Human Regulation Nervous System Endocrine System Video.

Human Human RegulationRegulation

Nervous SystemNervous System

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

VideoVideo

Nervous SystemNervous SystemCentral Central Nervous Nervous System System

1.1. BrainBrain2.2. Medulla Medulla

OblongataOblongata3.3. Spinal Spinal

CordCord

Organs and Organs and FunctionsFunctions

The BrainThe Brain

The The control control center of center of the bodythe body

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain ThalamusThalamus – – Center of the Center of the senses.senses.

MeansMeansbedroom/bedroom/chamberchamber in in GreekGreek

Parts of the BrainParts of the BrainHypothalamusHypothalamus – Controls – Controls temperature, hunger, and emotionstemperature, hunger, and emotions

Parts of the BrainParts of the BrainCerebrumCerebrum – – Largest part of the brainLargest part of the brainCenter of thinking, Center of thinking, memory, voluntary memory, voluntary activity, languageactivity, language

Parts of the BrainParts of the BrainCerebelluCerebellumm

Muscle Muscle controlcontrol

BalanceBalance

Medulla OblongataMedulla Oblongata

Center of Center of involuntary involuntary actionsactions

BreathingBreathingHeartbeatHeartbeatPeristalsisPeristalsis

Spinal CordSpinal CordA tubular A tubular

mass of mass of nerves; nerves; Relays Relays impulses to impulses to and from and from the brain.the brain.

Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem

Carries impulses to and Carries impulses to and from the CNS.from the CNS.

Consists of nerves in the Consists of nerves in the arms, legs, and organs arms, legs, and organs around the CNS.around the CNS.

2 Divisions of PNS2 Divisions of PNS(Add at the bottom of your notes)(Add at the bottom of your notes)

SomaticSomatic AutonomicAutonomic

FunctionFunctionss

Voluntary Voluntary ControlControl

Involuntary Involuntary

ControlControl

OrgansOrgans

AffectedAffected

Skeletal Skeletal

MuscleMuscleHeartHeart

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

Digestive Digestive TractTract

ETC…ETC…

Sympathetic and Sympathetic and ParasympatheticParasympathetic

SympatheticSympathetic – Activates – Activates the “Fight or Flight” the “Fight or Flight” response.response.

ParasympatheticParasympathetic – The – The “Rest and Digest” system. “Rest and Digest” system. Counteracts the Counteracts the Sympathetic response.Sympathetic response.

The NeuronThe NeuronNerve CellsNerve Cells - - The functional The functional unit of the unit of the nervous nervous system.system.

Neural StructureNeural Structure

Nucleus

Dendrites

Axon

Myelin Sheath

Nodes

Terminal Ends

Cell Body

Synapse

The Nerve The Nerve ResponseResponse

StimuliStimuli – A change in the – A change in the environment; loud noise, environment; loud noise, ∆ temp. ∆ temp.

ReceptorsReceptors – Receive – Receive messages; sense organsmessages; sense organs


Sensory NeuronSensory Neuron – Nerve – Nerve cells in a sense organ cells in a sense organ that receives a stimulus.that receives a stimulus.

InterneuronInterneuron – Transmits – Transmits impulses b/t sensory and impulses b/t sensory and motor neuronsmotor neurons


Motor NeuronMotor Neuron – Carries – Carries impulses from the CNS impulses from the CNS to the rest of the bodyto the rest of the body

EffectorEffector – Organ or part of – Organ or part of the body that reacts to the body that reacts to the impulse and has a the impulse and has a reflexreflex

Reflex PathwayReflex Pathway

Stimul

us Receptor

Sensory

Neuron

Interneuron

Motor Neuro

n

Effector

Nervous System Nervous System DisordersDisordersAlzheimer’s Disease:Alzheimer’s Disease:

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that occurs in the neurodegenerative disease that occurs in the brain and often results in the following: brain and often results in the following:

impaired memory, thinking, and behavior impaired memory, thinking, and behavior confusion confusion restlessness restlessness personality and behavior changes personality and behavior changes impaired judgment impaired judgment impaired communication impaired communication inability to follow directions inability to follow directions language deterioration language deterioration impaired visuospatial skills impaired visuospatial skills emotional apathy emotional apathy

Nervous System Nervous System DisordersDisorders

Bell’s Palsy:Bell’s Palsy:A specific cause of Bell's palsy is unknown, A specific cause of Bell's palsy is unknown,

however, it has been suggested that the however, it has been suggested that the disorder may be inherited. It also may be disorder may be inherited. It also may be associated with the following: associated with the following:

diabetes diabetes high blood pressure high blood pressure trauma trauma toxins toxins Lyme disease Lyme disease infection infection

Symptoms of Bell’s Palsy:Loss of feeling in the face; headache; tearing; drooling; loss of the sense of taste on the front two-thirds of the tongue; hypersensitivity to sound in the affected ear; inability to close the eye on the affected side of the face

Nervous System Nervous System DisordersDisorders

Multiple Sclerosis:Multiple Sclerosis:

There are many possible There are many possible

causes of MS, including:causes of MS, including: viruses viruses environmental factors environmental factors genetic factors genetic factors immune system factors immune system factors

Symptoms:•blurred or double vision •red-green color distortion •pain and loss of vision due to optic neuritis, an inflammation of the optic nerve •difficulty walking •paresthesia (abnormal sensation, or pain, such as numbness, prickling, or "pins and needles")

Nervous System Nervous System DisordersDisordersEpilepsy and SeizuresEpilepsy and Seizures::

Causes include:Causes include: in newborns and infants:in newborns and infants:

birth traumabirth trauma congenital (present at birth) problemscongenital (present at birth) problems feverfever metabolic or chemical imbalances in the body metabolic or chemical imbalances in the body

in children, adolescents, and adults:in children, adolescents, and adults: alcohol or drugsalcohol or drugs head traumahead trauma infection infection unknown reasonsunknown reasons

Other possible causes:Other possible causes: brain tumor brain tumor neurological problems neurological problems drug withdrawal drug withdrawal medicationsmedications

Symptoms of Epilepsy or Symptoms of Epilepsy or SeizuresSeizures

staringstaring jerking movements of the arms and legsjerking movements of the arms and legs stiffening of the bodystiffening of the body loss of consciousnessloss of consciousness breathing problems or breathing stopsbreathing problems or breathing stops loss of bowel or bladder controlloss of bowel or bladder control falling suddenly for no apparent reasonfalling suddenly for no apparent reason not responding to noise or words for brief periodsnot responding to noise or words for brief periods appearing confused or in a hazeappearing confused or in a haze sleepiness and irritable upon waking in the sleepiness and irritable upon waking in the

morningmorning nodding the headnodding the head periods of rapid eye blinking and staringperiods of rapid eye blinking and staring

Other Neurological Other Neurological DiseasesDiseases

Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s Disease MeningitisMeningitis Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy StrokeStroke Carpal Tunnel SyndromeCarpal Tunnel Syndrome Etc….Etc….

The Human The Human Endocrine Endocrine

SystemSystemChemical Chemical

RegulationRegulationHormone VideoHormone Video

ImportanceImportance

The human endocrine The human endocrine system is responsible for system is responsible for chemical regulationchemical regulation in in the body.the body.

ComponentsComponentsHormones Hormones – Chemical – Chemical messengers secreted by messengers secreted by glands. (ex: adrenaline)glands. (ex: adrenaline)

GlandsGlands – release – release hormones into the bloodhormones into the blood

ComponentsComponentsTarget CellsTarget Cells – Cells that – Cells that have receptor sites for have receptor sites for specific hormones.specific hormones.

T

E

1.Hypothalamus

2.Pituitary

3.Pineal

4.Thyroid

5.Parathyroid

6.Thymus

7. Adrenal

8. Pancreas

9. Testes

Ovaries

Glands, Functions, & Glands, Functions, & DisordersDisorders

GlandGland Hormone & FxnHormone & Fxn

Pituitary Pituitary ––

Located Located in the in the base of base of the brainthe brain

Growth HormoneGrowth Hormone – – Bone formationBone formation

TSH TSH - Stimulates - Stimulates thyroidthyroid

FSHFSH – Stimulates – Stimulates ovariesovaries


ThyroidThyroid – –

Located Located in the in the neckneck

ThyroxinThyroxin – – Regulates the rate Regulates the rate of metabolismof metabolism

ParathyroParathyroidid Located Located on the on the thyroid thyroid glandgland

ParathormoneParathormone – – Metabolism of Metabolism of Calcium; Normal Calcium; Normal nerve and muscle nerve and muscle functionfunction


ThymusThymus - -

Located Located in the in the upper upper chestchest

ThymosinThymosin – – Stimulates Stimulates lymphocyte lymphocyte productionproduction


Islets of Islets of LangerhanLangerhanss

Located Located

in the in the pancreaspancreas

InsulinInsulin – stimulates – stimulates glucose storageglucose storage

GlucagonGlucagon – – Releases stored Releases stored glucose from the glucose from the liver.liver.


AdrenalAdrenal - - Located Located on the top on the top of the of the kidneyskidneys

AdrenalineAdrenaline – – Increases heart Increases heart rate and breathing rate and breathing during fight or during fight or flight.flight.

CortisolCortisol – regulates – regulates nutrient nutrient metabolism and metabolism and balances balances adrenalineadrenaline


OvariesOvaries - - Located in Located in the lower the lower abdomen abdomen of femalesof females

ProgesteroneProgesterone – – Stimulates Stimulates secondary sex secondary sex characteristics in characteristics in females.females.

EstrogenEstrogen – – Secondary sex Secondary sex characteristics and characteristics and maintenance of fat maintenance of fat & bone strength& bone strength


TestesTestes – – Located in Located in the the scrotum of scrotum of malesmales

TestosteroneTestosterone – – Stimulates Stimulates secondary sex secondary sex characteristics and characteristics and sperm productionsperm production

Endocrine DisordersEndocrine DisordersPituitaryPituitary – – Giantism/Giantism/

DwarfismDwarfism

Endocrine DisordersEndocrine Disorders

ThyroidThyroid – – HypothyroidismHypothyroidism: Mental : Mental

retardation, small sizeretardation, small sizeHyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism: :

Nervous, rapid weight Nervous, rapid weight loss, goiter, bulging eyesloss, goiter, bulging eyes


ParathyroidParathyroid – – Nerve disordersNerve disordersBrittle bonesBrittle bonesClotting problemsClotting problems


Islets of Langerhans – Islets of Langerhans – Diabetes I – “Juvenile Diabetes I – “Juvenile

diabetes” – Lack or diabetes” – Lack or absence of insulin; absence of insulin; Increases blood sugarIncreases blood sugar


Islets of Langerhans – Islets of Langerhans – Diabetes II – Diabetes II –

“Hyperglycemia” – high “Hyperglycemia” – high blood sugar; sometimes blood sugar; sometimes brought on by obesitybrought on by obesity


Adrenal Glands – Adrenal Glands – Cushing's Disease – Cushing's Disease – Excessive levels of Excessive levels of CortisolCortisol

Addison’s Disease – Low Addison’s Disease – Low Cortisol productionCortisol production

The secretion of hormones by The secretion of hormones by the endocrine glands is the endocrine glands is regulated by regulated by Negative Negative FeedbackFeedback. The level of one . The level of one hormone hormone stimulates or inhibitsstimulates or inhibits the level of another hormone.the level of another hormone.

Ex: a Ex: a thermostatthermostat in a house in a house

Feedback Feedback MechanismsMechanisms

Human Regulation Nervous System Endocrine System Video.

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