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Transcript of Human Trafficking Marisela Garcia Workforce Professional Development Academy Orlando, FL December 5,...
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Human Trafficking
Marisela GarciaWorkforce Professional Development Academy
Orlando, FLDecember 5, 2013
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What is Human Trafficking?
• Form of modern-day slavery that involves the exploitation of persons for commercial sex or forced labor
• Often involves crossing an international border but does not require moving a victim
• Traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion to control their victims
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Scope of the Problem
• Estimated 500,000 to 2 million people trafficked worldwide annually (70% of victims are female)
• Estimated 15,000 to 18,000 persons trafficked annually into the U.S.
• Approximately 27 million people held in slavery worldwide
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Contributing Factors
• Pronounced international trends contribute to the rapid growth of trafficking:
• Increased ability by people to cross borders
• Increased poverty worldwide
• Result: Desperately poor people immigrate to seek work
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Children are routinely enslaved in West Africa’s chocolate agribusiness
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Asian women are increasingly trafficked in brothels around the world
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South Asian domestic workers face slave-like conditions in the Middle East
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Migrant farmworkers worldwide face harsh exploitation
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It’s Here in the United States
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It’s Here in Florida
• Florida ranks number three in the country for human trafficking cases (following New York and California)
• Florida has been the scene of both the largest U.S. sex trafficking and labor trafficking cases
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A Lucrative Business
• Yields an estimated $31 billion in profits each year
• Unlike drugs and arms traffickers, human traffickers can continue to exploit their victims after initial point of sale
• Becoming a preferred business for criminal syndicates around the world
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Difficult to Stop
• Trafficking is fueled by economically desperate victims and by market demands for cheap labor– Where there are labor-intensive industries, with little
governmental oversight, human trafficking will often exist
• Trafficking flourishes when end users can make money or save money through the exploitation of others
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Activities For Which People Are Trafficked
• Prostitution• Exotic dancing• Agricultural work• Landscape work• Domestic work and
child care (“domestic servitude”)
• Factory work
• Commercial cleaning• Begging/street peddling• Restaurant work• Construction work• Carnival work• Hotel housekeeping• Criminal activities• Day labor
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Traffickers Use Multiple Means to Control Their Victims
• Beatings, burnings, rapes, and starvation• Isolation• Psychological abuses• Drug or alcohol dependency• Document withholding• Debt bondage• Threats of deportation• Threats against the victim’s family or friends in his/her home
country
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2011 Florida Strategic Plan
• Presented to Florida Legislature by FSU Center for the Advancement of Human Rights
• DEO and other state agencies involved
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Key Findings
• Florida continues to have agricultural brothels where significant sex trafficking occurs
• But labor trafficking is even more prevalent than sex trafficking in Florida
• Key Florida Business Sectors for labor trafficking:1. The Agricultural Sector
2. The Tourism & Hospitality Sector
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Florida Agricultural Brothels
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Florida Agricultural Brothels
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“The Work Station”
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Tools of the Trade
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Victim Belongings
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Weapons
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Agricultural Labor Trafficking in Florida
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Florida Orange Groves: For Tourists
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Florida Orange Groves: for Migrant Workers
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2001 Ramos Case
• Field slavery operation near Lake Placid, FL • Migrant workers transported from Arizona and held
in debt bondage – 700+ male victims• Ramos brothers were former farmworkers • Victims held in substandard
housing and worked 10+ hours a day
• Four farm workers escape with help of the Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW)
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The Complicity of Businesses
• Federal judge presiding over the Ramos case declared that responsibility for the crime clearly extended to the corporate level of the Florida agricultural industry
• But noted that current law requiring that prosecutors show actual knowledge on the part of criminal perpetrators limited him to sentencing only the subcontractors (the Ramos brothers)
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2005 Evans Case
• Homeless African American men & women recruited from Florida shelters for exploitation on potato & cabbage farms near Palatka
• “Company Store” model used to drive up worker debts
• Workers were paid with alcohol & crack cocaine
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2005 Evans Case
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2005 Evans Case
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Palatka Investigation
• Investigation begins with Environmental Protection Agency discovery of human feces in the St. John River
• Sub-contractor Ronald Evans prosecuted, though not the farm employers
• 30 year criminal sentence included drug trafficking, environmental violations, and sale of unlicensed cigarettes
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2008 Navarette Case
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2008 Navarette Case
• Navarette family recruits Mexican and Guatemalan pickers to work their tomato fields in Immokalee
• Navarettes create a debtor system by plying the men with beer and drugs, adding these costs to their room & board
• Workers required to perform 10 hour work days and slashed with knives or tied to posts if they refused
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2008 Navarette Case
• Workers locked each night in a truck boxcar
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2008 Navarette Case
• Cesar Navarette the recruiter and brother Giovanni the enforcer
• Six members of the Navarette family ultimately convicted of human trafficking, Social Security fraud, and harboring undocumented foreign nationals for private gain
• Also required to pay $240,000 in restitution to the victims
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CIW Modern Slavery Museum
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Bull’s Hit Ranch & Farm
• Hastings potato grower settles human trafficking lawsuit (October 25, 2012)
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Bull’s Hit Ranch & Farm
• Bull’s-Hit Ranch & Farm accused of mistreating African-American homeless men (including military veterans)
• Claim that Farm’s sub-contractor Ronald Uzzle hired men from Jacksonville homeless shelters taking advantage of the workers’ drug dependence
• Workers then held in overcrowded camp, plied with drugs, and had their wages garnered by Uzzle
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Bull’s Hit Ranch & Farm
• Victims awarded back pay• Owner of Bulls-hit Ranch Thomas R. Lee agrees to
pay workers directly in the future• Investigation reveals that Ranch had been sued on
exact same grounds in 2004
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Lawsuit Against Ronald Uzzle Continues
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Potential Indicators of Labor Trafficking
• Signs of Physical Control or Abuse• One person steps forward to try to talk to an
investigator or government official on behalf of an entire group
• Traffickers may limit victims’ contact with the public or with customers
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Potential Indicators of Labor Trafficking
• Victims often live in the location where they work
• Victims may lack personal items or forms of identification
• H-2A workers not working where their visa stipulates
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Potential Indicators of Labor Trafficking
• Victims may lack: Personal items/possessions Cell phones, calling cards, etc. Private space Financial records Transportation Knowledge about how to get around in a community
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Labor Camp/Sweatshop Indicators
• Security intended to keep victims confined Barbed wire Bars or outside locks on windows & doors Self-contained camps Handlers, guards, and/or guard dogs
• Victims only allowed to shop at “company store”
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Labor Camp/Sweatshop Indicators
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Human Trafficking Hotline Numbers
• National Hotline (24/7)1-888-373-7888
• Florida Abuse Hotline1-800-96-ABUSE (1-800-962-2873)
• Florida Farmworker Helpline1-800-633-3572
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For More Information
Marisela GarciaSenior Monitor Advocate
Bureau of One-Stop and Program SupportDepartment of Economic Opportunity
(850) [email protected]