Humanists

1. Humanists – a group of people who sought to create citizens capable of participating in the civ ic lif e of the ir commun ity by pla cin g cen tra l emphas is on human autonomy. It includes Francisco Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio & Manuel Chrysoloras . 2. Italy – it became a center of Renaissance. The Renaissance was an extremely important period in Italian history, and in European history, and brought along numerous political, philosophical, literary, cultural, social and religious reforms. 3. Fra nci sco Pet rar ch - an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earl iest Renaissance humanists. He was often called the "Father of Humanism" . His sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry, and is also known for being one of the first people to refer to the Dark Ages. 4. Laura – this is the subject of love poetry by Petrarch. The sight of this woman in the churc h of Sainte-Cl aire d'Av ignon awo ke in him a lasti ng passio n. She may have been Laura de Noves, the wife of Count Hugues de Sade (an ancestor of the Marquis de Sade). There is little definite information in Petrarch's work concerning Laura, except that she is lovely to look at, fair-haired, with a modest, dignified bearing. 5. Giovanni Boccacio - Italian author and poet, a friend, student, and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanist and the author of a number of notable works including the Decameron. 6. Manu el Chry solor as - a pioneer in the introduction of Greek literature to Western Europe during the late middle ages. Among his works were a Greek grammar, translations of Plato and Homer, and a Comparison of the Old and New Rome, an important source on the survival and placement of monuments in Rome and Constantinople. 7. Niccolò Machiavelli - Italian philosopher/writer, and is considered one of the main founders of modern political science. He is most famous for a short political essay, The Prince, written in 1513, but not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. 8. Desiderius Erasmus - Dutch Renaissance humanist and a Catholic priest and theologian. He has bee n cal led "the crowni ng glo ry of the Chr ist ian humani sts ." Usi ng humani st techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament. 9. Philipp Melanchthon - German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first syste matic theologi an of the Protes tant Reformatio n, intel lectu al lead er of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and molder of Protestantism. As much as Luther, he is the primary founder of Lutheranism.

Humanists

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