Human resource is a vital ingredient of every social system and its management

is an extremely difficult exercise because of changing attitudes, aspirations and

motivations. The usefulness o f manpower as an organizational resource is determined

by the way in which it is managed. The management o f human resources involves firstly

understanding the aims and objectives of the organization and developing systems and

methods to achieve the set goals. Then follows the development of human resources.

The course of action under HRD include recruitment o f right persons, their placement,

developing their skills and ability through scientific methods of training for proper

utilization, ensuring their career development, evaluating their performance and giving

compensation suitably. HRD improves the productivity potential of both the individuals

and organizations. Well developed human resources will have not only more

competence in job performance but also greater job satisfaction. He will experience a

sence o f growth, progress and achievement, and try to contribute the best of his efforts

to accomplish organizational goals.

Human resources development has been a matter o f concern for cooperatives in

India since long. This subject has been dealt with various ramifications by the National

Cooperative Union of India (NCUI) at various conferences, seminars, workshops etc.

Based on the results and experiences gathered at these seminars, NCUI came forward

with the following components ©f HRD strategy for Indian Cooperatives (Sharma, 1994:

157).

• Preparation o f enterprise development plan comprising of all business

activities including human resources by all cooperatives at all levels. The

cooperative federation offer guidance in this area to their affiliated

cooperative institutions.

• Creation of a pool o f key personnel who are professionals and believe in

cooperative philosophy, principles and values at the level of cooperative

business federations to provide management guidance to the affiliated

cooperative institutions.

• Streamlining the recruitment policies and procedures on scientific basis.

• Adopting performance linked salary, wages and incentive payment plans.

• Designing a suitable career development plan for employees of cooperatives.

• Including a provision of HRD in the budgets o f all cooperative institutions.

• Evolving and implementing cooperative member education and leadership

development programmes by cooperative enterprises in collaboration with

the cooperative unions and training institutions.

• Undertaking pragmatic manpower planning of short and long term duration

by business cooperative organizations in all sectors at all levels.

• Strengthening the resource base of NCUI and state cooperative unions so as

to gradually minimize their dependence on Government funding.

• Creating a conducive organizational environment in cooperatives to enable

leaders, staff members, unions etc. to work as a team to achieve the agreed

goals.

• Introducing suitable appraisal systems viz performance appraisal, potential

appraisal and performance councelling.

• Influencing Government to assist cooperatives in development o f their own

HRD strategies without impairing the autonomy of the cooperatives.

• Integrating cooperative training and education at all levels and strengthening

the grass root level cooperative training structure.

• Introducing modem HRD techniques such as work system studies, self

renewal systems and performance appraisal system to face competition in the

liberalized business environment.

• Setting up o f HRD divisions in all cooperative enterprises.

In order to cater to the required demand for uplifitment of managerial skills of

various categories of cooperative personnel working at different hierarchies, the mother

organisation NCU1 has taken this responsibility and launched various schemes and

programmes from time to time. However, the main lines for organizational development

of cooperative personnel in general and its staff and membership in particular are based

on cooperative education and training.

COOPERATIVE EDUCATION

Cooperative education enables people to understand what cooperatives are all

about and how they can participate efficiently in them. Education is more important for

cooperatives than other organizations. Since cooperatives belong to their members

having democratic structure, their members need to be fully informed about cooperative

principles, philosophy and values, otherwise, it may not remain true to its purpose or

operate in accordance with the principles on which it was established. Cooperative

education is a process through which the cooperative movement endeavours to cultivate

among men and women the qualities of a good cooperator and responsible citizen.

Cooperative education is a broad term which includes firstly technical education and

training o f staff in order to ensure survival and development o f cooperatives in a highly

competitive environment and secondly, education of members and potential members in

the principles and techniques of punning their business and to enable them to acquire the

skills o f self-direction and leadership. It is encouraging that the cooperators, the world

over, have always considered education as an essential input for the very existence o f a

dynamic and healthy cooperative movement. Cooperative education is one of the most

important components o f HRD policy of NCUI. It is ment for those persons who are

members o f the movement from different cultures, religions, castes, categories and

areas. The main role o f NCUI is to educate, guide and assists the people in general and

its members in particular in their efforts to build up and expand the cooperative sector

through various types of cooperative opinion in accordance with the cooperative

principles. The ever increasing membership and the role that cooperatives are expected

to play in the socio-economic transformation of Indian populace, especially in the

weaker sections of the society have made it abundantly necessary that the membership,

out o f whom leaders come to man the cooperatives, must be educated and enlightened in

the cooperative ideology.

NUCI, with its endevour to promote and diversify the movement, has taken

various steps to educate its members. The focus on cooperative education has basically

addressed to three categories.

a) Education to members

b) Education to office-holders

c) Education to potential or prospective members

The major component of human resource in cooperatives is its members which

need proper development through education. The movement has a grass root base upon

its members. The majority of the members of the cooperative sector are from rural areas

who are almost all ignorant about the cooperative philosophy, values and ideology. This

is that sector of the movement upon which the whole cooperative movement is based.

Rather it is the foundation stone o f the entire cooperative movement of the country.

NUCI is developing this sector through education. The two wings of NUCI through

which it explores and develops the required talents of cooperative personnel are NCCE

and NCCT. These two outlets have been modernized and upgraded to cater the growing

needs and importance o f HRD in cooperatives.

The National Centre for Cooperative Education (NCCE) of NCUI was

established in 1958 with the main objective to cater to the educational and

developmental needs o f increasing membership of different fields of cooperative sector.

NCCE has devised a pattern of conducting educational activities in the field through its

Cooperative Education Field Projects. The other types o f cooperative and allied

educational activities and programmes are also being conducted by NCCE by realising

the importance of training and education for non-officials o f various cooperatives.

The National Centre for Cooperative Education widened its focus to conduct

leadership development programmes for the directors o f district and higher level

cooperatives. NCCE conducts a number of diploma courses ranging from 3 months to

12 months which include campus training and practical study visits. The courses cover

Environment for Cooperatives, Cooperative Education, Cooperative Management.

H.R.M in Cooperatives, H.D.C in cooperatives and computer education in Co­

operatives.

The approaches viz., peripatetic approach and intensive approach have been

adopted in the implementation of cooperative education programmes. Presently, the

leadership development programmes and trainer’s training for cooperatives are

conducted by NCCE of NCUI and also by the state cooperative unions. These

programmes have been useful in creating an awareness among the cooperative leaders

about their duties, responsibilities, powers, cooperative philosophy and latest trends in

the cooperative movement which remain to be alone in inculcating the entrepreneurial

skills among cooperative leaders. It is proposed to lay more emphasis on this aspect of

the leadership programme during the next plan period.

The cooperative education programmes through NCCE are playing an important

role in the development of cooperative societies as well as in the welfare amenities of

members. The over all objective of cooperative education programmes is to bring

improvement in the working of cooperatives by strengthening their management and

increasing member’s participation in.the planning, implimentation and monitoring of

business activities o f cooperatives. Although the main target o f the programme has been

PACS, but late with the passage o f time, growth and expansion o f cooperative

movement in the country, the cooperative education programme has been diversified

and expanded to other facets of cooperative sector like dairy, fishery, housing, women,

urban credit, consumer, labour contract, construction, marketing cooperatives etc. for

schedule tribe, schedule caste, backward and general. Thus whole system of education

in cooperatives is being carried out by NCCE throughout the country as is revealed in

table 5.1.

TABLE - 5.1: PROGRESS OF COOPERATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAMMEA ctiv ities I) Edu./ D ev. Acti.

(in Pri. Agri. Coop.)

1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98No. of events

No. of Partici.

SC/ST/BW W om en

No. o f events

No. of Partici.

SC/ST/BW Women No. of events

No. o f Partici.

SC/ST/BW W om enNo. o f events

No. o f Partici.

s c / s r/BW Women

Course for Secretaries and managers

72 5086 556 — 165 4742 837 — 151 4523 931 — 126 3560 651 —

Course forMC/MS/Officebearers

2962 47310 10656 44 2137 36855 8002 — 2052 34074 6715 — 2385 38544 8728 8

Course for leaders

250 8936 130 277 311 7575 150 — 206 6777 — — 475 15737 235 —

Training on BDP in PACS

40 1369 471 — 30 631 — — 22 476 — — 37 365 — —

Course forordi-narymembers/potentialmembers

16042 642686 79867 37354 12632 551430 112510 45219 11153* 424557 80626 15502 11135 461652 88726 35132

Masseducation 49 12330 9550 — 15 16322 14212 — — — — — 9 50 — —

ManagementGuidance

259 23625 — — 211 40302 — — 368 43412 — — 1631 55683 — —

Gram Sabha meetings 268 9935 — — 94 4231 — — 101 3835 — — 220 9280 — —

ContactMeeting 1436 41148 15 — 1530 3105 — — 1913 29118 — — — — — —

Study Visits 2 17 — — • 15 109 — — — — — — 018 155 ' — —Farmers Coop. 39 43 6 - 45 — — — 44 — — — 51 — — —

Contd../.

II) Edu./ D ev. Acti. in other sectors

Urban Coop. Banks 47 1519 191 — 45 1520 130 — 52 995 368 — 36 1142 357

FisheriesCoop. 26 2626 362 670 28 2830 400 567 27 2960 599 390 47 5300 719

Forest Coop. & Labour contract societies

7 98 — — 5 400 — — — — — — 6 236 — ■

Dairy Coop. 712 66883 9316 12758 513 45320 8930 11445 570 54436 10111 11987 612 54872 8946ConsumersCoop. 69 1105 40 — 55 4311 500 — 93 2587 5 264 54 3143 654

Housing Coop. — — — — 1 20 — — 1 16 — — 1 19 — -

Others 386 76305 3791 2392 350 80311 4899 5331 191 19154 3606 2851 347 22107 4788 *3AdultEducation — 5173 — — — 7819 — — — 2946 — — — 567 —

IndustrialCoop.

444 30449 2311 8033 500 40321 4809 7499 394 28999 3633 7764 485 32458 3862 q

Total I & II 23210 976643 117262 61528 18679 845154 155379 70063 17338' 658865 106594 38728 17675 704870 117696Seminars / Conf. / WS 157 77406 982 158 199 4321 1508 — 105 43045 978 — 282 31119 1605

Total 23367 1054040 118244 61686 18878 849475 156887 70063 17443 701910 107572 38728 17957 735989 119301 i

Source: Compiled from Official records ofNCUI, New Delhi.

' The data contained in table 5.1 reveals various activities of different fields. The

total number of events along with participants (ST/SC/BW) highlights a decreased

trend. It decreased from 23367 events in 1994-95 to 17957 in 1997-98 and the

participants from 1054040 to 735989 during the same period but the number of

participants o f ST/SC/BW has increased from 107572 in 1994-95 to 119301 in 1997-98

respectively.

In addition, a number o f integrated developmental programmes are being run by

NCUI through its own projects as general education programmes in underdeveloped

states which is evident from the data contained in table 5.2.

TABLE 5.2

PROGRESS OF UDS PROJECTS DURING 1997-98

S.No A: Educational Activities Events Beneficiaries1. Secretaries / Managers Course 146 16712. Managing Committee Members Course 431 3901

Village Based Member Courses 648 106604. Leadership Development Programmes 201 33655. Preparatory Educational Meetings 353 58096. Youth Camp 244 37697. Family Welfare Educational Classes 365 75958. Awareness Programme on AIDS (Men & Women) 178 72969. Adult Education Classes 227 393810 Meeting on credit / recovery /deposits 427 663411 SHG’s for Men and Women 316 5019

Total 3636 59657B: Farm Guidance Activities

1. Crop Development Courses 170 29942. Dairy/Poultry/Cattle Development courses 121 21013. Horticulture Development Courses • 102 19044. Plant protection courses 115 19495. Vegetable Development courses 122 23076. Courses on marketing grading o f crops 110 15797. Courses on use o f fertilizers 161 28798. Fodder Development 53 9479. Farmer meetings 214 609910 Oil and Pulse Development courses 65 102511 Environment Protection / others 108 2815

Total 1341 26599Grand Total (A + B) 4867 86256

Source : Compiled from Official records o f NCUI, New Delhi.UDS - Under Developed States

The data of table 5.2 reveals two kinds of 22 educational activities. The

cumulative total number of two kinds of activities stands at 4867 in which 86256

persons were benefited. However, educational activities are more along with the

beneficiaries as compared to farm guidance activities. The maximum events were

conducted for village based member courses in educational activities while as the

maximum number of events in the field of farm guidance were farmer meetings.

TABLE 5.3

STATE WISE PROGRESS UNDER C.E.P.

S. StateNo. of persons trained Inc/Dec %age

No 1997-98 1998-99 over pr.yr. Change1. AP 31319 31720 401 1.22 . Assam 13624 6875 -6749 -49.5

Aruncha P. 174 448 274 157.44. Ando-Nico. 900 760 140 15.55. Bihar 7322 25159 -17837 -243.66 . Del. 2672 6719 4047 151.47. Goa 25 174 149 596.08 . Gujrat 93534 105051 11517 12.39. Har. 77000 94215 17215 22.310 . HP 48461 33760 -14701 -30.311 . J&K 7591 6472 -1119 -14.712. Kar 66457 62110 -4347 -6.513. Kerela 12430 12003 -427 -3.414. MP 126111 120180 -5931 -4.715. Mah. 498399 236561 -261838 -52.516. Meg. 12:57 1045 -192 -15.517. Miz. 901 790 -111 -12.318. Nagaland 311 752 441 141.819. Orissa 14823 18875 4052 27.32 0 . Pondichery - - - -2 1 . Punjab 60689 50659 -10030 -16.52 2 . Rajasthan 33357 47041 13684 41.023. T.N 206028 23238 . -182790 -88.724. Tri. 237 35293 35056 14791.125. U.P 402444 855578 453134 112.526. W.B 23104 14028 -9076 -39.227. Mani Pur. 7759 6310 -1449 -18.6Total 1736919 2004716 26797 15.4Source Com piled from the Records o f NCUI, New Delhi.C.E.P. = Cooperative Education Programme.

Besides, most of the sectoral federations are also running training and

educational programmes for developing technocrates. The progress of annual output of

cooperative education is very significant. Right from the very beginning, NCUI has been

monitoring the cooperative educational programmes which also includes reviewing and

coordinating the programmes implemented by the state cooperatives unions. The

programmes conducted by NCUI through NCCE are o f much importance and need

based. These programmes are organised in almost all cooperatively under developed

states where a good number o f persons are being trained regarding the latest

developments o f cooperative movements which is evident from the table 5 .3 .

It is clear from the above data that the total number o f persons trained during

1997-98 were 1736919 which increased by 15.4% to the tune o f 2004716 persons

trained during 1998-99. However, the highest number of persons trained was recorded

by Maharashtra followed by Utter Pradesh in 1997-98. Similarly, the state of Utter

Pradesh holds the first number in order of persons trained during 1998-99, followed by

Maharashtra.

In addition, the union continued to organize training, orientation courses,

seminars, workshops and educational programmes for cooperative personnel at its head

office, New Delhi. It also supplies educational material, training aids etc. to the State

Cooperative Unions. The NCUI alsp continues to acquire new approaches in the field

of cooperative education. At NCUI level, there is a committee for Cooperative

Education which, from time to time, reviews the working of various cooperative

education programmes, considers problems and suggests measures and provides

guidelines for the development o f cooperative education programmes.

Besides, the field activities of NCCE, the following broad areas of

educational/training programme are also covered by NCCE:

1. Leadership development programmes for the directors of district and

higher level cooperatives.

2. Diploma in cooperative education and developments.

3. Orientation/refresher courses for cooperative education personnel and

officers of National Federation/Organizations.

4. Workshops, seminars and conferences on various aspects of subject

matter of cooperation and cooperative movement.

5. Faculty Development programmes for the cooperative training Institutes

and colleges teaching cooperation.

6 . Special training programmes in collaboration with International agencies

like International Cooperative Alliance (ICA), International Labour

Organization (ILO) and Industrial Training Institutes (ITI).

7. Programmes on computer application for different sections of

cooperative movement.

The above programmes are conducted by National Centre for Cooperative

Education (NCCE) at the head quarter o f NCUI, New Delhi. In addition to the main

courses conducted by the NCUI through NCCE, the other developmental allied

activities conducted by state cooperative unions are: Leadership development

programme/course, Conferences/workshops/seminars, Management Guidance Meetings,

Gram Sabha Meetings, Training programme on Business Development Planning (BDP)

in PACS, Agricultural Development Programmes/Farm Camps, Self-help-groups,

Education programme on preventing of AIDS, Environmental protection Education

Programme, Essay/debating competition, Exhibitions, Paid secretaries course, Family

welfare and family planning programmes, Management guidance programmes and

Special programmes in other developmental areas. NCUI continues to monitor, evaluate

and coordinate cooperative education programmes being implemented by NCCE.

Monitoring includes guidance, serving, supervision and orientation of cooperative

education personnel and other functionaries engaged in cooperative education

programmes.

In recent years diversification of cooperative movement in the country has

thrown up a greater responsibility on NCUI to create enlightened, participatory and

responsive membership, dynamic leadership, efficient management and cooperative

awareness among women and youth through different types o f cooperative education

programmes (see for details table 5.4).

TABLE 5.4

WOMEN AND YOUTH TRAINED UNDER C.E.P.Years Women Youth1990-91 95569 166754

1991-92 104643 170176

1992-93 106471 170493

1993-94 130356 191404

1994-95 102868 199589

1995-96 138165 163882

1996-97 107578 139737

1997-98 109217 125595

Average 11 1858.37 174759.8

Source Compiled from the records o f NCUI, New D e lh i.C.E.P = Cooperative Education Programme

Table 5.4 clearly shows that the number of women trained during 1990-91

increased continuously from 95569 to 109217 during 1997-98. The highest number of

women were trained during 1995-96. The average number o f trained women remained

1 11858.37 during the period under reference. However, the number of youth trained has

decreased from 166754 in 1990-91 to 125595 in 1997-98. The highest number of youth

were trained during 1994-95, the number of youth trained during the period was

174759.8 on an average.

The NCUI, with a view to intensifying educational efforts in more vulnerable

areas as well as to cover more sectors, continues to operate innovative educational field

projects for agriculture, industrial, handlooom, handicrafts and women cooperatives.

NCUI continues implementing a country wide programme for organization of district

level seminars in pursuance to new economic policies of the Government of India with

the object o f building up a vibrant and competitive economy in the country. In 1998 all

the state cooperative unions were approaehed to organize district level seminars. These

were instantly organized in 1998 by state cooperative unions o f Haryana, West Bengal

and Goa which were attended by 639 persons ineluding State Government

representatives, Central Government representatives, veteran district and village level

cooperative leaders and officers. The participants were sensitized about the role of

cooperatives in the context o f New Economic Policy.

NCUI has also started member education programme for industrial cooperatives.

The programme started in 1963-64 with seven units in seven states. The programme was

extended to another seven states (with one unit each) in the year 1968. Since then the

union is continuing the implementation o f the programme in 14 states with 14 units

with the financial support from Department o f Small Scale Industries (SSI),

Government o f India. Another modified scheme o f member education programme for

handloom cooperatives as approved by the Development Commissioner for Handlooms,

Ministry o f Textiles, Government o f India, continued to be operated by the NCUI.

These 15 projects operate in 8 states. The units were attached with Directorates of

Industries/Textiles/Handloom o f the states at District level. The 3rd programme for the

industrial sector is member education programme for Handicraft cooperatives being

implemented by NCUI since 1985 with the financial support from Ministry o f Textiles,

Government o f India. These programmes operate in 8 units in 6 states. A good number

o f persons have been trained in these areas as is supported by the data contained in table

5.5.TABLE 5.5

PERSONS TRAINED IN INDUSTRIAL, HANDLOOM AND HANDICRAFT COOPERATIVES

Years Industrial Handloom Handicrafts1990-91 5636 2116 51621991-92 4613 8290 46941992-93 9085 9965 46401993-94 10206 10161 40751994-95 9495 10174 40711995-96 10251 10054 45441996-97 11218 10013 41491997-98 11084 10695 3055Average 8948.5 8933.5 4298.75

Source C o m p ile d fro m O ff ic ia l Records o f N C U I, A ew D elh i.

It is evident from the data o f table 5.5 that the average number of persons trained

under each scheme were 8948.5 for industrial, 8933.5 for handloom and 4298.75 for

handicrafts. The persons trained under industrial and handloom are almost of equal

number, where as the number is less in handicraft scheme as compared to former two

schemes. The highest number o f persons trained were 11218 in industrial cooperatives

during 1996-97, 10695 in handloom cooperatives during 1997-98 and 5162 in

handicraft cooperatives during 1990-91. On the whole there were 22180.7 persons

trained under all the three schemes.

To build up a strong Human Resource base in cooperative sector, at present

educational programmes for agricultural cooperative are being implemented by 27 state

cooperative unions in as many as 27 major states/unions territories with the help of

about 700 cooperative Education Instructors working in the field. NCUI-ICA-CICOPA

pilot project for strengthening the management and marketing skills of artisanal

cooperatives is being implemented by NCUI with the financial assistance of CICOPA

and ICA with the objective to understand and identify the problems of handloom weaver

cooperatives, metal-ware works cooperatives, handicraft cooperatives and labour

construction cooperatives. During the year 1997-98 in all about 1559852 persons were

educated through various courses which is revealed by the data contained in table 5.6.

'TABLE 5.6

M EM BERS TRAINED THROUGH COOPERATIVES

Y earsG eneral Edu. program m e

U nder Dev. States O thers Total

1989-90 598236 53828 336642 1345704

1990-91 955669 52949 17434 1291442

1991-92 1700366 45282 21296 2010815

1992-93 1287403 70000 12508 1681561

1993-94 1157950 75652 37056 1543934

1994-95 1056870 70002 68895 1509807

1997-98 1136122 72235 25448 1535852

Average 1127516.5 62849.7 30897 1559873.5

The data depicts that the average number o f persons educated under general

education programme were 1127516.5 during the period under reference. The persons

trained in under developed states were 62849.7 on an average. However, the number of

persons trained on an average were 1559873.5 which include women and youth also

during the period.

NCCE, under the supervision of NCUI, continued its work to cater to the needs

of cooperative education Instructors and other functionaries working in cooperative

education programmes. The centre has been organizing programmes for non-officials of

various cooperative institutions like IFFCO, KRIBHCO etc. During the year 1998,35 of

such programmes were organized by NCCE through out the country in various cities

with as many as 1295 participants from different sectors o f the cooperatives.

C O O P E R A T IV E TR A IN IN G

In the year 1953, the central committee for cooperative training was constituted

by the Reserve Bank of India for establishing regional training centres for senior and

intermediate level personnel of cooperative institutions and departments. Subsequently

it was also adopted by the Govt, o f India for organizing and supervising block level

training for extension officers and other cooperative personnel of subordinate category.

In 1962, the Central Council for Cooperative Training (CCCT) was wound up and 13

intermediate training centres were handed over to the Committee for Cooperative

Training (CCT) constituted by the National Cooperative Union of India (NCUI) with the

approval o f the Government of India. Later on in 1976 the CCT was replaced by

National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT), constituted under NCUI with the

concurrence o f Govt, of India.

National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT) is responsible for

organizing, directing, motivating and evaluating the arrangements for cooperative

training for the personnel working in the cooperative sector in the country. The main

objective o f the council is to organize need based training programmes and facilitates

the process o f HRD in cooperatives in the country. It also envisages to conduct research

in the critical areas of cooperative management and offer consultancy services to the

Govts, and the cooperative organizations.

To realize the above objectives, the NCCT has established its own training

structure comprising of VAMNICOM Pune at the national level, five regional level

Institutes o f Cooperative Management at Banglore, Chandigarh, Gandhinagar, Kalyani

and Patna and 15 Institutes of Cooperative Management located at different parts of the

country. Besides, it also provides academic and financial support to junior cooperative

training centres in the country which are 92 in number. These institutes are mostly

financed by the state Govt’s and run by state cooperative unions. In order to catter to the

HRD needs of cooperative movement, the State Unions are engaged in the

implementation of cooperative education and training programmes through their

specific training centres located all over the country. Almost every state is having its

own training centres for the junior level officers. Various programmes have been

formulated like designing the course o f curricular activities by considering the sectoral

requirements. The training programmes are being implemented under the over all

administrative control of National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT) through

Vaikunth Mehta National Institute o f Cooperative Management (VAMNICOM). This

institute is established to train the cooperative officers o f senior caders all over the

country, and through Institute o f Cooperative Management including the Regional

Institutes of Cooperative Management for middle level cooperative personnel and for

the junior level cooperative personnel, the state level cooperative training centres are in

operation for training purposes. All these institutes of senior, middle and lower category

are governed and controlled by the rules and regulations of NCCT and NCCE of NCUI.

The policy o f NCCT is to organize training programmes for the personnel

working in cooperative sector as per the training needs o f the cooperative departments

and cooperative organizations. To ensure that the programmes are planned and

organized in accordance with the actual requirements of the user organizations, in the

light of inter-action of the faculty with key functionaries in the field and assessment of

changing environment, the calendar of training programmes for the ensuing year is

prepared by each RICM/ICM well in advance and placed in the meeting of the expert

group on whose suggestions the calendar is suitably amended and subsequently

finalized in RICM/ICM principles conference at which the Registrars of Cooperative

societies and representatives of National Cooperative Federations are also invited.

VAMNICOM, Pune is a premier management institute for the cooperative sector

and endeavours to facilitate the development o f human resources in the cooperative

sector in India. The following main courses are usually conducted by the institute.

The Post Graduate Diploma Programme in Business Administration

(Cooperation) of two years duration was introduce with the object to provide youngmen

and women an opportunity to acquire knowledge, develop skills and build attitudes

necessary to manage cooperative enterprises. The Diploma is recognized by the All

India Council o f Technical Education and also enjoys accreditation from the institute of

Chartered Financial Analyst of India (CFA).

There is a good number of canidates who have completed their PGDBA from the

institute. Nearly 85 candidates are enrolled yearly for the course. The institute also

offers Diploma Programme in Cooperative Business Management of 38 weaks duration

which is designed for in-service senior level personnel working in the cooperative

organisations and cooperative departments. The diploma is recognized by the Ministry

of Education, Government of India for recruitment of senior positions. The institute so

for trained 80 officers in the course upto 31.3.1998. However, the statewise position of

training programmes o f diploma and short durations is much encouraging. The institute

also conducts different managerial courses of various durations at regular intervals. All

the State Government’s send their senior level cooperative personnel for various courses

throughout the year. The statewise training break up is given in table 5.7.

ST A T E W ISE U T IL ISA T IO N S O F TR A IN IN G PR O G R A M M E S A T V A M IN IC O M

S. No.

State

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

W96-97

1997-98

Total

Yearly

Average

1. Andra Pradesh 45 21 40 20 66 63 72 327 46.7

2. Assam 6 8 11 13 11 2 7 58 8.2

3. Bihar 8 10 16 23 25 24 33 139 19.8

4. Delhi - - - 36 64 47 76 223 31.8

5. Gujrat 105 107 64 97 165 128 147 813 116.1

6. Haryana 71 39 43 43 34 24 42 296 42.2

7. Goa 59 12 9 11 40 85 81 297 42.4

8. Himachal Pradesh 13 15 4 11 9 22 53 127 18.1

9. J&K 7 25 9 47 4 11 8 111 15.8

10. Karnataka 53 59 76 81 197 283 125 874 124.8

11. Kerela 14 52 36 53 44 38 64 301 43.0

12. Madya Pradesh 47 40 65 81 87 76 82 478 68.2

13. Maharashtra 296 628 421 472 926 601 931 4275 653.5

14. Manipur 9 2 4 14 3 1 1 34 4.8

15. Megalaya 1 2 - 'yJ 1 3 - 10 1.4

16. Mizoram 2 25 -- - 1 4 2 34 4.8

17. Nagaland 1 7 > 1 3 2 3 17 2.4

18. Orissa 26 61 24 51 37 43 33 275 39.2

19. Punjab 20 60 46 43 34 26 26 255 36.4

20. Pondichari N.A - - - - 50 28 78 11.1

21. Rajasthan 24 24 30 44 71 52 - 245 35.0

22. Skimm - 5 1 6 4 4 N.A 20 2.8

23. Tamil Nadu 28 25 53 38 101 88 114 447 63.8

24. Tripora 4 2 - - 1 2 95 104 14.8

25. Utter Pradesh 56 32 38 24 43 49 25 267 38.1

26. West Bengal 19 27 11 10 19 31 - 117 16.7

27. Union territories 64 85 93 8 4 - - 254 36.2

28. Other 34 68 35 148 90 70 14 459 65.5

Total 1012 1441 1129 1378 2084 1829 2128 11001 1571.5

State Average 36.1 51.4 40.3 49.2 74.4 65.3 76.0 392.8

The data contained in table 5.7 highlights that the state o f Maharashtra has got

the largest number of persons trained at the institution, followed by Karnataka and

Tripora, while the lowest number o f persons trained at the institute are from Megalaya,

Nagaland and Mizoram. On the whole, the state wise average of persons trained at

VAMNICOM shows an increasing trend from 36.1 persons in 1991-92 to 76.0 persons

in 1997-98. In all 11001 persons were trained during the period under reference.

The institute organizes a variety o f management development programmes and

seminars of short duration for different sectors like, handloom, consumer, marketing,

industrial, law, credit, banking etc. at its headquarter, Pune. It also organizes Faculty

Development Programmes for the faculty members o f the RICMs/ICMs. During the

year 1997-98, the institute conducted 61 management development programmes and

trained 1234 officers. The sector wise courses conducted at VAMNICOM is highlighted

in table 5.8 TABLE 5.8

SECTO R W ISE PROGRESS OF TRAINING PROGRAM M ES AT VAMNICOM,PUNE (1993-94 TO 1997-98)

1993-94 1994-95"0 -0 -0 -B

Type of | 5. | 5.J 1 3 2. 3 2.Program m es i l l !

5; t* % S?

Programm

es

1995-96•oitn

■5’as3is.

1996-97

7 "15K 23 • 2:B TJ3 ={/}

Participants1r-o\ON

Programm

es

Programm

es

a Participants

0H

I) M U L T I-S E C T O R S

Total 27 506 *42 810 40 1020 29 585 41 1180 179 4101

II) C R E D IT AND BA N K IN G

Total 8 127 4 83 14 268 23 531 17 455 66 1464

III) URBAN C O O P E R A T IV E B A N K IN G

Total 4 73 5 116 4 75 4 58 5 101 22 423

IV) C O O P E R A T IV E M A R K E T IN G & P R O C E SSIN G

Total 12 231 13 183 12 422 18 321 11 210 66 1367

V) IN D U S T R IA L C O O P E R A T IV E S

Total 1 8 . . 1 11 1 7 1 10 3 28

V I) C O N S U M E R C O O P E R A T IV E S

Total 1 7 3 42 ->3 5 3 54 1 20 11 174

V II) H A N D L O O M C O O P E R A T IV E S

Total .......................... 2 37 2 37

It is evident from the data contained in table 5.8 that the maximum

num ber o f courses were conducted in m ulti-sector having a total o f 179

courses with 4101 participants, credit and banking sector is the second

largest sector were 6 6 program m es along w ith 1464 participants have been

conducted. Sim ilarly, cooperative m arketing and processing holds 3rd

position in order o f courses (6 6 ) and participants (1367). The data also

reveals that handloom and dairy sectors are the exceptions where only 2

program m es each have been conducted. On' the whole more

sem inar/w orkshops are conducted as com pared to Diploma and short term

courses.

There are now 5 Regional Institutes o f Cooperative M anagement

(RICM ) at Bangalore, Chandigarh, Kalyani, Gandhinagar and Patna and 15

Institutes o f Cooperative M anagem ent (ICM ) spread over different parts of

the country. Generally, there is one RICM /ICM in each State. However,

some States like UP, M aharashtra, Tamil N adu and Kerala have two

institutes each and sm aller States in North East have been allocated to be

served by the two institutes at Gauhati and Imphal. Sim ilarly, two Regional

Institutes at G andinagar and Chandigarh cater to neighbouring states of

Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, J&K and Delhi. These institutes cater

to the training needs o f the cooperative departm ents and cooperative

organizations o f the middle level personnel o f their management.

C/3 O s n « n o ft O 3- ft rj O >8 s- s b

Average

Total

Thriruvanthapuram

Pune

Patna

NagpurMadhurai

Chenni

Luckhnow

p 3 ■a c

Kalyani

Jaipur

Imphal

Hyderabad

Gawhati

Gandhinagar

Dehradun

o rr p 3 a. cro‘

p =r

Bhubaneshwar

Bhopal |

CO p 3 0Q_ O -n (T

Location of RICMS/ICMS

33.5

638

48

52

35

4043

4730

tO

45

2427

2423

-UU>

24

38

26

37

No. o f courses

1994-95

00 la OO

16299

1239

1291

1421

1098

86212481269

381

793

490

603

387

680

976

320

544

749

553

1395

No. o f participants

104.6

V© OO OOOO OO

99

126

84140

16795

75

14279

142

106

76

80

58

84

oON

to

No. o f training weeks

36.3

690

40

27

44

26

3852

28

47

2833

30

52 ]

22

LA

34

27

42

32

37

No. o f courses

1995-96

0006

17101

1128

965

1629

200

703

o OO OO

859

1148

745

635

672

o OO OO

439

1333

1003

ON

854

728

773

No. o f partici­pants

105.7

2009

92

74

U>

106

Onu>

106

98

148

59103

108

85

OO

84

125

102

107

"■J

No. o f training weeks

41.5

789 !

48

59

34

-U >

4528

57

43

3430

60

26

50

40

39

33

40

No. o f courses

1996-97

1022.0

19431

11621369

1260

734845

921696

1446

1572

797

644

1225

531

1296

977

1004

963

865

1124

No. o f participants

111.5

2120

93

120

129

ON

134

94

154

162

6295

105

77

OO

85

103

144

NO

162

No. o f training weeks

45.4

863

44

72

LA

32

42

ON

26

69

26

LA

40

ON

30

52

36

42

40

46

42

No. o f courses

1997-98

1097.0

NJ O OO -p̂

1158

1535

1509

772

OO o OO

1508681

1741

1024

1168912

1521

672

1189

740

1162

862

910

972

No. o f participants

112.8

2145

OO

100

122

120

9313679

0\

109

77108

90

86

85

75

120

227

99

222

No. of training weeks

TABLE 5.9PROGRESS OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES CONDUCTED AT RICMS/ICMS

It is clear from the figures of table 5.9 that during 1994-95, total number of

training programmes conducted by all RICMs and ICMs were 638 with 16299

participants and 1988 weeks. In 1995-96 the total number o f courses slightly increased

to 690 with 17101 participants and 2009 weeks. In 1996-97 the total number of courses

increased to 789 with 19431 participants and 2120 weeks. Similarly, the number of total

courses in 1997-98 increased to 863 with 20844 participants with number of weeks to

2145. On the whole, it is observed that the number o f courses with participants and

weeks showed an upward trend. However, the institute of Pune witnessed a large

number of 71 courses with 1535 participants in 1997-98 while as the institute at Kanpur

conducted 69 courses with highest participation o f 1741 persons.

The institutes o f RICM/ICM regularly conduct Higher Diploma in Cooperative

Management, Secretarial Diploma Programme and Management Development

programmes for short duration. Higher Diploma in Cooperative Management of 36

weeks designed to prepare personnel to man the middle level management positions in

cooperatives was organized by all these institutes except Bhopal which organized

“Foundation Induction Course” for the newly recruited Assistant Registrars and

Inspectors o f Cooperative Societies of 16 weeks at the instance of the RCS, Madya

Pradesh and 26 officers participated in the programme.

The over all progress of Higher Diploma in Cooperatives, Secretarial Diploma

and other short term courses organized during the last four years is revealed by the data

contained in table 5.10.

Source: Compiled from the records of NCUI, New Delhi

Total

Trivaaanth.PunePatnaNagpur 1

| MuduraiLuckhnow !MannurKalyani

1 Jaipur 1OmphalHyderabadGauhatiGandhinagarDehradunChennaiChandigarhBubaneshwar

| BhopalBanglore

Location of the Centre

20to

DIV

QH

Programmeconducted

1995-9649

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218

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Participations

1062

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Programmeconducted

1996-97

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Participations

944

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Programmeconducted

1997-98

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Participations

1069

LA ola VO

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3827374243582206

| 2356 ]216042493341

| 2556 |2228380416273565272035172655267925032793

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I

TABLE 5.10COURSE WISE PROGRESS OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES ORGANIZED AT RICMS/ICMS

Table 5.10 demonstrates the institute-wise training programmes organized by

RICMs/ICMs. In Banglore institute, during 1995-96, 2 HDCM programmes were

conducted while rest of the institutes conducted one each. The total HDCM programmes

conducted by all institutes during 1995-96 stood at 20, While as the total participants in

these courses were 939. During the same, 44 secretarial diploma courses were

conducted by 11 institutes with a participation o f 1062 persons. The short term courses

were 603 in total with 14210 participants. The total o f all the courses during 1995-96

were 669 with 16211 participation. During 1996-97, all the institutes conducted 25

HDCM, 46 secretarial Diploma and 718 short-term courses with a total participation of

831, 944 and 11656 persons respectively. On the whole, the ̂ institute at Hyderabad

conducted as many as 177 programmes with a total participation of 3804 during the

period o f 3 years. This is followed by the institute at Kannur with 158 programmes and

4249 participants. The institute o f Pune also exhibited a good position with 156

programmes and 3742 participants during two periods. The lowest profile is highlighted

by the institute o f Gawahati with 77 programmes (1627 participants).

The RICMs/ICMs, in addition to the HDCM, Secretarial Diploma and short term>

programmes also meet the needs o f various sectors of the cooperative management.

These Secretarial diploma programmes were usually organized in the area of

cooperative banking, urban cooperative banking, Rural Development Banking (RDB),

Marketing, Audit, Consumer, industrial, Handloom, LAMPS, Dairy, Fishery etc.

Besides, diploma programme, institutes also conduct short term programmes for

different cooperative personnel functioning in the Cooperative Sector. These

programmes are conducted in every state of the country by these institutes with a

remarkable progress over the years as dear froin the data contained in tabic 5.i 1

TABLE 5.11STATE WISE UTILISATIONS OF TRAINING PROGRAMMES

AT RICM/ICM

S. No.

State

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

TotaJ

Yearly

Average

1. Andra Pradesh 260 231 261 458 109 1225 1540 5067 723.8

2. Assam 118 168 318 644 428 335 662 2673 381.8

3. Bihar 107 599 545 1421 1633 1260 1509 7074 1010.5

4. Delhi - - - 4 9 2 2 17 2.4

5. Gujrat 322 219 590 976 1337 1296 1193 5933 847.5

6. Haryana 117 256 162 244 220 252 632 1883 269.0

7. Goa - 1 - 127 149 286 339 902 128.8

8. Himachal Pradesh 116 19 44 59 59 173 116 586 83.7

9. J&K 39 16 44 59 87 130 61 436 62.2

10 Karnataka 366 1796 1012 1278 765 1124 973 7314 1044.8

11 Kerela 550 767 1075 1678 2276 2608 2931 11885 1697.8

12 Madya Pradesh 431 707 498 580 736 . 865 914 4731 675.8

13 Maharashtra 669 738 1110 2153 1508 1817 1989 9984 1426.2

14 Manipur 22 241 864 585 627 644 895 3878 554.0

15 Megalaya 250 9 6 5 6 32 8 316 45.1

16 Mizoram - - - - 3 153 - 156 22.2

17 Nagaland - 8 - 20 45 7 20 100 20.0

18 Orissa 483 144J0 749 753 858 963 866 6112 873.1

19 Punjab 36 109 343 199 215 293 296 1491 213.0

20 Rajasthan 270 403 604 493 639 797 1168 1374 624.8

21 Skimm - 7 2 7 - 3 - 19 2.7

22 Tamil Nadu 923 1353 1805 2115 1793 1766 2214 11969 1709.8

23 Tripora - - - - - - - - -

24 Utter Pradesh 639 807 651 1573 1833 1673 1421 8597 1228.1

25 West Bengal 582 742 582 794 752 1572 1026 6050 864.2

26 Union territories 16 14 5 40 28 20 36 159 22.7

27 Others 39 66 39 34 3 135 33 349 49.8

Total 6355 10716 11309 16299 17101 19431 20844

State Average 235.3 396.8 418.8 603.6 633.3 719.6 272.0

It is demonstrated by the above table 5.11 that during 1991-92 all the institutions

conducted 6355 training courses, the average o f which worked out to 235.5 courses per

institute with the highest number of 669 courses conducted by RICM Maharashtra

followed by the institute of Uter Pradesh (639). During 1992-93 Karnataka witnessed

the highest number o f 1796 followed by Orissa with 1440 and the total of all

ICM/RICM programmes worked out to 10716 programmes (396.8 average). In the same

way during 1993-94 the state o f Maharashtra recorded the highest number o f 1110

programmes followed by Kerala (1075) and lowest (2) in Skim while the total training

courses conducted by all the institutions are o f the order of 11309. During 1994-95 in

Maharashtra highest number of training programme (2153) were conducted followed by

Tamil Nadu (2115) and lowest in the state of Delhi (4) and Sikkim (7). During 1995-96,

1996-97 and 1997-98 the state of Kerela recorded highest number o f training courses,

conducted,followed the state o f Uter Pradesh in 1995-96, Maharashtra in 1996-97 and

1997-98. The total courses conducted by all the institutes during the period were 16299

(603.6 average), 17101 (633.3 average), 19431 (719.6 average) and 20849 (772.0

average).

MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVES

The scheme for the management training for industrial Cooperative personnel is

financed by Ministry of Industry, Department o f Industrial Development. The basic

objective o f the scheme is to train the personnel of industrial cooperatives in the

management so that they can run as viable units. During the year 1997-98, ten sessions

of diploma courses in industrial cooperative management were organized at various

RICMs/ICMs, were 212 participants have been trained. In addition, three sessions of

certificate courses in industrial cooperative management o f 6 weeks duration were also

conducted during 1997-98 in which 60 employees participated. Keeping in view the

specific needs of the Department of Industry and industrial cooperatives, 36 short term

programmes were organized in which 808 employees participated during the year 1997-

98. The total number of persons trained from 1994 -98 were 7372.

The scheme of management training for handloom cooperatives is financed by

the Ministry o f Textile (Development Commissioner for Handloom) Govt, of India. The

scheme is in operation since 1979. It aims at developing decision making

implementation skills in management of handloom cooperatives. The Diploma

programme in Handloom Cooperative Management o f 18 weeks duration is targeted to

train secretaries and managers of primary Hanldoom Cooperatives, functional managers

and personnel in supervising cadres in state, central and Handloom Societies. It also

aims to build managerial skills o f concerned persons in cooperative and other relative

departments. During the year 1997-98, four sessions of diploma programmes were

organized in which 107 persons participated. One session of certificate course in

Handloom Cooperative Management was also organized during the year in which 10

persons participated. On the whole, during the last four years (1994-98) 3681 persons

were trained in handloom cooperatives.

COMPUTER PROGRAMMES

Each RICM/COM has developed well equipped computer centre which is used

with a view to organize diploma and short term training programmes in computer

applications for the personnel working in the cooperative sector. The computer centre

are also utilized for the teaching the subjects o f MIS (Computer) introduced recently in

the HDCM and other sectoral Diploma Programmes being conducted by the various

institutes. It is also envisaged that RICMIICM develop and maintain cooperative data

bank which facilitates research and policy formation in the cooperative sector.

TRAINING OF FOREIGN SCHOLARS

Training of foreign scholars from various Afro-Asian countries is being offered

by the NCCT every year. These facilities are being provided under the various

Government schemes like TCS of Colombo plans, SCAPP, ITEC under the sponsorship

of ILO, PACTA, FAE, UNDP, Agro-Asian Rural Construction Organization and also

on self-finance basis.

Every year brochures and booklets are brought out by Ministry of Agriculture,

Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Ministry of Finance, Department of

Economic Affairs, Containing detailed information regarding training facilities available

to foreign scholars in India and also includes the training programmes organized by

NCCT units. The brounchures/ booklets are widely circulated. The Council Provides

Training Facilities to foreign scholars at the following units.

1. Vaikunth Mehta National Institute o f Coop. Mgt.

2. Regional Institute of Coop. Mgt Banglore.

3. Institute o f Coop. Mgt. Bhubenshwar

4. Institute of Coop. Mgt. Chennai (Madras)

5. Institute o f Coop. Mgt. Hyderabad.

6 . Institute o f Coop. Mgt. Thiruvananthan Puran

As on March 1998, a total of 725 scholars from as may as 39 Afro-Asian

countries had availed the training facilities. Country wise and course wise break of

foreign scholars trained since the inception o f the scheme is given in table 5.12.

Table 5.12 reveals the picture of foreign scholars who have got training from the

Indian Cooperative Institutes upto 1998. It is exhibited by the data that 725 foreign

persons have been trained so far in which Afghanistan ranks first were 114 persons have

got training, followed by Malaysia with 58 persons, Shrilanka (55), Nepal (47),

Philippines (42) and Indonesia (37) rank next in importance. HDCM ranks at number

one where 115 persons have been trained in which Nepal stands at number first with 19

persons followed by Malaysia and Ethiopia. Cooperative Marketing Management ranks

at number second in order of total persons trained (109). The country of Shrilanka is

having the highest participation with 18 persons followed Afghanistan with 11 persons.

While the lowest participation is witnessed by Ethiopia, Jordan, Nigeria and Somalia.

On the whole Afghanistan holds first rank in order o f persons trained followed by

M alaysia and Shrilanka.

MalaysiaMaldivesMalawiLesothoLiberiaLaos (Vietnam)KoreaKenyaJordanIraqIndonesiaIranGahanaZambia

£.

EthiopiaEgyptCombodiaBhutanBangaladeshAfghanistan

Countries

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NCCT provides support to junior level cooperative training centres in the country. There are 92 junior level cooperative training centres in the country catering to the training needs of the junior level functionaries in the cooperative institutions. The support is provided particularly in respect of library class room, faculty development,

course designing, development o f training material and acquisition o f infrastructural

facilities like library books, buildings, computers etc. The over all training network of junior training centres is revealed by the data contained in table 5.13.

TABLE 5.13TRAINING CENTRES AND PERSONS TRAINED THROUGH JUNIOR

COOPERATIVE TRAINING CENTRESS.

NoStates

TrainingCentres

PersonsTrained

Rank (persons trained)

1. Andra Pradesh 6 475 IX2 . Arunchal Pradesh 1 13 XVII3. Assam 2 N.A X4. Bihar 3 N.A X5. Delhi 1 304 XII6 . Gujrat 5 493 VII7. Goa 1 369 X8 . Haryana 1 N.A X9. Himachal Pradesh 2 127 XIV1 0 . J&K 2 68 XV1 1 . Karnataka 7 3274 II1 2 . Kerela 9 335 XI13. Madya Pradesh 5' 2049 IV14. Maharashtra 13 3627 I15. Manipur 1 106 IV16. Megalya 1 69 XVI17. Nagaland 1 N.A X18. Orissa 4 1697 V19. Pondichery 1 335 X2 0 . Rajisthan 1 252 XIII2 1 . Tamil Nadu 9 2572 III2 2 . Tripora 1 W.A X23. Uter Pradesh 8 399 VIII24. West Bengal 6 1206 VI25. Mizoram 1 N.A X

i otai vz i /O/UAverage 3.6 706.8

Table 5 .13 exhibits that the state o f Maharashtra ranks first by way of number of

training centres as well as the number o f persons trained during the year 1998. While the

second rank is held by the state o f Karnataka by way of number of persons trained but

has only 7 training centres followed by Tamil Nadu which has trained 2572 persons while

as Tamil Nadu holds third rank. Similarly, Kerela having 9 training centres, has trained

only 335 persons while as Goa has just one training centre has trained as many as 369

persons and the Aumachal Pradesh has trained only 13 persons during the year. The

average number o f persons trained in each state stands at 706.8 per annum.

EMERGING TRENDS IN HRD AND THE ROLE OF NCUI

The subject o f HRD has assumed a greater importance in view o f the challenges

posed by the liberalized environment. Development o f enlightened members and office

bearers and professionalizing the management is the most challenging task before the

cooperative movement at present. National Cooperative Union of India NCUI) has

initiated significant measures in this direction. Some of them are highlighted below.

1. NCUI has suggested action plan for HRD to all cooperatives on the lines o f the

recommendations made by the HRD conference organized earlier. In response to

this IFFCO took positive steps to formulate corporate plan for HRD.

2. NCUI, through its spokesman journal “The Cooperator” sensitises the

cooperatives on various issues relating to HRD besides other issues affecting the

cooperative movement.

3. A country wide cooperative education programme is implemented by NCUI

through state cooperative unions and specially created education field projects.

These efforts aimed at educating the members and office bearers which will result

in the improved performance of the cooperatives at various levels.

4. For building up managerial resources the NCUI has been conducting a number o f

training programmes for senior and middle level executives o f cooperatives

through National Institute o f Cooperative Management and 18 Institutes of

Cooperative Management at state level. Besides, the NCUI is also supporting

JCTC (95 in number) so as to train the operational level personnel of

cooperatives.

5. NCUI has taken keen interest in developing cooperatives in far flung areas like

Skim, Lakshadeep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and specifically in North

eastern states were cooperative education projects have been established. These

efforts will facilitate proper growth of HRD in cooperatives.

6. The Govt, o f India Constituted a task force on HRD under the leadership of

NCUI to suggest appropriate strategies for formulating need based managerial

courses for cooperative. The report incorporating the aspirations of the

cooperative movement has been submitted to the Govt, of India.

7. The period of the last 10 years also witnessed the emergence of parallel training

institutions sponsored by different cooperative institutions. In some cases it

benefited the movement by supplementing the efforts of NCUI training units, but

in some cases it resulted in duplication o f efforts and unhealthy competition with

the established cooperative training institutes.

8. Special efforts have been initiated to develop women in cooperation. NCUI has

played a key role in the establishment of 7 women cooperative federations at the

state level and the proposal for registration of National Federation has been

submitted for incorporation.

9. NCUI collaborated with the international agencies like ICA, ILO for evolving

general policies on HRD which are globally accepted providing for necessary

changes to suit the local conditions. The most significant outcome of this effort

is successful experiment carried out in collaboration with “ILO, COOPNET”

project for revamping junior training centres “The model centres” have now

been developed and efforts are being multiplied rapidly.

10. The cooperaiive training units have been eonsiantly engaged in redesigning the

courses and launching new courses to face the emerging challenges.

11. The training methodology has also undergone necessary changes to adopt the

new concepts of total training for organizational transformation, total quality

management and organizational development initiatives. These trends have

changed altogether (NCUI, 1997:40-41, 156-162).

For conducting cooperative training programmes, the NCCT gets 100% grant

from the Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture as also from the Ministry of

Industry and Ministry o f Textiles. Over a period o f time, the focus of training offered

under the aegis of NCCT has been switched over to equip executives operating in the

cooperative enterprises. A system approach to training management has been adopted

which comprises the identification o f training needs, setting objectives o f each training

needs, setting objectives of each training programme, development of suitable training

modules in consultation with the user organizations, adoption of participatory approach

and modern training methods and aids. The curricula for different training programmes

have been re-designed and given due weightage to skill and management development.

CONCLUSION

The NCUI, an apex organization in the country, and the state cooperative

unions- the state level apex organizations are responsible for making adequate

arrangements for cooperative education and training. In order to cater to the HRD needs

of cooperative sector the unions are engaged in the implementation of cooperative

education and training programmes. Various training programmes have been

formulated and designed as per the requirements o f HRD in cooperative sector in the

country which are based on course curricular and activities considering the sectoral

requirements. The training programmes are being imparted under the over all

administrative control of National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT). The

programmes are being implemented through Viakunth Mehta National Institute of

Cooperative Management (VIMNICOM) for the senior level personnel and for middle

level coopera t ive personnel, the training is be ing im parted through Institute o f

Cooperative Management and also through Junior Training Centres for junior level

personnel working in the cooperatives and other concerned departments. The direct

programmes for leadership development and trainer’s training are met through National

Centres for Cooperative Education. Thus the three-tier well knit cooperative training

setup is functioning in the country comprising the above three level institutions. It has

been the endeavour of NCCT to develop job oriented and need based training

programmes for all sectors o f varied duration with the participation of user

organizations and other departments. The modular approach has been adopted to

develop more and more job centered training packages for all the sectors to up grade

training technology and diversified training programmes to provide purely management

based programmes and to improve the professional competence of the personnel

working in the cooperative sector. With the diversification of the cooperative structure

and the implementation of new economic policy o f the Govt, of India in the country, the

NCCT has been conscious to develop innovative programmes on Business Development

Planning for agriculture cooperatives and computers awareness and application

programmes have recently been evolved in this direction. The training materials and

training aids have also been upgraded.