Human Population Growth
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Transcript of Human Population Growth
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HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH
Report of Jamaica Olazo
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“the power of population
growth is greater than the power
of Earth to produce
subsistence.”
Thomas MalthusR
epor
t of
Jam
aica
Ola
zo
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BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth
Biosphereall life on Earth
Population: all members of a single species living in a given time and place and actually or potentially interbreeding.
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Species: all individuals that are capable of interbreeding and is made up of populations.
Ecosystem: all the interacting populations in a given time and place.
Communities: all the organisms and their non-living environment in a defined area.
BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth
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Sex Ratio and Age Distribution– together they tell how a population will grow.
Sex Ratio – relative number of males and females in a population.
Age Distribution – number of individuals of each age in a population.
BASIC CONCEPTS of Population Growth
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DEMOGRAPHY– study of populations, their characteristics and changes.
study population size; density and distribution; age structure; sex ratio; Birth rate; Death rate; Immigration and
emigration rates
Demographers
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Three Technological Eras
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1B
2B
3B
4B
5B
6B
7B
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Affecting
Population Size HUMANFACTORS
Report of Jamaica Olazo
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1. Change in population size
= (births – deaths) + (immigrants – emigrants)
Affecting
Population Size HUMANFACTORS
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POPULATIONMOVEMENTS
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POPULATION MOVEMENTS
Migration
– permanent change of residence of a person or group.
Emigration – movement of people out of a country.
Immigration – movement of people into a country.
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Push factors1. No job opportunities; 2. Poverty;3. War; and 4. Environmental disasters
Circumstances in the country or origin that lead people to emigrate.
Pull factors1. Economic opportunity;2. Political freedom; and
(i.e. Democracy)
3. Better standards of living
Conditions in the destination country that make emigration attractive.
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1. Change in population size
= (births – deaths) + (immigrants – emigrants)
2. (Crude) Birth rate - the number of individuals born during a specified time interval.
Affecting
Population Size HUMANFACTORS
Natural increase – when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people are being born than are dying so the population grows.
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3. (Crude) Death rate - the number of individuals who die during a specified time interval.
Affecting
Population Size HUMANFACTORS
Natural decrease – when the death rate is higher than the birth rate.
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Demographic Transition Model- is an important factor in population growth.
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4. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – the average number of children a woman has during her reproductive years.
– Biotic potential: the maximum rate at which a population could increase when birth rate is maximal and death rate minimal.
5. Replacement Fertility - number of children needed to replace everyone in the population.
Zero Population Growth: • birth rate = death rate.
Affecting
Population Size HUMANFACTORS
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Demographics Profile 2013Philippines
(as of July 2013)Worldwide
(as of July 2013)
Population 7.2 billionGrowth Rate 1.84% 1.095%
Birth Rate 24.62 births/1,000 18.9 births/1,000 population
Death Rate 4.95 deaths/1,000 7.9 deaths/1,000 population
Fertility rate 3.1 children born/woman 2.45 children born/woman
Infant mortality rate
total: 18.19 deaths/1,000 live births
total:37.61 deaths/1,000 live births
Maternal mortality rate
99 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
People living with HIV/AIDS
8,700 (2009 est.) 33.3 million (2009 est.)
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Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
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Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
Philippine time: 2:24:45
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TOTAL FERTILITYRatesBirth
FACTORS AFFECTING
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1.Children in labor forceTOTAL
FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
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1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children
TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
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1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization
TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
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1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women
TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
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1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women5.Infant mortality rate
TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
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1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women5.Infant mortality rate6.Population’s religious beliefs, customs and traditions
TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
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1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women5.Infant mortality rate6.Populations religious beliefs, customs and traditions7.Average marrying age
TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
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1.Children in labor force2.Cost of raising and educating children3.Urbanization4.Education level and employment for women5.Infant mortality rate6.Populations religious beliefs, customs and traditions7.Average marrying age8.Availability of birth control and abortions
TOTAL FERTILITYRatesFACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
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MEGACITIES
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MEGACITIES
As of 2013, there are 24 megacities in existence according to the Population Reference Bureau.
- is usually defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess
of ten million people.
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MEGACITIES
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ME
GA
CIT
IES
Rank Megacity Country Population
1 Tokyo Japan 34,800,000
2 Guangzhou China 31,700,000
3 Shanghai China 28,900,000
4 Jakarta Indonesia 26,400,000
5 Seoul South Korea 25,800,000
6 Delhi (India) India 24,000,000
7 Mexico City Mexico 23,800,000
8 Karach Pakistan 23,500,000
9 Manila Philippines 22,200,000
10 New York City United States 21,600,000
11 São Paulo Brazil 21,600,000
12 Mumbai India 21,400,000
13 Beijing China 19,300,000
14 Los Angeles United States 17,200,000
15 Osaka Japan 16,800,000
16 Dhaka Bangladesh 16,300,000
17 Cairo Egypt 16,100,000
18 Kolkata India 16,000,000
19 London United Kingdom
15,500,000
20 Buenos Aires Argentina 14,500,000
21 Bangkok Thailand 14,500,000
22 Istanbul Turkey 14 160 467
23 Lagos Nigeria 13,200,000
24 Tehran Iran 13,200,000
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Comparisons
TRENDPopulation
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EX
TR
EM
E
PO
VE
RT
Y
Poor Rich
1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B
$100$10$1
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Riches can reach me! -Moon
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Poor Rich1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B
EX
TR
EM
E
PO
VE
RT
Y
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What percent of adults in the world today are literate?
25% 45% 65% 75%
Imma winner baby!
75%
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Poor Rich1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B
EX
TR
EM
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PO
VE
RT
Y
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Buy more!!!
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1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B
CFC Emission50%
25%
16%
9%4%1%
Hello!I’m 100%
FOSSIL FUEL
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DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Low infant mortality rate
Life expectancy of 77 years
Total fertility rate = 2.0
Per capita GDP = $36,110
Comparisons
TRENDPOPULATION
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
High infant mortality rate
Life expectancy of 52 years
Total fertility rate = 5.7
Per capita GDP = $800
Developing Countries- also called a less-developed country (LDC),is a nation with a lower living standard, underdeveloped industrial base.
Developed Countries- is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.
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THE WEALTH GAP AND POPULATION GROWTH CAUSE CONFLICT
The stark contrast between affluent and poor societies causes social and environmental stress.* The richest 20% use 86% of the world’s resources* Leaves 14% of the resources for 80% of the world’s people to share* Tensions between “haves” and “have-not’s” are increasing
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Major Social Factor Determining Family Size is the ROLE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY
• Early marriages foster high fertility rates.
• Lack of education opportunities for women reduces their options.
• When level of education increases, fertility rates fall.
• The most important factor is the ability of women to control the size of their family.
• Access to birth control is key
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ISSUESPOPULATIONHUMAN
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CAGE PEOPLE IN HONGKONG
Cage home refers to a type of residence that is big enough for one bunk bed and surrounded by a metal cage.
In 2007, there were approximately 53,200 people living in caged homes.
PROBLEMSSafetyUnhygienicLimited SpacePsychological welfare
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A TRIP TO INDIA
Home to 17 per cent of all people in the world.
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of Urban SprawlUndesirable Impacts
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Lost of crop lands, forest lands, and Wet lands
Undesirable ImpactsOf Human Sprawl
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Fragmenting fish and wildlife habitats.
Undesirable ImpactsOf Human Sprawl
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Increased impervious surfaces means more flooding.
Undesirable ImpactsOf Human Sprawl
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And a larger ecological footprint
Benefit is all a matter of one’sPerspective...
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Cutting Global Population Growth
• Family planning• Improve health care• Elevate the status of
women• Increase education• Involve men in parenting• Reduce poverty• Sustainability• Equal distribution of
wealth
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