aisueni. Selected spectroscopic characteristics of humic acids from compost and soil supporting oil palms. Int. J. Chem. 2004, 14(2), 85-91.



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(3798) R. Del Vecchio and N. V. Blough. On the origin of the constituents underlying the absorption spectra of humic substances and chromophoric dissolved organic matter. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 335-341.

(3832) A. Costa da Silva, E. Sa Mendonca, and C. Reis. Fractal dimension of humic acids in different experimental conditions. Quim. Nova 2003, 26(3), 344-346.

(3846) R. Del Vecchio and N. V. Blough. On the origin of the constituents underlying the absorption spectra of humic substances and chromophoric dissolved organic matter. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; ENVR-056.

(3847) M. Domeizel, A. Khalil, and P. Prudent. UV spectroscopy: a tool for monitoring humification and for proposing an index of the maturity of compost. Bioresour. Technol. 2004, 94(2), 177-184.

Vapor-Phase Osmometry (VPO) (3215) G. Kiss, E. Tombacz, B. Varga, T. Alsberg, and L. Persson.

Estimation of the average molecular weight of humic-like substances isolated from fine atmospheric aerosol. Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37(27), 3783-3794.

Viscometry (3161) M. Negre, D. Vindrola, S. Spera, L. Ferraris, and M. Gennari.

Effect of the chemical composition of soil humic acids on their viscosity, surface pressure, and morphology. Soil Sci. 2002, 167(10), 636-651.

Voltammetry (3363) F. N. Crespiho, W. T. Lopes da Silva, and M. O. O. Rezende.

Electrochemical study of the interaction between metribuzin herbicide and vermicompost humic acids. An. Assoc. Brasil. Quim. 2003, 52(2), 61-64.



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(3501) M. A. G. T. van den Hoop, R. D. Porasso, and J. C. Benegas. Complexation of heavy metals by humic acids: analysis of voltammetric data by polyelectrolyte theory. Colloids Surf., A 2003, 203(1-3), 105-116.


(3812) J. T. Nurmi and P. G. Tratnyek. Electrochemical properties of natural organic matter (NOM), fractions of NOM, and model biogeochemical electron shuttles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(4), 617-624.

(3848) E. I. Korotkova, Y. A. Karbainov, and O. A. Avramchik. Investigation of antioxidant and catalytic properties of some biologically active substances by voltammetry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 375(3), 465-468.

(3849) K. Vinodgopal, V. Subramanian, and P. V. Kamat. Selective electrochemical detection of ionic and neutral species using films of Suwannee River humic acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(7), 2161-2166.

Volumetry (3306) A. Saada, H. Gaboriau, S. Cornu, F. Bardot, F. Villieras, and

J. P. Croue. Adsorption of humic acid onto a kaolinitic clay studied by high-resolution argon adsorption volumetry. Clay Miner. 2003, 38(4), 433-443.

X-ray Diffraction (3233) G. Chilom and J. A. Rice. Crystalline components in the lipid

fraction of natural organic matter. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 227th ACS National Meeting; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Chemical Society, 2004; 44(2), 165-168.

X-ray Fluorescence (3447) A. N. Smagunova, U. V. Ondar, E. I. Molchanova, H. V.

Vashukevich, V. A. Kozlov, N. G. Aprelkov, and N. V. Boschchenko. X-ray fluorescence determination of heavy metals in humic acids. J. Anal. Chem. (Translation of Zh. Anal. Chim.) 2004, 59(11), 1066-1072.

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X-ray Microscopy (3108) P. K. Pranzas, R. Willumeit, R. Gehrke, J. Thieme, and A.

Knoechel. Characterization of structure and aggregation processes of aquatic humic substances using small-angle scattering and x-ray microscopy. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 376(5), 618-625.




(3826) J. Thieme, C. Schmidt, G. Abbt-Braun, C. Specht, and F. H. Frimmel. X-ray microscopy studies of refractory organic substances. In Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment, F. H. Frimmel, Ed.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2002; 239-248.

(3827) C. Schmidt, J. Thieme, U. Neuhausier, C. Jacobsen, B. Kaulich, M. Salome, and J. Susini. Spectromicroscopy of soil colloids. J. Phys. IV: Proc. 2003, 104(X-Ray Microscopy), 405-408.


X-ray Scattering (3108) P. K. Pranzas, R. Willumeit, R. Gehrke, J. Thieme, and A.

Knoechel. Characterization of structure and aggregation processes of aquatic humic substances using small-angle scattering and x-ray microscopy. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 376(5), 618-625.

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X-ray Spectroscopy (2986) M. A. Olivella, J. C. del Rio, J. Palacios, M. A.






(3430) N. Ahmed, C. Varadachari, and K. Ghosh. Soil clay-humus complexes. I. Alkali dissolution, TEM, and XRD studies. Austral. J. Soil Res. 2002, 40(4), 691-703.

(3490) M. Plaschke, J. Rothe, M. A. Denecke, and T. Fanghanel. Soft x-ray spectromicroscopy of humic acid europium(III) complexation by comparison to model substances. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2004, 135(1), 53-62.

(3496) K. Schmeide, S. Sachs, T. Reich, K. H. Heise, and G. Bernhard. Determination of structural parameters for Th(IV), Np(IV), Np(V), and Pu(III) humate complexes by means of XAFS spectroscopy. Wiss. Ber. Forschungs. Karlsruhe 2003, FZKA 6800, 65-77.

(3510) T. J. Strathmann, F. M.M. Morel, and S. C. B. Myneni. X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation of nickel(II) complexation by naturally occurring organic compounds In Book of Abstracts, 224th ACS National Meeting; Boston, Massachusetts: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-014.


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(3562) A. Maes, K. Geraedts, C. Bruggeman, J. Vancluysen, A. Rossberg, and C. Henning. Evidence for the interaction of technetium colloids with humic substances by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(7), 2044-2051.


(3595) M. Nachtegaal, C. J. Jacobsen, and D. L. Sparks. X-ray microscopy and C 1s NEXAFS studies of 3d metal interactions with humic acid. In Book of Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; GEOC-128.

(3596) K. Geraedts, C. Bruggeman, A. Maes, L. R. Van Loon, A. Rossberg, and T. Reich. Evidence for the existence of Tc(IV)-humic substance species by x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Radiochim. Acta 2002, 90(12), 879-884.

(3600) M. A. Denecke, C. M. Marquardt, J. Rothe, K. Dardenne, and M. P. Jensen. XAFS study of actinide coordination structure in Np(IV)-fulvates. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2002, (Suppl. 3), 410-413.



(3775) T. Abe and A. Watanabe. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nitrogen functional groups in soil humic acids. Soil Sci. 2004, 169(1), 35-43.

(3776) M. Vairavamurthy. Probing organic nitrogen in geomacromolecules with XANES spectroscopy. In Book of Abstracts, 223rd ACS National Meeting; Orlando, Florida: American Chemical Society, 2002; GEOC-106.

(3851) S. Beauchemin, D. Hesterberg, and M. Beauchemin. Principal component analysis approach for modeling sulfur K-XANES spectra of humic acids. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2002, 66(1), 83-91.

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-198-

Physiology and Physiological Effects

(2954) C. E. W. Steinberg, A. Paul, S. Pflugmacher, T. Meinelt, R.

Kloecking, and C. Wiegand. Pure humic substances have the potential to act as xenobiotic chemicals–a review. Fresenius’ Environ. Bull. 2003, 12(5), 391-401.





(3286) N. Meems, C. E. W. Steinberg, and C. Wiegand. Direct and interacting toxicological effects on the waterflea (Daphnia magna) by natural organic matter, synthetic humic substances and cypermethrin. Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 319(1-3), 123-136.

(3439) Y.-C. Hseu and H.-L. Hsin. The effects of humic acid-arsenate complexes on human red blood cells. Environ. Res. 2002, 89(2), 131-137.

(3479) H.-C. Wang, H. P. Wang, C.-Y. Peng, H.-L. Liu, and H.-L. Huang. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of As-humic substances in the groundwater of the Taiwan blackfoot disease area. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2003, 71(4), 798-803.

(3495) B. Korenkekova, M. Skalicka, and P. Nab. Influence of natrium humate on sorption of cadmium and zinc levels in poultry. Chem. Inz. Ekolog. 2003, 10(6), 553-557.


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(3852) M. Siglova, A. Cejkova, J. Masak, V. Jirku, J. Valina, and J. S. a O. Snajdr. The enhancement of reproduction and biodegradation activity of eukaryotic cells by humic acids. Meded. Fac. Landbouw. Toeg. Biol. Weten. (Univ. Gent) 2003, 68(2a), 199-202.

(3853) S. Yasar, A. Gokcimen, I. Altuntas, Z. Yonden, and E. Petekkaya. Performance and ileal histomorphology of rats treated with humic acid preparations. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2002, 86(7-8), 257-264.

(3854) C.-H. Chen, J.-J. Liu, F.-J. Lu, M.-L. Yang, Y. Lee, and T.-S. Huang. The effect of humic acid on the adhesibility of neutrophils. Thromb. Res. 2002, 108(1), 67-76.

(3855) Y. C. Hseu, S. Y. Wang, H. Y. Chen, F. J. Lu, R. J. Gau, W. C. Chang, T. Z. Liu, and H. L. Yang. Humic acid induces the generation of nitric oxide in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: stimulation of nitric oxide synthase during cell injury. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 2002, 32(7), 619-629.

(3856) Y.-C. Hseu, H.-W. Huang, S.-Y. Wang, H.-Y. Chen, F.-J. Lu, R.-J. Gau, and H.-L. Yang. Humic acid induces apoptosis in human endothelial cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2002, 182(1), 34-43.

(3857) Y.-L. Huang, T.-S. Huang, and F.-J. Lu. Humic acid induces the expression of ox-LDL receptor in HL-60 cells through activation of PPAR . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2003, 71(2), 429-436.

(3858) S. Pflugmacher, C. Pietsch, W. Rieger, A. Paul, T. Preuer, E. Zwirnmann, and C. E. W. Steinberg. Humic substances and their direct effects on the physiology of aquatic plants. In Humic Substances: Nature’s Most Versatile Materials: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference and Sixth Humic Substance Seminar; New York: Taylor & Francis, 2004; 21-27.

(3859) A. Kappler, M. Benz, B. Schink, and A. Brune. Electron shuttling via humic acids in microbial iron(III) reduction in a freshwater sediment. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2004, 47(1), 85-92.

(3860) O. V. Meshcheryakova, A. I. Gruzdev, and N. N. Nemova. Comparative evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) from water bodies with different contents of humic acids. Biol. Bull. (Moscow, Russian Federation)(Translation of Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk Ser. Biol.) 2004, 31(1), 15-20.

(3861) S. Cesco, M. Nikolic, V. Roemheld, Z. Varanini, and R. Pinton. Uptake of 59Fe from soluble 59Fe-humate complexes by cucumber and barley plants. Plant Soil 2002, 241(1), 121-128.

(3862) M.-L. Yang, T.-S. Huang, Y. Lee, T.-H. Chen, S.-Y. Chen, and F.-J. Lu. Inhibition of endogenous thyroid hormone receptor- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- activities by humic acid in a human-derived liver cell line. Thyroid 2002, 12(5), 361-371.

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(3863) V. A. Zlenko, I. V. Kotikov, and L. P. Troshin. Efficient GA3-assisted plant regeneration from cell suspensions of three grape genotypes via somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 2002, 70(3), 295-299.

(3864) V. I. Kozlov, I. G. Mal’tsev, and S. L. Druzhinina. Application of humate “Plodorodie” in animal husbandry. Agrokhim. Vestn. 2002, (1), 28-30.

(3865) H.-L. Yang, Y.-C. Hseu, Y.-T. Hseu, F.-J. Lu, E. Lin, and J.-S. Lai. Humic acid induces apoptosis in human premyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Life Sci. 2004, 75(15), 1817-1831.

(3866) C. E. W. Steinberg, S. Hoess, W. Kloas, I. Lutz, T. Meinelt, S. Pflugmacher, and C. Wiegand. Hormonelike effects of humic substances on fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Environ. Toxicol. 2004, 19(4), 409-411.

(3867) G. K. Joone, J. Dekker, and C. E. J. van Rensburg. Investigation of the immunostimulatory properties of oxihumate. Z. Naturforsch. C J. Biosci. 2003, 58(3-4), 263-267.

(3868) K.-J. Ho, T.-K. Liu, T.-S. Huang, and F.-J. Lu. Humic acid mediates iron release from ferritin and promotes lipid peroxidation in vitro: a possible mechanism for humic acid-induced cytotoxicity. Arch. Toxicol. 2003, 77(2), 100-109.

(3869) C. E. W. Steinberg, S. Hoss, and R. Bruggemann. Further evidence that humic substances have the potential to modulate the reproduction of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 2002, 87(1), 121-133.

on Nitric Oxide Generation

(3855) Y. C. Hseu, S. Y. Wang, H. Y. Chen, F. J. Lu, R. J. Gau, W. C. Chang, T. Z. Liu, and H. L. Yang. Humic acid induces the generation of nitric oxide in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: stimulation of nitric oxide synthase during cell injury. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 2002, 32(7), 619-629.

Pharmacokinetics (3177) L. V. Polovinkin, V. I. Talapin, M. I. Aptseshko, N. I.

Marusich, V. V. Shevlyakov, T. A. Stel’makh, T. I. Kostousova, and S. N. Ezheleva. Hydrohumate. Toksikol. Vestn. 2002, (3), 40-41.

Skin Penetration Kinetics (3053) A.-M. Beer, H. E. Junginger, J. Lukanov, and P. Sagorchev.

Evaluation of the permeation of peat substances through human skin in vitro. Int. J. Pharmaceut. 2003, 253(1-2), 169-175.

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(3870) A.-M. Beer, H. E. Junginger, J. Lukanov, and P. Sagorchev. Evaluation of the permeation of peat substances through human skin in vitro. Int. J. Pharmaceut. 2003, 253(1-2), 169-175.

Toxicology (3177) L. V. Polovinkin, V. I. Talapin, M. I. Aptseshko, N. I.

Marusich, V. V. Shevlyakov, T. A. Stel’makh, T. I. Kostousova, and S. N. Ezheleva. Hydrohumate. Toksikol. Vestn. 2002, (3), 40-41.

(3200) M. E. Botes, J. Dekker, and C. E. J. van Resnburg. Phase I trial with oral oxihumate in HIV-infected patients. Drug Devel. Res. 2002, 57, 34-39.

(3871) J. J. Bergh, I. J. Cronje, J. Dekker, T. G. Dekker, M. L. Gerritsma, and L. Miene.

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Commercial Applications (3225) C. Largeau and E. Lichtfouse, Eds., Characterization and

Dynamics of Humic Substances: Proceedings of the Tenth International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society; Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science, 2002.


(3241) J. L. Newcomb and R. A. Newcomb. Humate production. US 2004/209,320 (October 21, 2004).

Activated Carbon Manufacturing (4158) Ch. N. Barnakov, S. K. Seit-Ablaeva, A. P. Kozlov, Yu. V.

Rokosov, V. B. Fenelonov, and V. N. Parmon. Method of preparing nanostructured carbon material. RU 2,206,394 (August 26, 2002).

Agriculture (2979) M. Klavins, J. Sire, and L. Eglite. Humic substances and

their potential use in agriculture. Review. Proc. Latv. Acad. Sci. Sect. B: Nat. Exact Appl. Sci. 2004, 58(2), 39-48.


(3872) J. G. Hqan, W. K. Lee, and J. A. Shin. Combined use of humic substance-based acid treating agent and nutrient formulation for laver farming and production thereof. KR 2002/008,332 (July 22, 2000).

(3873) K. D. Burnell, F. H. Yelverton, J. C. Neal, T. W. Gannon, and J. S. McElroy. Control of silvery-thread moss (Bryum argentums Hedw.) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting greens. Weed Technol. 2004, 18(3), 560-565.

Fertilizer (2943) K. Fischer, F. Liebner, R. Schiene, and H.-J. Katzur.

N-modified lignin–highly valuable humus substitute and long-lasting fertilizer. Freib. Forschungs. A 2002, A866, 79-88.


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(3427) R. Capasso, A. De Martino, and G. Cristinzio. Production, characterization, and effects on tomato of humic acid-like polymer in metal derivatives from olive oil mill waste waters. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50(14), 4018-4024.

(3449) B. V. Levinskii. Method for preparing complex humin fertilizers. RU 2,237,643 (October 10, 2004).

(3456) M. P. Bocanegra, J. C. Lobartini, and G. A. Orioli. Iron-humate as a source of iron for plants. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2004, 35(17&18), 2567-2576.


(3774) Z. M. Milicevic and P. R. Petrovic. Determination of the optimal conditions for preparation of potassium nitro-humate from lignite. Hem. Ind. 2004, 58(1), 19-25.

(3874) Z. Sun, S. Xue, W. Liang, and Y. Liu. Effects of different application rates of humic acid compound fertilizer on pepper and its mechanism of anti-senility and incremental yield. Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao 2004, 15(1), 81-84.

(3875) B. V. Levinskii and S. M. Kurchenko. Method of processing coal for production of organic fertilizers and plant growth regulators. RU 2,193,547 (February 12, 2001).

(3890) D. Neri, E. M. Lodolini, K. Muthuchelian, G. Bonanomi, and F. Zucconi. Physiological responses to several organic compounds applied to primary leaves of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.). Acta Hortic. 2002, 594, 309-314.

(3894) D. Neri, E. M. Lodolini, G. Savini, P. Sabbatini, G. Bonanomi, and F. Zucconi. Foliar application of humic acids on strawberry (cv Onda). Acta Hortic. 2002, 594, 297-302.

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(3895) A. Luchnik. Humate “Plodorodie” testing in Kostroma. Agrokhim. Vestn. 2002, (1), 6-13.

(3899) C. J. Green, M. M. Kenty, J. Thomas, T. Blythe, N. Buehring, M. Hararison, C. Burmester, J. Camberato, D. Dunn, G. Stevens, D. D. Howard, and A. M. Stewart. Hydra-Hume products: effects on cotton fertility management. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf. 2003, 2134-2139.

(3900) W. M. Van der Krieken, C. J. Kok, and L. H. Stevens. Compositions comprising lignosulfonates for improving crop stress-resistance, yield and quality. WO 2004/066,730 (January 27, 2003).

(3912) G. Masciandaro, B. Ceccanti, V. Ronchi, S. Benedicto, and L. Howard. Humic substances to reduce salt effect on plant germination and growth. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2002, 33(3 & 4), 365-378.

(3919) S. Chiba, T. Ikenaka, T. Nishida, S. Obana, and H. Takahashi. Solid humic acid-supplying materials containing humic substances and gypsum. JP 2003/000,091 (June 21, 2001).

(3920) E. C. Hince. Solid-chemical compositions, geochemical binder system, and improved high-shear granulation process for both conventional and slow-release fertilizer and bioremediation nutrient compositions. US 2002/178,772 (June 4, 2001).

(3921) B. Mao, G. Wei, C. Zhang, and Q. Li. Organic fertilizer and its production process. CN 1,348,939 (October 18, 2000).

(3922) K. Gondek. Fractional composition of humus compounds in soil with added composts and vermicomposts of tannery sludge. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 2002, 35(2), 63-73.

(3923) Y. Hou, J. Song, and J. Guo. Synergist of nitrogen fertilizer and its application. CN 1,361,092 (December 28, 2000).

(3924) D. Neri, E. M. Lodolini, M. Luciani, P. Sabbatini, and G. Savini. The persistence of humic acid droplets on leaf surface. Acta Hortic. 2002, 594, 303-308.

(3925) N. E. Abasheeva, N. M. Kozhevnikova, M. G. Merkusheva, Ts. D. Mangataev, L. L. Ubugunov, and L. N. Boloneva. Complex fertilizer with prolonged action. RU 2,185,050 (December 9, 2000).

(3926) Y. Bi and D. Wang. Liquid fertilizer for flowering. CN 1,343,646 (September 16, 2000).

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(3927) Y. Bi and D. Wang. Solid fertilizer containing xanthohumic acid for flowering. CN 1,343,645 (September 16, 2000).

(3928) R. S. Porubcan. Manure- and Bacillus-based fertilizer compositions. US 2003/167,811 (December 31, 2001).

(3929) G. D. Andreev, V. N. Vergunov, N. A. Donskikh, V. V. Shelud’ko, and E. M. Mogilevskaya. Method for production of granulated fertilizer mixtures. RU 2,225,382 (September 9, 2002).

(3930) Q. Lu and Y. Xie. Preparation of rare earth modified composite slow-release fertilizer. CN 1,368,491 (February 10, 2001).

(3931) G. He, L. Peng, J. Li, J. Zhang, Y. Peng, G. Meng, and H. Chen. Production of active biofertilizer from biologically treated garbage and method for comprehensive use. CN 1,382,668 (May 9, 2002).

(3932) J. Shao. Preparation of composite chelating fertilizer with middle and trace elements. CN 1,371,890 (February 19, 2001).

(3933) J. Shao. Preparation of composite chelating fertilizer with trace elements. CN 1,371,888 (February 19, 2001).

(3934) J. Shao. Preparation of chelated multinutrient fertilizer. CN 1,371,887 (February 19, 2001).

(3935) K. S. Nikol’skii, V. V. Ryabkov, V. N. Kryazhev, and E. N. Ratnikov. Utilization of solid waste from the manufacture of cellulose esters as organic and organic-mineral fertilizers. In Efiry Tsellyulozy I Krakhmala: 9th Sintez, Svoistva, Primenenie, Materialy Vserossiiskoi Nauchno- Tekhnicheskoi Konferentsii s Mezhdunoarodnym Uchyastiem, V. N. Kryazhev and M. N. Plotnikova, Eds.; Vladimir, Russia: Izdatel’stvo “Posad” LR, 2003; 257-260.

(3936) Z. Zhang and L. Zhang. Method and apparatus for manufacture of long-lasting water-retaining composite fertilizer. CN 1,380,272 (April 11, 2001).

(3937) M. A. Bzikov, V. I. Gasiev, N. A. Misik, A. A. Abaev, and T. S. Abieva. Manure composting process. RU 2,211,821 (February 26, 2002).

(3938) X. Han. Long-acting fertilizer specific for green soybean. CN 1,354,159 (December 27, 2001).

(3939) S. Li. Activated phosphorus fertilizer compound. CN 1,373,108 (October 16, 2001).

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(3940) L. Wu. Y. Liu, and S. Cheng. Preparation of encapsulated humic acid and urea. CN 1,376,652 (March 28, 2001).

(3941) D. Jiang. Preparation of multi-function liquid agricultural nutrient. CN 1,353,101 (December 11, 2001).

(3942) Z. Yang. Efficient compound fertilizer which enhances crop growth under drought, salty and alkaline soil. CN 1,334,261 (July 17, 2000).

(3943) H. Ye, J. Fu, and Q. Xu. Controlled release fertilizer suitable for calcareous soil. CN 1,332,136 (July 6, 2001).

(3944) W. Chi, X. Zhou, and S. Luo. Industrial process for production of humic acid-rich organic fertilizer. CN 1,397,526 (July 26, 2002).

(3945) R. Kurbanli, E. Pehlivan, G. Ahmetli, N. Sen, A. Kocak, and F. Novruzova. Organo-mineral fertilizers from ammoniated lignites. Euras. Chem.-Technol. J. 2002, 4(4), 297-302.

(3946) J. Fecenko. Trace elements are desirable for fertilizing field crops. Agrochemia (Nitra, Slovakia) 2004, 8(1), 6-10.

(3947) C. Babeanu, E. Badea, G. Marinescu, and G. Ciobanu. Investigations on the biofertilizer effect of humic acids by comparison with other synthetic and biological fertilizers. J. Environ. Protect. Ecol. 2003, 4(2), 386-392.

(3948) B. Hou. Multi-element fertilizer for soybean and its application. CN 1,331,062 (June 29, 2000).

(3949) R. B. Poloskin, Yu. Yu. Polyakov, O. A. Gladkov, I. V. Sokolova, R. G. Ivanova, and S. V. Alekseeva. Method for preparing humatized organic fertilizer. RU 2,227,130 (December 19, 2001).

(3950) A. V. Azovkin, G. I. Sikavin, and A. Ya. Ron. Method of production of a granulated combined fertilizer and the fertilizer production line. RU 2,226,427 (December 19, 2001).

(3951) Y. Cui, J. Guo, Z. Kang, G. Yin, Z. Deng, L. Liao, G. Yi, W. Mo, and K. Zhang. Preparation of drought-resistant and water-retaining multifunctional organic composite fertilizer. CN 1,361,090 (December 29, 2000).

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(3952) T. Omura. Fertilizer mixture containing humic acids and synthetic chemical compounds. JP 2003/128,487 (October 23, 2001).

(3953) T. Kikuchi. Mixed lime fertilizer. JP 2003/128,484 (October 18, 2001).

(3954) Z. Wiesman and A., Markus. Multi-layer adjuvants for controlled delivery of agro-materials into plant tissues. WO 2003/020,028 (September 2, 2002).

(3955) A. I. Garcia-Valcarcel and J. L. Tadeo. Influence of organic fertilizer application on pendimethalin volatization and persistence in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(4), 999-1004.

(3956) M. Tejada, C. Benitez, and J. L. Gonzalez. Nitrogen mineralization in soil with conventional and organomineral fertilization practices. Commun. Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2002, 33(19 & 20), 3679-3702.

(3957) V. V. Platonov. Preparation of complex organomineral fertilizer from a mineral fertilizer and alkali metal humates. RU 2,184,103 (July 4, 2001).

(3958) X. Zhang, R. E. Schmidt, E. H. Ervin, and S. Doak. Creeping bentgrass physiological responses to natural plant growth regulators and iron under two regimes. HortScience 2002, 37(6), 898-902.

(3959) D. M. R. Sekhar, N. C. Aery, and D. K. Gupta. Phosphatic fertilisers: an alternate approach. Indian Chem. Eng. 2002, 44(3), 192-196.

(3960) F. D. Oeste. Fertilizer from manure slurry. DE 10,120,372 (April 25, 2001).

(3961) Y. Yao. Organic compound fertilizer containing trace elements and its production process. CN 1,337,382 (August 3, 2000).

(3962) V. G. Bezuglov and R. M. Gafurov. Effectiveness of sodium humate-containing fertilizers in tank mixtures with herbicides on winter wheat. Agrokhimiya 2002, (9), 41-46.

(3963) C. J. Kulik. Slow acting high nitrogen fertilizer composition containing urea, alfalfa, and tannins. US 6,458,747 (May 10, 2001).

(3964) A. Sanchez-Sanchez, J. Sanchez-Andreu, M. Juarez, J. Jorda, and D. Bermudez. Humic substances and amino acids improve effectiveness of chelate FeEDDHA in lemon trees. J. Plant Nutr. 2002, 25(11), 2433-2442.

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(3965) B. Zakiewicz. Matrix of meltable minerals and fertilizers containing elemental sulfur. US 2002/151,621 (April 11, 2001).

(3966) D. Liang and D. Li. Preparation of highly active milticomponent fertilizer. CN 1,351,981 (December 6, 2001).

(3967) L. Yu, J. Rong, T. Zhang, W. Zhen, R. Wu, and X. Jin. Preparation and application of synergist for plant photosynthesis containing monohydric alcohols and activating agent. CN 1,390,460 (April 27, 2002).

(3968) V. N. Kulakov, V. V. Kulakov, E. S. Shchepotin, and V. V. Andreev. Preparation of humus-mineral fertilizer. RU 2,181,349 (April 11, 2001).

(3969) I. D. Komissarov, V. A. Ustupalova, E. G. Kozel, and G. N. Filisyuk. Method for preparing slowly acting encapsulated fertilizers. RU 2,224,732 (October 25, 2002).

(3970) Ya. A. Novitskii and S. V. Lapenok. Liquid organomineral humin fertilizer and liquid humin composite for its preparation. RU 2,220,933 (June 29, 2001).

(3971) Z. Ma, Y. Yang, and Z. Guo. Humic acid composite fertilizer and its production process. CN 1,400,197 (July 4, 2002).

(3972) Z. Hao, J. Cao, and S. He. Humic acid composite-containing top dressing fertilizer. CN 1,398,828 (July 24, 2002).

(3973) Z. Hao, J. Cao, and S. He. Humic acid and NPK fertilizer-containing top-dressing fertilizer. CN 1,398,829 (July 24, 2002).

(3974) Z. Yu. Amino acid composite liquid fertilizer and its production process. CN 1,398,830 (April 17, 2002).

(3975) H. N. Hyun, D. G. Kim, and J. U. Yang. Manufacture of liquid fertilizer using organic industrial waste and apparatus therefore. KR 2002/042,013 (November 29, 2000).

(3976) J. Kitten. Sugar-mobilizing and insecticidal fertilizer composition. US 6,335,308 (March 29, 2000).

(3977) S. Shi. Method and device for preparing compounded fertilizer. CN 1,401,615 (September 26, 2002).

(3978) Y. Yang, Z. Guo, and Z. Ma. Humic acid, multiple nutrient liquid fertilizer and its preparing method. CN 1,401,616 (July 24, 2002).

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(3979) F. Catalano. Organic fertilizer-herbicide combination that includes betaine. US 2004/121,914 (October 16, 2003).

(3980) Z. Sun, S. Xue, H. Du, and T. Li. Study on nutrient release and movement and soil fertility applied by humic acid compound fertilizer. Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao 2002, 25(3), 19-22.

(3981) T. Aonuma. Fertilizer complexes. JP 2003/171,196 (December 3, 2001).

(3982) J. Katzur, K. Fischer, L. Boecker, F. Liebner, and R. Schiene. Fertilizing effects of N-modified brown coal and its consequences to plant, soil and N-leaching losses. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 2003, 49(1), 61-75.

(3983) X. Zhang. Formulation and preparation of highly effective bioorganic fertilizer. CN 1,368,487 (March 1, 2001).

(3984) Q. Lu and Y. Xie. Preparation of composite slow-release fertilizer with rare earth elements. CN 1,368,492 (February 10, 2001).

(3985) E. G. G. Feibert, C. C. Shock, and L. D. Saunders. Nonconventional additives leave onion yield and quality unchanged. HortScience 2003, 38(3), 381-386.

(3986) S.-y. Li, J.-l. Chen, C.-l. Li, H.-l. Yang, and W.-s. Zhao. Making humic acid fertilizer with industrial alkali waste. Jilin Huagong Xueyuan Xuebao 2002, 19(2), 20-22.

(3987) Nadar Chimica. Nitrification-inhibiting composition for nitrogen fertilizers. IT 2000/MI0365 (February 28, 2000).

(3988) V. A. Il’in, O. I. Pakhotin, E. N. Selin, N. E. Zhavoronkova, Z. P. Simbireva, V. R. Ansheles, O. E. Vasil’kova, T. V. Mokhnatkina, O. L. Glagolev, A. Yu. Sokolov, and V. P. Samsonov. Preparation of a humated granulated ammonium nitrate fertilizer. RU 2,206,553 (August 29, 2001).

(3989) A. A. Stepkin and U. A. Stepkina. Fertilizer from mixing and treating activated sludge and wastewater treatment organic sediments. WO 2003/055,811 (November 27, 2002).

(3990) Ya. A. Novitskii and S. V. Lapenok. Liquid organomineral humin fertilizer. RU 2,203,255 (June 29, 2001).

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(3991) M. L. Boote and B. J. Boote. Iron-zinc fertilizer granules. US 6,372,008 (April 20, 1999).

(3992) H. S. Kim, I. S. Lee, D. S. Yoo, and Y. M. Yook. Preparation method of microbe fertilizer using microbes and humic acid. KR 2002/036,830 (May 2, 2002).

(3993) D. Zhu, K. Qiu, H. Yang, L. Duan, B. Li, G. Chen, W. Zhang, and A. Wu. Process for production of urea-based organic-inorganic composite fertilizer. CN 1,465,551 (June 14, 2002).

(3994) T. Mei. Macromolecular compound-containing composite fertilizer and its production process. CN 1,412,159 (October 16, 2001).

(3995) G. Sun and H. Yan. Powdery multi-element fertilizer and its production process. CN 1,412,155 (November 9, 2001).

(3996) V. D. Streikov, V. V. Morozovskii, and V. I. Shepelev. Method for treatment of cereal and technical crops. RU 2,231,261 (June 14, 2001).

(3997) N. V. Bodoev, E. V. Zoltoev, and T. Ts. Batuev. Phosphoric organomineral fertilizer. RU 2,229,460 (June 3, 2003).


(3999) T. Zh. Umarov, O. I. Pobedonostseva, and B. M. Beglov. Manufacture of the complex phosphorus-nitrogen-humin fertilizer Fagum. Khim. Promyshl. (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) 2004, 81(6), 313-316.

(4000) Z.-h. Li, C.-i. Li, S.-h. Wang, Q. Gao, and F.-s. Zhang. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer and regulator on maize roots and rhizosphere. Jilin Nongye Daxue Xuebao 2004, 26(2), 165-169.

(4001) N. D. Argunov, S. P. Sheremet, V. V. Gan’shin, L. P. Bogdanova, R. A. Afanas’ev, G. E. Merzlaya, and N. A. Kosaeva. Organomineral fertilizer. RU 2,234,486 (July 11, 2002).

(4002) K. S. Nikol’skii, A. I. Es’kov, V. V. Ryabkov, and L. V. Den’gina. Method for preparing organic fertilizer. RU 2,233,256 (August 6, 2002).

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(4003) B. Wang, Y. Xie, and W. Lu. Ecological fertilizer and its production process. CN 1,405,123 (October 22, 2002).

(4004) W. Guan, X. Wang, and T. Hu. Effect of various composite materials on nutrient supply of chemical fertilizer and growth of corn. Huafei Gongye 2003, 30(5), 11-13.

(4005) G. Tang, D. Zhao, R. Ding, and X. Liu. Technological study of fillers for bulk blended fertilizers. Huafei Gongye 2003, 30(5), 31-32.

(4006) Y. Kato, S. Nakamura, and A. Hashiba. Organic agricultural materials containing (1) humic acids with at least one of coal, lignite, and brown coal, and (2) plant nutrient elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Si, and P. JP 2004/269,279 (March 5, 2003).

(4007) G. Sun and H. Yan. Liquid multi-element fertilizer and its production process. CN 1,410,395 (November 9, 2001).

(4008) Ya. M. Kornienko. Study of the kinetics of formation of nitrogen-potassium-humic fertilizer granules. Nauk. Vist.-Nats. Tekhn. Univ. Ukr. “Kiivs’kii Polit. Inst.” 2004, (3), 114-118.

(4009) O. Turkmen, M. A. Bozkurt, M. Yildiz, and K. M. Cimrin. Effects of nitrogen and humic acid applications on the head weight, nutrient and nitrate contents in lettuce. AFS, Adv. Food Sci. 2004, 26(2), 59-63.

(4010) E. B. L. Musmeci, E. Stacul, M. R. Boni, and A. Chiavola. Monitoring of a full-scale rotating drum composting plant: a preliminary study. Proc. 18th Int. Conf. Solid Waste Technol. Manag. 2003, 853-862

(4011) A. Josef. Granular agrochemical compositions containing phosphite and other nutrients and process for their manufacture. WO 2004/011,394 (July 25, 2003).

(4012) G. Liu. Preparation of solid-state fermentation carrier for natural, full-nutritive, organic and microbiological fertilizer. CN 1,357,515 (December 12, 2000).

(4013) J. R. Lynch, T. D. Birthisel, and C. S. Taylor. Water-dispersible pellets for controlled release of bioavailable nitrogen. US 2004/009,878 (September 16, 2002).

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(4014) H.-U. Hoehl, M. Fricke, and H.-J. Warnecke. Procedure for production of liquid fertilizer and low-nutrient substrate from compost. DE 10,228,343 (June 25, 2002).

(4015) V. V. Degtyarev, A. V. Min’kov, A. V. Apkaneev, and S. G. Nikolaev. Method of preparing organic fertilizer. RU 2,216,528 (May 8, 2002).

(4016) G. Murdoch-Brown. Controlled-release fertilizers containing humic acids and their manufacture. WO 2004/002,921 (June 30, 2003).

(4017) Q. Liu and X. Zhang. Utilization of alkali lignin of rice straw as fertilizer. Zhongguo Zaozhi 2002, 21(4), 29-32.

(4018) T. Zh. Umarov. Production of delayed-action nitrogen fertilizer based on urea and humic acids. O’zbek. Kim. J. 2003, (3), 59-63.

(4019) X. Me and P. Zhao. Multi-functional fertilizer additive. CN 1,386,725 (May 17, 2001).

(4020) F. Xu and T. Yu. Biological humic acid fertilizer and its preparation process. CN 1,388,095 (May 29, 2001).

(4021) C. Bu, D. Huang, Y. Zhang, and Y. Yao. Organic slow-release fertilizer used in soilless cultivation. CN 1,388,099 (July 4, 2002).

(4022) Q. Guan. Preparation and application of synergist for chemical fertilizer. CN 1,388,100 (July 4, 2002).

(4023) W. Liu. Preparation of natural organic fertilizer with humic acid. CN 1,385,403 (June 12, 2002).

(4024) M. Wang, J. Xue, Y. Zhang, and L. Jia. Process for preparing ecological fertilizer from green organic wastes. CN 1,385,401 (March 14, 2002).

(4026) F. Zhang, Ji. Zhang, Ju. Zhang, B. Zhao, X. He, Q. Yao, J. Yang, and C. Shi. Production of nanometer humic acids-polymer composite and its application in agriculture. CN 1,390,877 (July 11, 2002).

(4043) S. Miele and E. Bargiacchi. Fertilizing composition for amending and structuring saline and alkaline soils. WO 2002/059,063 (January 26, 2001).

(4046) Y. Kato, S. Nakamura, and A. Hashiba. Organic agricultural materials containing humic acids and nutrient elements readily absorbable by plants. JP 2004/269,280 (March 5, 2003).

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(4050) Q. Yang. Fertilizer-containing disease-resistance-improving soil amendment. CN 1,385,492 (April 30, 2002).

(4062) Cz. Xu, Ce. Xu, and Ch. Xu. Multiple-effect biological nutritional agent. CN 1,377,860 (April 5, 2001).

(4134) T. Omura. Compost from dried kitchen garbage mixed with humic acids. JP 2003/145,110 (November 12, 2001).

(4138) T. Matsunaga and K. Nakamura. Slow-release granular potting soil. JP 2003/143,943 (November 12, 2001).

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compositions. WO 2003/059,063 (January 9, 2003). Insecticide (3976) J. Kitten. Sugar-mobilizing and insecticidal fertilizer

composition. US 6,335,308 (March 29, 2000). Plant Growth Stimulant (3013) D. Pizzeghello, G. Nicolini, and S. Nardi. Hormone-

like activities of humic substances in different forest ecosystems. New Phytol. 2002, 155(3), 393-402.



(3166) P. Yamada, K. Asou, Y. Yazawa, and T. Yamaguchi. Plant physiological activities by humic acid and fulvic acid extracted from peat and weathered coal. Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi 2002, 73(6), 777-781.


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(3773) C.-s. Zhao, H. Zhang, and Z.-w. Guo. Study on production process and biological activation of nitrohumic acid. Harbin Ligong Daxue Xuebao 2003, 8(6), 70-72.

(3874) Z. Sun, S. Xue, W. Liang, and Y. Liu. Effects of different application rates of humic acid compound fertilizer on pepper and its mechanism of anti-senility and incremental yield. Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao 2004, 15(1), 81-84.

(3875) B. V. Levinskii and S. M. Kurchenko. Method of processing coal for production of organic fertilizers and plant growth regulators. RU 2,193,547 (February 12, 2001).

(3876) N. Pilanali and M. Kaplan. Investigation of effects on nutrient uptake of humic acid applications of different forms to strawberry plant. J. Plant Nutr. 2003, 26(4), 835-843.

(3877) A. R. Khan and S. Mir. Plant growth stimulation of lignite humic acids. Part III: Effect of ammonium humate on seed cotton yield and fiber quality. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2002, 45(5), 291-294.

(3878) X. Zhang, E. H. Ervin, and R. E. Schmidt. Plant growth regulators can enhance the recovery of Kentucky bluegrass sod from heat injury. Crop Sci. 2003, 43(3), 952-956.

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(3879) A. A. Khripovich and N. L. Makarova. Chemical composition of Aminogumat, a plant growth regulator. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (5), 3-8.

(3880) Gi. Dou, Gu. Dou, and L. Dou. Multiple-dimensioned green chemical agent and its application. CN 1,394,484 (July 9, 2001).

(3881) W. Xu, Z. Wang, Z. Jia, Y. Huang, L. Yuan, and J. Wang. Use of several plant materials and chemicals to inhibit soil urease activity and increase nitrogen recovery rate of urea by plant. Pedosphere 2002, 12(3), 275-282.

(3882) H. A. Hartung. Stable organic biostimulant useful in agricultural, horticulture and microbial processes. US 6,434,884 (October 14, 1999).

(3883) J. B. Dudley, A. J. Pertuit, Jr., and J. E. Toler. Leonardite influences Zinnia and marigold growth. HortScience 2004, 39(2), 251-255.

(3884) K. M. Sellamuthu and M. Govindaswamy. Effect of fertiliser and humic acid on rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzymes at an early stage of sugarcane growth. Sugar Tech 2003, 5(4), 273-277.

(3885) W. S. Johnson. Seed treatment for germination stimulation and plant vigor enhancement. US 2004/063,582 (September 17, 2002).

(3886) S. Quaggiotti, B. Ruperti, D. Pizzeghello, O. Francioso, V. Tugnoli, and S. Nardi. Effect of low molecular size humic substances on nitrate uptake and expression of genes involved in nitrate transport in maize (Zea mays L.). J. Exp. Bot. 2004, 55(398), 803-813.

(3887) X. Gao and C. Yan. Drought-resistant, salt-resistant and antiviral plant growth regulator and its application. CN 1,401,248 (August 17, 2001).

(3888) L. P. Canellas, F. L. Olivares, A. L. Okorokova-Facanha, and A. R. Facanha. Humic acids isolated from earthworm compost enhance root elongation, lateral root emergence, and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in maize roots. Plant Physiol. 2002, 130(4), 1951-1957.

(3889) S. Li. Plant water-retaining growth accelerating agent. CN 1,358,821 (December 13, 2000).

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(3890) D. Neri, E. M. Lodolini, K. Muthuchelian, G. Bonanomi, and F. Zucconi. Physiological responses to several organic compounds applied to primary leaves of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.). Acta Hortic. 2002, 594, 309-314.

(3891) S. Nardi, D. Pizzeghello, A. Muscolo, and A. Vianello. Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2002, 34(11), 1527-1536.

(3892) A. R. Khan and S. Mir. Plant growth stimulation of lignite humic acid. Part II: Effect of lignite derived ammonium humate on wheat (Triticum aestivum-V) crop using different levels of phosphate fertilizer. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2002, 45(4), 273-276.

(3893) M. Sharif, R. A. Khattak, and M. S. Sarir. Effect of different levels of lignite coal derived humic acid on growth of maize plants. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2002, 33(19 & 20), 3567-3580.

(3894) D. Neri, E. M. Lodolini, G. Savini, P. Sabbatini, G. Bonanomi, and F. Zucconi. Foliar application of humic acids on strawberry (cv Onda). Acta Hortic. 2002, 594, 297-302.

(3895) N. A. Luchnik. Humate “Plodorodie” testing in Kostroma. Agrokhim. Vestn. 2002, (1), 6-13.

(3896) H. Tan, X. Fan, J. Zhou, and L. Xiao. Plant growth regulator containing abscisic acid. CN 1,318,300 (April 25, 2001).

(3897) R. M. Atiyeh, S. Lee, C. A. Edwards, N. Q. Arancon, and J. D. Metzger. The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource Technol. 2002, 84(1), 7-14.

(3898) F. Killi. Effects of potassium humate solution and soaking periods on germination characteristics of undelinted cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J. Environ. Biol. 2004, 25(4), 395-398.

(3899) C. J. Green, M. M. Kenty, J. Thomas, T. Blythe, N. Buehring, M. Hararison, C. Burmester, J. Camberato, D. Dunn, G. Stevens, D. D. Howard, and A. M. Stewart. Hydra-Hume products: effects on cotton fertility management. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf. 2003, 2134-2139.

(3900) W. M. Van der Krieken, C. J. Kok, and L. H. Stevens. Compositions comprising lignosulfonates for improving crop stress-resistance, yield and quality. WO 2004/066,730 (January 27, 2003).

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(3901) O. Tuerkmen, A. Durun, M. Turan, and C. Erdinc. Calcium and humic acid affect seed germination, growth, and nutrient content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings under saline soil conditions. Acta Agric. Scand. B: Soil Plant Sci. 2004, 54(3), 168-174.

(3902) E. V. Chekasina and I. V. Egorov. Composition for stimulation of fruit formation containing phytohormones, nutrients, and growth regulators. RU 2,202,186 (February 22, 2001).

(3903) M. S. Kebich, N. A. Zyrina, E. P. Shishakov, N. Yu. Zhabrovskaya, and L. Yu. Malitskaya. Problem of preparing and using growth regulators in the plant production (review). Mater. Tekhnol. Instrum. 2002, 7(4), 48-53.

(3904) G. Gramss, K.-d. Voigt, and H. Bergmann. Irrigation with plant extracts in ecofarming increases biomass production and mineral and organic nitrogen content of plants. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2003, 166(5), 612-620.

(3905) M. R. Evans and G. Li. Effect of humic acids on growth of annual ornamental seedling plugs. HortTechnology 2003, 13(4), 661-665.

(3926) Y. Bi and D. Wang. Liquid fertilizer for flowering. CN 1,343,646 (September 16, 2000).

(3927) Y. Bi and D. Wang. Solid fertilizer containing xanthohumic acid for flowering. CN 1,343,645 (September 16, 2000).

(3958) X. Zhang, R. E. Schmidt, E. H. Ervin, and S. Doak. Creeping bentgrass physiological responses to natural plant growth regulators and iron under two regimes. HortScience 2002, 37(6), 898-902.

Plant Protectant (2961) J. A. Pascual, C. Garcia, T. Hernandez, J. L. Moreno,

and M. Ros. The use of composts in the biological control of pests: an alternative to chemical pesticides. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Waste Management and the Environment, D. Almorza, Ed.; Southampton, United Kingdom: WIT Press, 2002; 223-230.

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(3412) C. Zhang, S. Li, B. Li, and W. Li. Efficacy of coal-based acid on the bioactivity of tribenuron-methyl. In Preprints of Symposia; American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, 2003; 48(1), 72-73.

(3887) X. Gao and C. Yan. Drought-resistant, salt-resistant and antiviral plant growth regulator and its application. CN 1,401,248 (August 17, 2001).

(3906) P. M. Shorin, P. N. Okazov, A. N. Shcherbinin, Z. P. Okazova, and A. A. Shalygina. Composition for preplanting treatment of potato tubers containing potassium humate. RU 2,195,098 (March 30, 2001).

(3907) J. Sun, H. Shan, K. Qi, T. Liu, and D. Zhao. Insecticide composition. CN 1,347,647 (October 8, 2000).

(3908) E. Zomer. Floating sustained-release insecticide granules. WO 2002/087,342 (April 15, 2002).

(3909) M. Takekawa. Insect-repellent simple apparatus containing natural materials, its manufacture, and its use. JP 2003/055,124 (August 21, 2001).

(3910) H. Doostdar. Stable concentrated formulations for enhancing plant defense responses. WO 2003/051,120 (December 11, 2002).

(3911) D. J. Moon and A. J. Anderson. Methods of protecting plants from pathogens. US 6,582,961 (September 17, 2001).

(3912) G. Masciandaro, B. Ceccanti, V. Ronchi, S. Benedicto, and L. Howard. Humic substances to reduce salt effect on plant germination and growth. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2002, 33(3 & 4), 365-378.

(3913) R. D. Coleman. Synergistic agricultural fungicide compositions. WO 2003/059,063 (January 9, 2003).

(3914) V. I. Klimenko. Protective-stimulating complex Polyazophos for protection of plants against diseases and regulation of their growth. RU 2,231,263 (December 13, 2001).

(3915) S. Li, C. Zhang, and B. Li. Insecticide containing coal-based acid and Bacillus thuringiensis. CN 1,404,736 (September 20, 2001).

(3916) G. Ferrara, E. Loffredo, and N. Senesi. Anticlastogenic, antitoxic and sorption effects of humic substances on the mutagen maleic hydrazide tested in leguminous plants. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2004, 55(3), 449-458.

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(3917) Anon. Humates; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. Fed. Reg. 2004, 69(115), 33576-33578.

(3918) S. Kamenova-Jouhimenko, V. Georgieva, H. Hristov, and Y. Markovska. Protective action of humic acids against cadmium toxicity in pea plants (Pizum sativum). Rasten. Nauki 2003, 40(3), 283-287.

Seed Coating/Treatment (3877) A. R. Khan and S. Mir. Plant growth stimulation of

lignite humic acids. Part III: Effect of ammonium humate on seed cotton yield and fiber quality. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2002, 45(5), 291-294.

(3885) W. S. Johnson. Seed treatment for germination stimulation and plant vigor enhancement. US 2004/063,582 (September 17, 2002).

(3898) F. Killi. Effects of potassium humate solution and soaking periods on germination characteristics of undelinted cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J. Environ. Biol. 2004, 25(4), 395-398.

(4025) J. A. Eastin. Solid matrix control of seed conditioning using selected cell cycle stages. US 6,646,181 (February 21, 2000).

(4026) F. Zhang, Ji. Zhang, Ju. Zhang, B. Zhao, X. He, Q. Yao, J. Yang, and C. Shi. Production of nanometer humic acids-polymer composite and its application in agriculture. CN 1,390,877 (July 11, 2002).

Soil Amendment (3427) R. Capasso, A. De Martino, and G. Cristinzio.

Production, characterization, and effects on tomato of humic acid-like polymer in metal derivatives from olive oil mill waste waters. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50(14), 4018-4024.


(3955) A. I. Garcia-Valcarcel and J. L. Tadeo. Influence of organic fertilizer application on pendimethalin volatization and persistence in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51(4), 999-1004.

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(4027) C. Liu and R. J. Cooper. Humic acid application does not improve salt tolerance of hydroponically grown creeping bentgrass. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 2002, 127(2), 219-223.

(4028) M. Long, H. Zhang, Z. Chen, G. Chen, and F. Zeng. Study on polymeric structure amendments. III. Amelioration to lateritic red soil by polyacrylamide. Turang Tongbao 2002, 33(1), 9-13.

(4029) C. Wang. Process for preparing soil amendment from xanthohumic acid, composite amino acids and drought-resistant organic fertilizer. CN 1,331,273 (June 26, 2000).

(4030) V. Gehr and B. Reinholdt. Peat substitute soil amendment which inhibits nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. DE 10,131,347 (June 28, 2001).

(4031) M. Yamamoto, K. Iio, T. Ootomo, N. Takamiya, and T. Yamaguchi. Water-absorbing materials and their manufacture from peat moss-based materials. JP 2003/082,041 (September 12, 2001).

(4032) M. Yamamoto. Synthesis and utilization of water-absorbent materials derived from peat. Kenkyu-Hokoku–Tokyo-toritsu Sangyo Gijutsu Kenkyusho 2002, 5, 131-132.

(4033) A. I. Shulgin. Manufacture of humic mineral ameliorant and method for rehabilitating rugged soils and lands in oil and gas well areas. WO 2002/081,593 (April 2, 2002).

(4034) X. Wang and Q. Zhou. Soil amendment and accumulation of heavy metals in meadow burozem-crop systems. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2004, 72(2), 298-306.

(4035) T. Yamaguchi, T. Takei, Y. Yazawa, M. T. F. Wong, R. J. Gilkes, and R. S. Swift. Effect of humic acid, sodium, and calcium additions on the formation of water-stable aggregates in Western Australian wheatbelt soils. Aust. J. Soil Res. 2004, 42(4), 435-439.

(4036) M. Lado, A. Paz, and M. Ben-Hur. Organic matter and aggregate size interactions in infiltration, seal formation, and soil loss. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2004, 68(3), 935-942.

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(4037) M. T. Dell’Abate, F. Pinzari, A. Benedetti, B. M. Petronio, and C. Dazzi. Soil humic acids formation and characteristics in a xeric mollisol reforested with two tree species. Devel. Soil Sci. 2002, 28B(Soil Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health), 393-404.

(4038) D. Peiris, A. F. Patti, W. R. Jackson, M. Marshall, and C. J. Smith. The use of Ca-modified, brown-coal-derived humates and fulvates for treatment of soil acidity. Aust. J. Soil Res. 2002, 40(7), 1171-1186.

(4039) Y. Zhai. Nutritive additive for desert and soil. CN 1,343,754 (September 21, 2000).

(4040) R. D. Petrea, B. H. Suddeth, S. A. Whiteside, and C. A. Byrd. Amendment for sandy soils to reduce water repellency. WO 2003/050,061 (October 16, 2002).

(4041) H. A. De Bruyn and W. W. Focke. A polymer binder and method of soil stabilization by forming a solid aggregate matrix from particulate material. WO 2003/060,038 (January 14, 2003).

(4042) M. C. Fernandes, L. Cox, A. Zsolnay, M. C. Hermosin, and J. Cornejo. Organic amendments as affecting adsorption of fungicides by soils. In Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Pesticide Chemistry: Pesticides in Air, Plant, Soil & Water Systems, A. A. M. Del Re, Ed.; Pavia, Italy: Goliardica Pavese, 2003; 169-174.

(4043) S. Miele and E. Bargiacchi. Fertilizing composition for amending and structuring saline and alkaline soils. WO 2002/059,063 (January 26, 2001).

(4044) E. C. Hince. Slow-release solid-chemical composition and method for anaerobic bioremediation. US 2002/090,697 (January 6, 2001).

(4045) M. S. Mokolobate and R. J. Haynes. Comparative liming effect of four organic residues applied to an acid soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2002, 35(2), 79-85.

(4046) Y. Kato, S. Nakamura, and A. Hashiba. Organic agricultural materials containing humic acids and nutrient elements readily absorbable by plants. JP 2004/269,280 (March 5, 2003).

(4047) J. A. Waters and J. P. Guerard. Sulfur-humate granules and method for soil acidification. US 6,783,567 (July 29, 2002).

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(4048) F. V. Andrade, E. S. Mendonca, V. V. H. Alvarez, and R. F. Novais. Addition of organic and humic acids to latosols and phosphate adsorption effects. Rev. Brasil. Cienc. Solo 2003, 27(6), 1003-1011.

(4049) J. M. F. Johnson, D. Reicosky, B. Sharratt, M. Lindstrom, W. Voorhees, and L. Carpenter-Boggs. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2004, 68(1), 139-147.

(4050) Q. Yang. Fertilizer-containing disease-resistance-improving soil amendment. CN 1,385,492 (April 30, 2002).

(4051) H. Wei and C. Ji. Nanometer soil amendment and its application in field crops. CN 1,388,206 (May 29, 2001).

(4052) M. Inoe and M. Yamamoto. Soil amendment containing bark compost. JP 2003/313,555 (February 19, 2003).

(4134) T. Omura. Compost from dried kitchen garbage mixed with humic acids. JP 2003/145,110 (November 12, 2001).

(4138) T. Matsunaga and K. Nakamura. Slow-release granular potting soil. JP 2003/143,943 (November 12, 2001).

Alumina Processing (4159) V. A. Kovzalenko. Organic substances in process solutions in

alumina production. Khab. Kazaks. Resp. Ulttyk Gylym Akad. 2003, (3), 38-44.

(4160) S. P. Rosenberg and D. J. Wilson. Improved process for filter aid production in alumina refineries. WO 2002/011,856 (July 20, 2001).

Ammonium Sulfate Manufacturing (4161) T. Zh. Umarov. Use of ammonium humate for granulation of

ammonium sulfate. O’zbek. Kim. J. 2003, (4), 49-51. Animal Feed Additive (3050) S. N. Khovanskaya. Composition and characteristics of humate

“Plodorodie”. Agrokhim. Vestn. 2002, (1), 5.

(3288) S. Heidrich. Use of natural and synthetic humic substances as water and feed additives in fish farming. DE 10,237,740 (March 11, 2004).

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(3864) V. I. Kozlov, I. G. Mal’tsev, and S. L. Druzhinina. Application of humate “Plodorodie” in animal husbandry. Agrokhim. Vestn. 2002, (1), 28-30.

(3866) C. E. W. Steinberg, S. Hoess, W. Kloas, I. Lutz, T. Meinelt, S. Pflugmacher, and C. Wiegand. Hormonelike effects of humic substances on fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Environ. Toxicol. 2004, 19(4), 409-411.

(4053) H. D. Seo, Y. J. Seo, and Y. J. Suh. Additive for stock feeds. KR 2002/029,018 (March 21, 2002).

(4054) M. McGrane. Animal feed incorporating a humate to reduce manure odor. US 2004/197,384 (April 7, 2003).

(4055) X. Du. Nuisanceless concentrated feed for birds and livestock. CN 1,411,738 (March 27, 2002).

(4056) N. Kocabagli, M. Alp, N. Acar, and R. Kahraman. The effects of dietary humate supplementation on broiler growth and carcass yield. Poultry Sci. 2002, 81(2), 227-230.

(4057) H. Xiao. Preparation of antibiotic-free pollution-free feed for domestic animals and fowls and its production. CN 1,346,600 (April 24, 2001).

(4058) V. V. Gyul’bekov and V. I. Kozlov. The use of sodium humate in poultry husbandry. Agrokhim. Vestn. 2002, (1), 30-32.

(4059) S. Kucukersan, K. Kucukersan, E. Goncuoglu, and T. Sahin. The effects of dietary humate supplementation on laying hen egg production and egg quality. Indian Vet. J. 2004, 81(6), 674-678.

(4060) M. A. Yoruk, M. Gul, A. Hayirli, and M. Macil. The effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period of hens. Poultry Sci. 2004, 83(1), 84-88.

(4061) K. K. Gusev. Veterinary nutritional supplement preparation from peat. RU 2,214,253 (February 27, 2001).

(4062) Cz. Xu, Ce. Xu, and Ch. Xu. Multiple-effect biological nutritional agent. CN 1,377,860 (April 5, 2001).

(4063) M. Skalicka, B. Korenekova, P. Nad, and Z. Makoova. Effect of sodium humate on cadmium elimination and copper level in poultry. Chem. Inzyn. Ekol. 2002, 9(10), 1251-1255.

(4064) D. Williams. Animal growth-promoting feed additive containing humates and method of using this additive. US 2003/003,203 (May 15, 2002).

(4065) V. V. Gyul’bekov and V. I. Kozlov. The use of sodium humate in poultry husbandry. Agrokhim. Vestn. 2002, (1), 30-32

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Aquaculture (4162) K. Schreckenbach, S. Heidrich, T. Meinelt, and C. E. W.

Steinberg. Dissolved humic substances. Part 6. Humic substances in aquaculture and aquariums. Wasser Boden 2002, 54(5), 37-41.

Bactericide (4067) K. D. Westwood. Method of producing fulvic, humic, and ulmic

acid for use as an electrolyte in producing ionized bactericides from precious metals and method of producing ionized bactericides from precious metals and organic acids. US 6,478,946 (March 7, 2001).

Battery Manufacture (4163) H. Huang, J. Liu, and J. Guan. Manufacture of lead-acid

battery with modification by nanometer silicon-base oxide. CN 1,337,751 (August 4, 2000).

(4164) F. Chen, J. Peng, S. Li, L. Li, Y. Zhang, and F. Li. Positive and negative active material paste for lead-acid batteries. CN 1,365,156 (January 122, 2001).

(4165) H.-y. Luo and J. Zhang. Improvement of the performance of dry-charged batteries for motorcycles. Dianyuan Jishu 2003, 27(1), 11-13.

Binder (3310) G. Liu, G. Qiu, and Y. Meng. Study on aromatization of HA type

binder. Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong 2003, (3), 24-27. Coal Briquetting (3739) M. J. Blesa, J. L. Miranda, M. T. Izquierdo, and R.

Moliner. Study of the curing temperature effect on binders for smokeless briquettes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Vibr. Spectrosc. 2003, 31(1), 81-87.

(3743) M. J. Blesa, J. L. Miranda, M. T. Izquierdo, and R. Moliner. Micro-FTIR study of the blend of humates with calcium hydroxide used to prepare smokeless fuel briquettes. Vibr. Spectrosc. 2003, 33(1-2), 31-35.

(4068) M. Yildirim and G. Ozbayoglu. Briquetting of Tuncbilek lignite fines by using ammonium nitrohumate as a binder. Trans. Inst. Mining Metal. C: Miner. Process. Extract. Met. 2004, 113(1), C13-C18.

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(4069) Y. Yu and Z. Guo. Process for forming fine coal briquets and product gas for nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing. CN 1,371,962 (January 25, 2002).

(4070) M. J. Blesa, J. L. Miranda, M. T. Izquierdo, and R. Moliner. Curing time effect on mechanical strength of smokeless fuel briquettes. Fuel Process. Technol. 2003, 80(2), 155-167.

(4071) M. Yildirim and G. Ozbayoglu. Environmentally sound coal-derived binder for coal briquetting. Coal Prep. (London) 2002, 22(5), 269-276.

(4072) Z. Li. Metallurgical coke fuel briquets and their manufacture. CN 1,337,441 (September 3, 2001).

(4073) C. Zhang, L. Du, Y. Ma, G. Zhai, and S. Wu. Process for production of sodium humate coal bar. CN 1,397,630 (August 13, 2002).

(4074) M. J. Blesa, J. L. Miranda, M. T. Izquierdo, R. Moliner, A. Arenillas, and F. Rubiera. Curing temperature effect on mechanical strength of smokeless fuel briquettes prepared with humates. Energy Fuels 2003, 17(2), 419-423.

(4075) P. Li and D. Xu. Fuel briquets production from dredging coal sludge. CN 1,397,631 (August 16, 2002).

(4076) M. Sun. Preparation of binder for coal briquets. CN 1,361,234 (March 21, 2000).

(4077) B. Liu. Production research and pilot-plant operation of coke breeze briquette. Mei Huagong 2002, (1), 22-25.

(4078) M. Yildirim and G. Ozbayoglu. Production of water resistant coal briquettes by the use of non-conventional coal derived binder. Symp. Ser. So. Afr. Inst. Mining Met. 2002, S29(XIV International Coal Preparation Congress and Exhibition, 2002), 335-338.

Bioremediation (3852) M. Siglova, A. Cejkova, J. Masak, V. Jirku, and J. S. a O. Valina.

The enhancement of reproduction and biodegradation activity of eukaryotic cells by humic acids. Meded.–Fac. Landbouw. Toeg. Biol. Wetens. (Univ. Gent) 2003, 68(2a), 199-202.

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Brick Manufacturing (4166) T. Teraushi and T. Hayashi. Effects of humic substances in ball

clays on the dispersion and the shaping properties of firebrick bodies. Taikabutsu 2004, 56(8), 404-410.

(4167) C. Shao and N. Hou. High-strength and wear-resistant refractory bricks for boilers. CN 1,334,257 (July 15, 2000).

(4168) F. Dai, Y. Shen, W. Zhou, X. Hu, and G. Meng. Preparation of composite brick of plant fiber and magnesia. CN 1,375,476 (April 25, 2002).

(4169) J. Zhang. Special additive for fly ash sintered brick. CN 1,400,189 (August 3, 2001).

Catalyst Component (4170) N. V. Yudina, A. V. Zvereva, E. I, Korotkova, and O. A.

Avramchik. Humic acids in the electroreduction of oxygen. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2002, 45(3), 106-108.

Cement/Concrete Mixture Additive (4079) J. P. Vijn and B. Dao. Storable water-glass/fly ash microsphere

suspensions with increased stability for well cements. US 2003/177,955 (March 21, 2002).

(4080) J. P. Vijn and B. Dao. Suspending agents for storable water-silica suspensions for adding to cementitious compositions for well bores. US 2003/181,542 (March 21, 2002).

(4171) F. D. Oeste. Procedure for manufacturing cement-free binder and mortar. DE 10/2004,001,784 (January 12, 2004).

(4172) T. Ogasawara and A. Itsumi. Concrete structures for use in the hydrosphere. JP 2002/167,258 (November 27, 2000).

(4173) T. Kawashima. Composition for cement hardening, cement type solidification material therewith and formation of road beds. JP 2002/068,796 (August 31, 2000).

(4174) C. Liu, Z. Liu, L. Li, Y. Liu, Q. Duan, L. Wang, D. Wang, and B. Xing. Grinding aid for manufacture of cement. CN 1,346,812 (August 14, 2001).

(4175) N. E. Romanova, T. P. Golub, and R. A. Izmailova. Humic acid-based superplasticizer for cement-based mortars and concretes. RU 2,207,998 (November 27, 2001).

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Ceramics Manufacturing (4176) X. Pei and Y. Yang. Effects of additive on slip of sanitary

ceramics. Taoci (Xianyang, China) 2002, (5), 54-55.

(4177) Y. Matsubara. Porous pottery products and their manufacture. JP 2002/080,267 (September 8, 2000).

(4178) Y. Tang. Preparation of raw glaze for novel daily ceramic. CN 1,370,761 (February 21, 2001).

(4179) T. Lai. Adhesives for dry joining of ceramic parts. CN 1,338,445 (August 10, 2000).

Cleaning Agent (4081) L. Girardie. Method for wet cleaning of semiconductor surfaces

comprising a damascene structure. FR 2,816,527 (November 14, 2000).

Coal Processing (4180) L. E. Gorlenko, G. I. Emelianova, V. V. Lunin, E. N. Grigorieva,

F. N. Grigoriev, J. Kaczmarczyk, E. Broniek, M Jasienko-Halat, and A. Kankowska. Action of brown coal and its humic acids in some coal technologies. Prace Nauk. Inst. Chem. Technol. Nafty Wedla Polit. Wrockl. 2002, 57, 235-240.

(4181) H. Ding-Guo, A. Murakata, T. Higuchi, and S. Sato. Properties of lignins as CWM dispersing agents. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 2003, 29(6), 829-835.

(4182) B. Csoke, L. Bokanyi, J. Bohn, and Sz. Petho. Selective grindability of lignites and their application for producing an advanced fuel. Appl. Energy 2003, 74(3-4), 359-368.

(4183) L. V. Shishmina, N. V. Chukhareev, and A. V. Kravtsov. Effect of peat humates on coal flotation. Koks Khim. 2002, (2), 7-9.

(4184) T. J. Umarov and B. S. Zakirov. Manufacture of granulated ammonia-treated coal. O’zbek. Resp. Faniar Akad. Ma’ruz. 2003, (2), 43-47.

(4185) Y.-L. Yu. Fabrication and process features of gas production of sodium humate coal rod. Mei Huagong 2003, 31(1), 37-41.

Coal-Water Slurry Enhancer/Stabilizer (3228) G. A. Solodov, M. S. Ismagilov, A. N. Zaostrovskii, A. B. Papin,

and T. A. Papina. Installation for enhancement of the yield of humic substances from coals. Vestn. Kuzbass. Gosudarstv. Tekhn. Univ. 2003, (3), 84-86.

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(4082) A. V. Papin, G. A. Solodov, A. N. Zaostrovskii, and T. A. Panina. Preparation of highly concentrated coal water slurries from coal sludges beneficiated by oil agglomeration. Vestn. Kuz. Gosud. Tekhn. Univ. 2003, (4), 96-99.

(4083) S. L. Khil’ko, E. V. Titov, A. A. Fedoseeva, and V. Yu. Tretinnik. Effect of temperature on rheological properties of water-coal suspensions and their plasticization by salts of humic acids. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2003, (6), 27-36.

(4084) M. Zhou, X. Qiu, and W. Wang. Study on the dispersants of coal water slurry. Meitan Zhuanhua 2004, 27(3), 12-16.

(4085) Q. Chen. Combustion catalyst for coal aqueous slurry. CN 1,410,521 (September 27, 2001).

(4086) G. A. Solodov, A. N. Zaostrovskii, A. V. Papin, and T. A. Papina. Stabilization of water-coal suspensions by organic reagents. Vestn. Kuz. Gosud. Tekhn. Univ. 2003, (2), 79-82.

(4087) S. L. Khil’ko, E. V. Titov, A. A. Fedoseeva, and V. Yu. Tretinnik. Effect of strong electrolytes on plasticization of water-coal suspensions by humic acid salts. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow, Russian Federation) 2004, (2), 41-52.

Coke Manufacturing (4186) E. P. Stark and V. M. Strakhov. Study of sodium humate as an

activator and caking agent. Koks Khim. 2003, (9), 53-56. Color Indicators (4187) ATC Mann. Biodegradable color indication systems. DE

2,020,199 (December 20, 2002). Composts/Composting (4188) A. I. Shul’gin and A. A. Shul’gin. Composting of organic and

organomineral materials and wastes. RU 2,212,391 (December 11, 2001).

Copy Toner Additive (4090) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, and A. Ishikawa. Toner containing

polymer ester-based binder resin having specific melting index for reduced solvent vapor generation, electrophotographic liquid developer, and method of forming image. JP 2004/037,954 (July 4, 2002).

(4118) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, K. Umemura, and A. Ishikawa. Liquid developer for electrophotography and electrophotographic image formation. JP 2003/177,577 (December 13, 2001).

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(4119) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, and A. Ishikawa. Liquid developers for developing electrostatographic images and method for image formation using the same. JP 2002/278,169 (October 21, 2001).

Cosmetics Additive (4088) F. L. Jordan. Mixture for transdermal delivery of low and high

molecular weight compounds. US 6,759,056 (July 6, 2004).

(4089) A. K. Sengupta, R. Spindler, and J. W. Darlington, Jr. Multifunctional particulate additive for personal care and cosmetic compositions. WO 2002/063,310 (February 5, 2002).

Cotton Manufacturing (4189) N. E. Kochkina, I. Yu. Vashurina, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov.

Natural humic acids as the means for modification of cotton yarn sizing process. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Tekhnol. Tekstil. Promysh. 2004, (2), 39-42.

Culture Medium Additive (4091) T. Takahashi. Pellets containing humic substances for culturing

soil bacteria for treatment of organic wastewater. JP 2002/101,871 (September 27, 2000).

(4092) O. A. Dregval, N. V. Cherevach, and A. I. Vinnikov. Influence of nutrient medium composition on growth and development of entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Mikrobiol. Zh. 2002, 64(2), 44-48.

(4093) A. Eiler, S. Langenheder, S. Bertilsson, and L. J. Tranvik. Heterotrophic bacterial growth efficiency and community structure at different natural organic carbon concentrations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003, 69(7), 3701-3709.

(4098) J. R. Von Krosigk. Nutrient source for marine organisms based on drilling fluids and cuttings treated with biodegradation-enhancing additives. US 2002/169,083 (May 3, 2002).

Defoliating Agent Additive (4096) Y. Ishida and K. Suzuki. Environmentally friendly biological

humic deodorization solution. JP 2002/126,060 (October 25, 2000).

(4097) N. Goto. Beverages containing alkaline earth metals and humic acids as deodorizers for feces. JP 2003/319,766 (May 1, 2002).

Deodorizing Agent Additive (4096) Y. Ishida and K. Suzuki. Environmentally friendly biological

humic deodorization solution. JP 2002/126,060 (October 25, 2000).

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(4097) N. Goto. Beverages containing alkaline earth metals and humic acids as deodorizers for feces. JP 2003/319,766 (May 1, 2002).

Deodorizing Agent, for Foods (4094) S. Hosoda and H. Kato. Deodorization of aminobutyric acid in

brown rice and food supplement. JP 2003/009,820 (July 5, 2001).

Deodorizing Agent, for Gases (4095) H. D. Seo, Y. Seo, and Y. J. Suh. Malodor removing method.

KR 2002/034,123 (April 4, 2002). Dietary Supplement (3853) S. Yasar, A. Gokcimen, I. Altuntas, Z. Yonden, and E.

Petekkaya. Performance and ileal histomorphology of rats treated with humic acid preparations. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2002, 86(7-8), 257-264.

(4094) S. Hosoda and H. Kato. Deodorization of aminobutyric acid in brown rice and food supplement. JP 2003/009,820 (July 5, 2001).

Disinfection (4190) A. K. Camper. Involvement of humic substances in regrowth.

Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004, 92(3), 355-364. Drilling Mud Additive (4098) J. R. Von Krosigk. Nutrient source for marine organisms based

on drilling fluids and cuttings treated with biodegradation-enhancing additives. US 2002/169,083 (May 3, 2002).

(4099) J. R. Von Krosigk. Composition for oil and gas drilling fluids containing organic compound contaminants. US 2002/169,081 (May 3, 2002).

(4100) J. R. Von Krosigk. Composition for oil and gas drilling fluids with solidification agent, cell transport agent and cellulosic additive. US 2002/169,080 (May 3, 2002).

(4101) J. R. Von Krosigk. Composition for oil and gas drilling fluids containing organic compound contaminants. WO 2002/092,720 (May 9, 2002).

(4102) B. M. Gavrilov, Yu. N. Moisa, L. A. Dadyka, O. M. Shcherbaeva, and E. A. Konovalov. Preparation of a polymeric reagent-stabilizer for clay drilling muds. RU 2,189,381 (January 11, 2001).

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(4103) I. I. Mel’nikov, V. P. Gnezdov, and M. A. Kuznetsov. Treatment of spent drilling mud to produce soil. RU 2,187,531 (December 8, 2000).

(4104) J. Hayes. Dry mix for water based drilling fluid. WO 2003/025,086 (September 19, 2002).

(4105) S. G. Maslov, S. M. Dolguikh, P. S. Chubik, and E. B. Godunov. Effect type and grouped composition of peat on drilling fluid properties. Khim. Rastit. Syr’ya 2003, (3), 57-67.

(4106) F. Song, Y. Qin, Q. Zhai, G. Tan, and G. Lin. Preparation of high temperature viscosity-reducing agent for drilling fluid. CN 1,350,047 (October 25, 2000).

(4107) A. Murmamedov, S. V. Mantrova, and S. S. Khamraev. Improvement of technology for production of an alkaline carbon reagent from brown coals. O’zbek. Kim. J. 2002, (2), 53-56.

(4108) S. Cart. Composition of drilling fluids comprising ground elastomeric crumb rubber material and a method of decreasing seepage and whole mud loss using such compositions. US 6,806,232 (May 31, 2001).

(4109) F. Xie, Y. Han, and X. Sun. Process for preparation of multi-component silicon- and water-based drilling fluid. CN 1,410,506 (November 18, 2002).

(4110) O. K. Angelopulo, V. I. Krylov, and A. S. Legeza. Biopolymer drilling mud. RU 2,236,429 (December 26, 2002).

Dye Additive (4111) A. S. Pogorelova, I. Yu. Vashurina, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov.

Assessment of catalytic activity of humic compounds in the reduction of vat dyes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2002, 45(1), 37-41.

(4112) Yu. S. Vashurina, A. S. Pogorelova, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov. Effect of humic acids on the state of disperse, acid, and vat dyes in aqueous solutions. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. (Translation of Zh. Prikl. Khim.) 2003, 76(9), 1489-1493.

(4113) Yu. S. Vashurina, A. S. Pogorelova, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov. Estimation of efficiency of the use of humic acids in leucoacid process of dyeing textile materials with vat dyes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2004, (3), 63-67.

(4114) Yu. S. Vashurina, A. S. Pogorelova, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov. Natural humic acids as intensification agents of adsorption and diffusion in vat dyeing of fabrics. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2003, 46(1), 112-116.

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(4115) Yu. S. Vashurina, A. S. Pogorelova, and Yu. A. Kalinnikov. Efficiency of the use of humic acids in dyeing textile materials with vat dyes by alkaline reducing technology. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2003, (6), 57-61.

Electrodes (3318) K. Vinodgopal, V. Subramanian, S. Carrasquillo, and P. V.

Kamat. Electrophoretic assembly of naturally occurring humic substances as thin films. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(4), 761-765.

(3541) F. N. Crespilho, R. A. Messias, and M. O. O. Rezende. Determination of copper in sugar cane rum by cyclic voltammetry using carbon paste electrode modified with humic acids. An. Assoc. Bras. Quim. 2002, 51(2), 63-67.

(4191) C. D. Garcia and P. I. Ortiz. Characterization and application of humic acid modified carbon electrodes. Talanta 2003, 61(4), 547-556.

(4192) J.-J. Xu, G. Wang, Q. Zhang, D.-M. Zhou, and H.-Y. Chen. Interfacing cytochrome c to Au electrodes with humic acid film. Electrochem. Commun. 2004, 6(3), 278-283.

(4193) C. Thobie-Gautier, W. T. Lopes da Silva, M. O. O. Rezende, and N. El Murr. Sensitive and reproducible quantification of Cu2+ by stripping with a carbon paste electrode modified with humic acid. J. Environ. Sci. Health A: Toxic/Haz. Subst. Environ. Eng. 2003, A38(9), 1811-1823.

(4194) J. Wang. Formula and production method for high-capacity and durable positive and negative electrode active material. CN 1,365,155 (January 10, 2001).

(4195) K. Vinodgopal, V. Subramanian, and P. V. Kamat. Incorporation of electroactive metal species in humic acid membranes. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 537-540.

Etching Processes (4196) L. Girardie. Process for selective etching of copper and face and

edge cleaning of a substrate. FR 2,816,528 (November 14, 2000).

Fly Ash Slurry Production (4197) S. R. Rao, S. K. Ghosh, S. K. Basu, B. K. Mall, S. Verma, G.

Singh, and S. Mazumdar. Process for the production of a fly ash slurry. US 6,419,620 (March 28, 2001).

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Food Products Additive (4094) S. Hosoda and H. Kato. Deodorization of aminobutyric acid in

brown rice and food supplement. JP 2003/009,820 (July 5, 2001).

Groundwater Remediation (2963) C. E. W. Steinberg and D. M. McKnight. Dissolved humic

substances. Part 12. Summary and epilogue. Wasser Boden 2003, 55(1/2), 77-80

(4122) D. R. Van Stempvoort, S. Lesage, K. S. Novakowski, K. Millar, S. Brown, and J. R. Lawrence. Humic acid enhanced remediation of an emplaced diesel source in groundwater. 1. Laboratory-based pilot scale test. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2002, 54(3-4), 249-276.

(4123) J. W. Molson, E. O. Frind, D. R. Stempvoort, and S. Lesage. Humic acid enhanced remediation of an emplaced diesel source in groundwater. 2. Numerical model development and application. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2002, 54(3-4), 277-305.

HPLC Substrate (3374) K. E. N. Jonassen, T. Nielsen, and P. E. Hansen. The

application of high-performance liquid chromatography humic acid columns in determination of Koc of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2003, 22(4), 741-745.

Humidity Indicator (4198) F. D. Oeste. Humidity indicators for marking of goods. DE

10,128,807 (June 18, 2001). Incontinence Pad Manufacturing (4199) F. D. Oeste. Dye-labeled incontinence pads for the indication of

saturation. DE 10,128,086 (June 11, 2001). Ink Additive (4116) Z. Jin. Cleaning composition with high efficiency for printing

ink. CN 1,359,990 (December 22, 2000).

(4117) C. Gansau and N. Buske. Magnetic ink for ink jet printers and procedure for its production. DE 10,301,107 (January 10, 2003).

Iron Ore Processing (4200) G. Qiu, D. Zhu, T. Jiang, X. Fan, and Y. Guo. Technology of

direct reduction in rotary kiln. CN 1,390,957 (June 12, 2001).

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Liquid Developer Additive (4118) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, and A. Ishikawa. Liquid developer for

electrophotography and electrophotographic image formation. JP 2003/177,577 (December 13, 2001).

(4117) C. Gansau and N. Buske. Magnetic ink for ink jet printers and procedure for its production. DE 10,301,107 (January 10, 2003).

(4120) K. Tsubushi, T. Asami, and A. Ishikawa. Electrophotographic liquid developer and method for image formation using the same. JP 2002/278,172 (March 22, 2001).

(4201) T. Asami, K. Tsubushi, and A. Ishikawa. JP 2003/015,367 (July 4, 2001).

Lubricants Additive (4202) V. N. Ivanov, V. P. Shipov, V. A. Trofimov, and M. V. Kasatkina.

Composition exhibiting lubrication-cooling properties and a method for preparation thereof. RU 2,212,4325 (December 18, 2001.

Membrane Constituent (4203) S. Mishima and T. Nakagawa. Pervaporation properties of

humic acid-added membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 94(2), 461-468.

Plastics Formulations (3248) A. A. Halim, M. Ibrahim, and S. Mahdy. Humic acid copolymer

additives as new stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride. Int. J. Chem. 2004, 14(1), 59-65.

Polyurethane Additive (4204) V. Kampars, A. Alksnis, and A. Bluems. Expanded

polyurethane containing humic acids. Rigas Tehn. Univ. Zinatn. Raksti Ser. 1: Mater. Liet. Kim. 2002, 4, 13-16.

Radiation Decontamination (4127) V. P. Glinskii, T. N. Krutikova, B. V. Matseevich, S. V.

Menzelenko, V. D. Mikhailov, N. V. Sagarda, and N. M. Sorokin. Detergent for personal hygiene and removal of radioactive contamination. RU 2,196,567 (May 7, 2001).

Radiation Protection (4205) V. A. Trofimov, V. P. Shipov, E. S. Pigarev, A. I. Popov, and N.

V. Ivanov. Radioprotecting materials based on humic substances treated with ammonium molybdate. WO 2002/024,609 (September 19, 2001).

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Road Construction Materials (4173) T. Kawashima. Composition for cement hardening, cement type

solidification material therewith and formation of road beds. JP 2002/068,796 (August 31, 2000).

(4206) T. Kawashima. Composition for cement hardening, cement type solidification material therewith and formation of road beds. JP 2002/068,796 (August 31, 2000).

Scale/Corrosion Inhibitor (4066) K. Yamagishi, M. Kushimoto, and T. Laburagi. Method for

prevention of scaling of apparatus for treatment of water by UV irradiation. JP 2003/024,934 (July 18, 2001).

(4088) D. Zhou, W. Peng, and J. Xie. Preparation of QHA/ZPS as scale-corrosion inhibitors and their performance. Huaxue Yanjiu Yu Yingyong 2003, 15(2), 194-196.

(4089) V. P. Shipov, E. S. Pigarev, and V. N. Ivanov. Compound and method for removing scale from heat-transfer surfaces. RU 2,203,463 (April 8, 2002).

(4090) M. V. Kasatkina, S. E. Fedorov, M. V. Gorokhov, and A. V. Kuratorov. Water-soluble corrosion inhibitor for steels based on biochemical waste and phosphate. RU 2,221,900 (July 6, 2001).

(4091) N. E. Romanova and T. P. Golub. Corrosion-protective additive for cutting tools. RU 2,202,587 (November 27, 2001).

(4092) G.-m. Qiu and G.-l. Qiu. Preparation and application of new scale and corrosion inhibitor with modified humic acid. Shuichuli Jishu 2002, 28(2), 112-114.

(4124) F.-e. Shi and J.-j. Li. Study of HAS for mechanism of scale inhibition. Nanfang Yejin Xueyuan Xuebao 2003, 24(2), 45-49.

(4125) Q. Mu, G. Ren, and C. Ren. Scale inhibitor for boiler water system. CN 1,349,940 (November 21, 2001).

(4126) L. Zhang. Black, corrosion-resistant scale inhibitor for waterside of boiler piping system. CN 1,377,843 (March 25, 2002).

Skin Disinfectant (4121) U. Moellers, R. Knieler, and M. Rudolf. Hand and/or skin

disinfectant on the basis of alcohols and antioxidants. DE 10,241,003 (September 5, 2002).

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Soil Remediation (3369) D. R. Van Stempvoort, S. Lesage, and H. Steer. Binding of

hydrophobic organic contaminants to humalite-derived aqueous humic products, with implications for remediation. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 2003, 38(2), 267-281.


(3920) E. C. Hince. Solid-chemical compositions, geochemical binder system, and improved high-shear granulation process for both conventional and slow-release fertilizer and bioremediation nutrient compositions. US 2002/178,772 (June 4, 2001).

(4044) E. C. Hince. Slow-release solid-chemical composition and method for anaerobic bioremediation. US 2002/090,697 (January 6, 2001).

(4103) I. I. Mel’nikov, V. P. Gnezdov, and M. A. Kuznetsov. Treatment of spent drilling mud to produce soil. RU 2,187,531 (December 8, 2000).

(4133) M. Kuehn. Adsorber materials made of renewable raw materials, their production, and use. WO 2003/011,453 (July 22, 2002).

(4141) A. I. Shulgin and A. A. Shulgin. Production of a humic mineral reagent and its use for soil reclamation, detoxification of mine and metallurgical wastes, and wastewater treatment. WO 2004/048,310.

(4142) S. Chandraghatgi, S. Maeda, K. Nogawa, and H. Himi. Method for bioremediation of polluted soil and groundwater and additive for bioremediation. JP 2003/251,331 (March 1, 2002).

(4207) V. S. Belousov, S. A. Ermolenko and O. I. Kvasenkov. Composition for detoxication of soils. RU 2,226,436 (October 8, 2002).

(4208) S. Tanaka. Use of humic substances for remediation of contaminated soil. Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 2004, 27(2), 96-99.

(4209) M. Aikman, A. Kantzas, and K. Mirotchnik. Experimental work on the behaviour of synthetic soils contaminated with light hydrocarbon, and subsequent remediation thereof. J. Can. Petrol. Technol. 2002, 41(9), 25-29.

(4210) M. A. Nanny, V. E. Andrus, and R. Paul Philp. Humate-enhanced remediation of crude oil-contaminated surface soils: adsorption studies and microcosm results. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts, 225th ACS National Meeting; New Orleans, Louisiana: American Chemical Society, 2003; 43(1), 86-90.

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(4211) M. Fukushima and K. Tatsumi. Reclamation agent for soil polluted with hardly decomposable aromatic halogen compounds. JP 2003/145,127 (November 14, 2001).

(4212) K. M. Salem, N. Yu. Grecheshcheva, I. V. Perminova, S. V. Meshcheryakov, and L. N. Bludova. Study of humic preparations detoxicating ability in regard to soil oil pollution. Zash. Okruzh. Sredy Neft. Kompl. 2004, (1), 34-37.

(4213) K. M. Salem, I. V. Perminova, N. Yu. Grechischcheva, V. P. Murygina, and S. V. Meshcheryakov. Biological reclamation of petroleum-contaminated soils by humic preparations. Ekol. Promyshl. Ross. 2003, (April), 19-21.

(4214) G. Telysheva, T. Dizhbite, G. Lebedeva, G. Rossinskaja, V. Jurkjane, O. Treikale, U. Viesturs, and M. Daugavietis. Lignin-based products stimulating soil phytoremediation. Acta Biotechnol. 2002, 22(1-2), 167-173.

(4215) A. A. Shapovalov and Yu. G. Putsykin. Humic sorbent for detoxification and reclamation of polluted and salinated arable soils. RU 2,205,165 (July 18, 2001).

(4216) S. M. Ibrahim and T. B. Goh. Changes in macroaggregation and associated characteristics in mine tailings amended with humic substances. Commun., Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2004, 35(13 & 14), 1905-1922.

Sulfur Oxides Removal (3588) Sorption of SO2 on metal-humic chelate chars from brown coal.

Karbo 2002, 47(12), 358-361. Tanning Agents Additive (4217) L. Olle. Humic tanning and retanning agents. AQEIC Bol.

Tech. 2004, 55(2), 82-87. Therapeutic Compress Fluid Additive (4121) U. Moellers, R. Knieler, and M. Rudolf. Hand and/or skin

disinfectant on the basis of alcohols and antioxidants. DE 10,241,003 (September 5, 2002).

Veterinary Medicine (3229) T. P. Zhilakova and L. V. Kasimova. Effect of peat-chemical

properties on alkaline-extract content. Khim. Rastitel. Syr. 2003, (3), 35-39.


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(4217) E. N. Lyubchenko, M. M. Anisimov, and S. M. Kuleshov. Preparation of wound-healing agent. RU 2,235,548 (May 8, 2003).

(4218) O. P. Panina, L. V. Kasimova, and T. P. Zhilyakova. Method of preparing iron-containing preparation for treatment and prophylaxis of sideropenic anemia in animals. RU 2,193,565 (December 7, 1999).

Wastewater Treatment (3235) J.-J. Su. Application and principles of environmental

biotechnology for livestock wastewater treatment. Zhongua Nongxue Huibao 2004, 5(2), 196-210.

(3511) D. Luo, P. Yi, A. Chen, and Z. Hu. Adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ from electroplating wastewater by humic acid resin. Cailliao Baohu 2002, 35(4), 54-56.

(3529) J. Chylkova, T. Sakra, and K. Mitlohnerova. Removal of cadmium from solutions by calcium salts of humic substances. Vod. Hospod. 2002, 52(10), 310-312.

(3555) A. K. Pandey, S. D. Pandey, V. Misra, and A. K. Srimal. Removal of chromium and reduction of toxicity to Microtox system from tannery effluent by the use of calcium alginate beads containing humic acid. Chemosphere 2003, 51(4), 329-333.

(4091) T. Takahashi. Pellets containing humic substances for culturing soil bacteria for treatment of organic wastewater. JP 2002/101,871 (September 27, 2000).

(4128) K. D. Hughes. Process for preparing reactive compositions for fluid treatment. US 2003/196,960 (April 17, 2002).

(4129) A. R. Sardahti. Removal of chromium from industrial wastewater. Water Wastewat. 2003, 45, 18-25.

(4130) K. Shinzaki, H. Kanenari, and Y. Ishibashi. System for activated-sludge treatment of wastewater by using humus substance. JP 2003/225,694 (February 6, 2002).

(4131) G. Mann, E.-G. Erwin, J. M. Gutterer, H. Haertner, V. Braeuchie, and J. Saunus. Use of renewable raw materials for the decontamination of waters contaminated with pharmaceuticals. EP 12,433,753 (December 19, 2003).

(4132) I. Wahla and A. Anwar. Composition for the reclamation of salt-affected or waterlogged soil or the treatment of brackish water. GB 2,381,264 (October 24, 2001).

(4133) M. Kuehn. Adsorber materials made of renewable raw materials, their production, and use. WO 2003/011,453 (July 22, 2002).

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(4135) X. Chen. Treatment of dyeing wastewater with sodium humic acid. Liaoning Gongcheng Jishu Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban 2002, 21(2), 255-256.

(4136) V. M. Dudarchik, S. I. Kovrik, and T. P. Smychnik. Chromium-containing wastewater treatment by peat humic acids. Vests. Nats. Akad. Navuk Belarusi Ser. Khim. Navuk 2002, (4), 94-97.

(4137) N. Koizumi and H. Koizumi. Water purification promoting agent derived from shell powder bearing microorganism and method and system for water purification using the agent. JP 2003/039,086 (August 1, 2001).

(4139) T. Takahashi. System for treatment of wastewater with humic substances. JP 2002/233,888 (February 7, 2001).

(4140) C. Menge and C. Gerlach. Humic acids for removing pollutants. WLB, Wasser Luft Boden 2003, 47(6), 21-22.

(4141) A. I. Shulgin and A. A. Shulgin. Production of a humic mineral reagent and its use for soil reclamation, detoxification of mine and metallurgical wastes, and wastewater treatment. WO 2004/048,310.

(4142) S. Chandraghatgi, S. Maeda, K. Nogawa, and H. Himi. Method for bioremediation of polluted soil and groundwater and additive for bioremediation. JP 2003/251,331 (March 1, 2002).

(4143) J. Jiang. Improvements in or relating to water and wastewater treatment. WO 2003/050,043 (December 13, 2002).

(4144) O. Da-Silva and E. Alpay. Removal of organic pollutants from wastewater using humic substances. Progr. Wat. Resourc. 2003, 8(Water Resources Management II), 125-134.

(4145) H. Kanari, S. Okada, and T. Nishida. A study on the design of odorless sewage treatment plant using humus soil. Kokushikan Daigaku Rikogaku Kenkyusho Hokoku 2002, 14, 19-39.


(4147) M. Hahn. Waste treatment composition and method. WO 2002/034,678 (October 22, 2001).

(4148) V. V. Burovnikov, A. I. Serdyukov, and V. G. Gamarnik. Removal of iron and manganese from groundwater. RU 2,230,708 (June 5, 2003).

(4149) P. Suarez, A. Cambiella, E. Fernandez, J. M. Benito, C. Pazos, and J. Coca. Treatment of oily wastewaters by deep bed filtration using peat as filter media. In Proceedings of the 9th World Filtration Congress; Houston, Texas: American Filtration and Separations Society, 2004; 482-489.

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(4150) S. Kim and K.-M. Lee. Determination and characteristic interpretation of color-causing materials in the coke plant wastewater. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. (Seoul, Republic of Korea) 2004, 10(1), 52-59.

(4151) G. W. Beall. The use of organo-clays in water treatment. Appl. Clay Sci. 2003, 24(1-2), 11-20.

(4153) K. R. F. Cockett and P. Davies. Method of treating aqueous compositions. WO 2002/036,497 (October 16, 2001).

(4154) L. Madrid. Methods of phosphorus reduction in stormwater runoff systems using iron humate. US 2003/141,259 (January 30, 2002).

Water Purification (4132) I. Wahla and A. Anwar. Composition for the reclamation of salt-

affected or waterlogged soil or the treatment of brackish water. GB 2,381,264 (October 24, 2001).

(4137) N. Koizumi and H. Koizumi. Water purification promoting agent derived from shell powder bearing microorganism and method and system for water purification using the agent. JP 2003/039,086 (August 1, 2001).

(4152) F. D. Oeste. Sulfur-humus barriers in aquifer and their application to groundwater purification. DE 306,621 (February 18, 2003).

(4153) K. R. F. Cockett and P. Davies. Method of treating aqueous compositions. WO 2002/036,497 (October 16, 2001).

(4154) L. Madrid. Methods of phosphorus reduction in stormwater runoff systems using iron humate. US 2003/141,259 (January 30, 2002).

(4155) M. M. Clark and R. Riley. Water purification by polymer colloids. US 2003/100,617 (November 26, 2001).

(4156) F. D. Oeste. Marked water filter materials DE 127,675 (June 10, 2001).

(4157) F. D. Oeste. Water purification procedure. DE 126,701 (May 31, 2001).

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Therapeutic Applications (2934) R. Kloecking and B. Helbig. Medical aspects and applications of

humic substances. In Biopolymers, Vol. 1: Lignin, Humic Substances, and Coal, M. Hofrichter and A. Steinbuechel, Eds.; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2001; 379-392.

(2950) I. Schepetkin, A. Khlebnikov, and B. S. Kwon. Medical drugs from humus matter: focus on mumie. Drug Devel. Res. 2002, 57(3), 140-159.

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HUMIC ACID - Laub BioChem€¦ · · 2013-11-25Synthetic Humic Acid ... Gel-Permeation...

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