Human Insulin.docx

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Human Insulin

Human insulin was approved for use in 1982

Human insulin is the name which describes synthetic insulin which is laboratory grown to mimic the

insulin in humans.

Human insulin was developed through the 1960s and 1970s and approved for pharmaceutical use in

1982.

Before human insulin was developed animal insulin, usually a purified form of porcine (pork) insulin,

was used.

How is human insulin produced?

Human insulin is laboratory created by growing insulin proteins within E-coli bacteria (Escherichia

coli).

What types of human insulin are available?

Human insulin is available in two forms, a short acting (regular) form and an intermediate acting

(NPH) form.

NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin, also known as isophane insulin, is a suspension

meaning that the insulin vial should be rolled or repeatedly turned upside down to ensure the

solution is uniformly cloudy.

Some examples of human insulin:

Regular (short acting): Humulin S, Actrapid, Insuman Rapid

NPH (intermediate acting): Humulin I, Insuman basal, Insulatard

Premixed human insulins: Humulin M2, M3 and M5, Insuman Comb 15, 25 and 50

What are premixed human insulins?

Premixed insulins consist of a mix of regular and NPH insulin. The premixed insulins are available in

a number of different ratios of mixing.

Insulin
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/about-insulin.htmlhttp://www.diabetes.co.uk/about-insulin.htmlhttp://www.diabetes.co.uk/about-insulin.html


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Insulin facts Insulin in the UK Insulin overdosage Insulin prescription Insulin sensitivity Insulin side effects History of insulin

Insulin types and formso Types of insulino Rapid acting insulino Short acting insulino Intermediate acting insulino Long acting insulino Analogue insulino Animal insulino Human insulino Insulin actions and durationso Insulin inhalerso Insulin pillso Oral insulin

Injections and syringeso Diabetes and injectionso How to inject insulino Injecting insulino Injecting insulin with a syringeo Injecting in publico Injection siteso Insulin delivery deviceso Insulin injection aidso Insulin jet injectorso Insulin site rotationo Insulin syringeso Lancets & lancingo Lancing deviceso Multiple daily injections vs insulin pumpso Needle free injectingo Starting on insulin in type 2 diabeteso Sharps storage and disposal

Insulin managemento Adjusting basal/bolus doseso Adjusting insulin doseso Changing insulino Faulty insulin peno Forgetting to inject insulino Insulin dosageo Missing insulin injections

Regimens and therapieso Insulin regimenso Basal bolus regimeno Fixed dose therapyo Flexible insulin therapyo Insulin pump therapy

o Intensive insulin therapyo Multiple dose insulin injection therapyo Once daily insulin regimeno Twice daily insulin regimen

Insulin penso Insulin penso Insulin pen needleso Reusing insulin pen needles

Insulin pumpso Insulin pumps
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What are premixed human insulins?

Premixed insulins consist of a mix of regular and NPH insulin. The premixed insulins are available in

a number of different ratios of mixing.

For example Humulin M3 is a mix of 30% short acting to 70% intermediate whereas Humulin M5 ismade up of 50% of both short and intermediate acting.

In recent years there has been a trend to replace human insulins with newerpremixed analogue

insulins.

How quickly do human insulins act?

Short acting (regular) insulin starts to act from about 30 minutes after injecting, with their peak action

occurring between 2 and 3 hours after injecting. The duration is up to 10 hours.

Intermediate acting (NPH) insulin takes about 2 to 4 hours to start acting, has its peak activitybetween 4 and 10 hours and has duration of up to 18 hours.

Read further on theactions of insulin.

Benefits and disadvantages of human insulin

Human insulin was welcomed in the 1980s as it meant insulin could be created in large amounts at a

relatively low cost.

It has been reported that human insulins may lead to side effects such as hypo unawareness,

tiredness and weight increase that may not be found when taking animal insulins, however, as yetthere hasnt been conclusive researc to either back up or knock down the claim.

The history of human insulin

Human insulin is more recent thananimal insulin- coming almost 50 years after animal insulin was

first used.

1975

In 1975 human insulin was successfully synthesised by a team lead by Dr Teusche at the Ciba-

Geigy in Basel, Switzerland.

1982

The first synthetic human insulins were approved by the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for

pharmaceutical use in 1982. The insulins, produced byEli Lilly & Cowere Humulin R (regular) and

Humulin N (NPH).
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1990s

In the 1990s a newer form of human insulins, called analogue insulin, were produced. Analogue

insulins allowed for short acting insulins to act more rapidly and longer acting insulin to have, what is

termed as, a flatter profile.

In other words, the insulins do not have much of a peak action and therefore act more consistently

over their duration.

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