Chapter 10: Comparing Two Populations or Groups Section 10.2 Comparing Two Means.
Human Populations Pt II The development of social groups.
-
Upload
augustine-pope -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
3
Transcript of Human Populations Pt II The development of social groups.
Human Populations Human Populations Pt IIPt IIThe development of social groupsThe development of social groups
Clues to Social Clues to Social DevelopmentDevelopment
Prehistoric Plant and Animal remains gives clues to:Prehistoric Plant and Animal remains gives clues to: Hunting and gathering customsHunting and gathering customs Agriculture and livestock practicesAgriculture and livestock practices Dietary PreferencesDietary Preferences
From these clues we can:From these clues we can: Learn how they lived together sociallyLearn how they lived together socially Learn how they altered the environment through Learn how they altered the environment through
agriculture and foragingagriculture and foraging Learn what helped cause extinction of plants and animalsLearn what helped cause extinction of plants and animals
Hunting and GatheringHunting and Gathering From the beginning of man until From the beginning of man until
12,000 years ago, man hunted, 12,000 years ago, man hunted, foraged and scavengedforaged and scavenged These hunter-gatherer communities killed These hunter-gatherer communities killed
off many species of plant and animaloff many species of plant and animal These groups were usually nomadsThese groups were usually nomads
Roamed from place to placeRoamed from place to place Experts at using the lands resources and Experts at using the lands resources and
locating food/waterlocating food/water Moved on when food ran outMoved on when food ran out
Some people still live this waySome people still live this way Ex: Kalahari BushmenEx: Kalahari Bushmen
Fire:Fire: Allowed these people to live in cold areasAllowed these people to live in cold areas Eat food previously inedible and preserve Eat food previously inedible and preserve
foodfood
ToolsTools
First tools made by AustralopithecinesFirst tools made by Australopithecines Rocks used to dig up roots and crack open animal bonesRocks used to dig up roots and crack open animal bones
Early tools made out of stone with flakes chipped offEarly tools made out of stone with flakes chipped off Used as knives or spear headsUsed as knives or spear heads
Other tools included sticks to probe for insects, heavy Other tools included sticks to probe for insects, heavy stones for battering and large sticks as weapons, animal stones for battering and large sticks as weapons, animal bones and hornsbones and horns
-Bones and horns were used to make fish hooks, buttons -Bones and horns were used to make fish hooks, buttons and sewing needlesand sewing needles
PotteryPottery Pottery are objects made from clayPottery are objects made from clay
Learned to make these by seeing baked Learned to make these by seeing baked or burned clay soilor burned clay soil
11stst pottery made from hollowed lumps pottery made from hollowed lumps of clay which were bakedof clay which were baked
Later came clay mixed with straw to Later came clay mixed with straw to make it less brittlemake it less brittle
Allowed for cooking and storing of Allowed for cooking and storing of foodfood Breads, soups and stews added to Breads, soups and stews added to
human diethuman diet Buying and selling of goods made Buying and selling of goods made
possible with potterypossible with pottery Pottery started modern commercePottery started modern commerce
Domestication of Plants Domestication of Plants and Animalsand Animals
Agriculture started ~10,000 years ago in Agriculture started ~10,000 years ago in Southwest AsiaSouthwest Asia
Within 2,000 years, using animals and Within 2,000 years, using animals and plants for domestic reasons was plants for domestic reasons was practiced from Greece to Pakistanpracticed from Greece to Pakistan
Farming and livestock breeding allowed Farming and livestock breeding allowed civilizations and economy to begincivilizations and economy to begin Sumeria, Egypt, Rome and GreeceSumeria, Egypt, Rome and Greece
Agriculture: Seed CropsAgriculture: Seed Crops Seed crops came firstSeed crops came first Planting occurred were Planting occurred were
harvesting was easiestharvesting was easiest Crops most plantedCrops most planted
GrassesGrasses WheatWheat RyeRye BarleyBarley CornCorn RiceRice
These crops grew well and These crops grew well and were nutritionally valuablewere nutritionally valuable
Other crops included:Other crops included: Squash, root crops, grapesSquash, root crops, grapes
Agriculture: Rain ForestsAgriculture: Rain Forests Rainforests have nutrient Rainforests have nutrient
poor soilpoor soil To make room for crops, To make room for crops,
sections of forest were sections of forest were burned downburned down The ashes mixed with the The ashes mixed with the
soil making it fertilesoil making it fertile Only a few harvests could Only a few harvests could
take place before the soil take place before the soil was no goodwas no good Farmers moved on when Farmers moved on when
soil was used upsoil was used up Still practiced in some Still practiced in some
rain forests around the rain forests around the worldworld
Agriculture: WoodlandsAgriculture: Woodlands The soils is very fertile in The soils is very fertile in
woodlandswoodlands Trees were cleared out and soil Trees were cleared out and soil
used for various cropsused for various crops The invention of the Plow The invention of the Plow
increased productivityincreased productivity Plows cut up, lift and turn over soilPlows cut up, lift and turn over soil
The plow was a huge development The plow was a huge development and began modern technologyand began modern technology Allowed creation of more foodAllowed creation of more food Humans became less dependent on Humans became less dependent on
nature and able to alter the nature and able to alter the environment for themselvesenvironment for themselves
Humans began to learn trades, arts Humans began to learn trades, arts and science because they worked and science because they worked in the fields lessin the fields less
The plow leads to new The plow leads to new advancesadvances
As populations grew due to more food, interest in As populations grew due to more food, interest in other areas grewother areas grew Ex: Arts, sciences and tradesEx: Arts, sciences and trades
Larger populations mean more needs for timber Larger populations mean more needs for timber and mineralsand minerals Some early civilizations may have fallen because of Some early civilizations may have fallen because of
overuse of some of these materialsoveruse of some of these materials Domestication of animals and plants occurred to Domestication of animals and plants occurred to
cope with growing human needscope with growing human needs Ex: Wolves scavenged human kills and eventually were Ex: Wolves scavenged human kills and eventually were
domesticated into modern dogsdomesticated into modern dogs Ex 2: Pigs and wild birds were bred for food in AsiaEx 2: Pigs and wild birds were bred for food in Asia Ex 3: Sheep, cattle and goats were used for food and to Ex 3: Sheep, cattle and goats were used for food and to
help with agriculture labor such as plowinghelp with agriculture labor such as plowing
Impact of DomesticationImpact of Domestication Once domesticated, uses for Once domesticated, uses for
plants and animals went beyond plants and animals went beyond food and clothingfood and clothing
Selective breeding allowed Selective breeding allowed humans to pick and choose traits humans to pick and choose traits they wanted the mostthey wanted the most Ex: Milk production in cows, disease Ex: Milk production in cows, disease
resistant plants for food, strength in resistant plants for food, strength in livestocklivestock
Increased productivity allowed Increased productivity allowed populations to expandpopulations to expand
More people learned trades and More people learned trades and craftscrafts Cities were born with commerce, Cities were born with commerce,
trade, government and religiontrade, government and religion
QuestionsQuestions1.1. Give two examples of hominid artifacts.Give two examples of hominid artifacts.
2.2. What animals were probably the first to What animals were probably the first to be domesticated by humans?be domesticated by humans?
3.3. What are tools? What did the first ones What are tools? What did the first ones look like?look like?
4.4. Where do scientists think hominids Where do scientists think hominids originated? originated?
5.5. How did standing upright help humans How did standing upright help humans advance?advance?