Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and...
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and...
![Page 1: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Human Impacts on Coral Reefs
Human Impacts on Coral Reefs
Part 1Natural Stresses and Human Uses
Part 1Natural Stresses and Human Uses
![Page 2: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Factors Correlated with Healthy Coral Reef Growth
Factors Correlated with Healthy Coral Reef Growth
• water temperature range: 18 – 29C• normal seawater salinity: 32 – 35 ‰
• low inorganic nutrient concentrations (oligotrophic waters)
• clear, transparent water
• little or no sedimentation
• vigorous water motion
• water temperature range: 18 – 29C• normal seawater salinity: 32 – 35 ‰
• low inorganic nutrient concentrations (oligotrophic waters)
• clear, transparent water
• little or no sedimentation
• vigorous water motion
![Page 3: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Natural Sources of Stress on Coral Reefs
Natural Sources of Stress on Coral Reefs
• intense storms
• El Niño
• disease
• volcanic eruptions
• predator population explosions
• natural stream and river runoff
• exceptionally low tides
• intense storms
• El Niño
• disease
• volcanic eruptions
• predator population explosions
• natural stream and river runoff
• exceptionally low tides
![Page 4: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Storm Wave DamageStorm Wave Damage
BeforeBefore AfterAfter
![Page 5: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Storm DamageStorm Damage
![Page 6: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Normal Wind and Ocean Circulation in the PacificNormal Wind and Ocean Circulation in the Pacific
![Page 7: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
El Niño ConditionsEl Niño Conditions
![Page 8: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sea Surface Temperatures
April 8, 2013
![Page 9: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Impacts of El NiñoImpacts of El Niño
Marine Life Impacted
Drought
Floods Tropical Storm
Forest Fires Bird life impacted
Coral Reef Damage Coastal Erosion
![Page 10: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DiseaseDisease
![Page 11: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lava FlowsLava Flows
![Page 12: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Crown-of-Thorns OutbreaksCrown-of-Thorns Outbreaks
![Page 13: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stream and River RunoffStream and River Runoff
![Page 14: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Low TidesLow Tides
![Page 15: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Some Local Human ImpactsSome Local Human Impacts
• thermal effluents
• sewage discharges and agricultural runoff
• mechanical damage to reefs
• sedimentation
• destructive resource extraction practices
• introduced species
• loving a reef to death
• thermal effluents
• sewage discharges and agricultural runoff
• mechanical damage to reefs
• sedimentation
• destructive resource extraction practices
• introduced species
• loving a reef to death
![Page 16: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Global Human ImpactsGlobal Human Impacts
• global warming• ozone depletion• ocean acidification
• global warming• ozone depletion• ocean acidification
![Page 17: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Possible Consequences of Stresses and Impacts on Corals and Coral Reefs
Possible Consequences of Stresses and Impacts on Corals and Coral Reefs
• outright mortality of coral tissues
• breakage of coral colonies
• bleaching
• diseases
• slower growth
• reduced reproduction and recruitment
• competitive exclusion by other organisms
• increased reef erosion
• outright mortality of coral tissues
• breakage of coral colonies
• bleaching
• diseases
• slower growth
• reduced reproduction and recruitment
• competitive exclusion by other organisms
• increased reef erosion
![Page 18: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Traditional Hawaiian Uses of Coral Reef ResourcesTraditional Hawaiian Uses of Coral Reef Resources
![Page 19: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Seaweedslimu
Seaweedslimu
![Page 20: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hooks andLures
Hooks andLures
![Page 21: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Octopus Lure
![Page 22: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fishing Shrinesko‘a
Fishing Shrinesko‘a
![Page 23: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hawaiian Fish PondsHawaiian Fish Ponds
He'eia fishpond
![Page 24: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ahupua’a
1. Upland2. Plains3. Ocean
Ranges from the tip of the mtn to the reef area
![Page 25: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
TheAhupua‘a
TheAhupua‘a
![Page 26: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses Part 1 Natural Stresses and Human Uses.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d355503460f94a0cb01/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Modern Uses of Coral ReefsModern Uses of Coral Reefs• Seafood• Food Additives and Toiletries• Health and Medicine Products• Research and Education• Jewelry and Art• Marine Aquarium Specimens• New Land• Cement & Other Building Supplies• Shoreline Protection• Recreation
• Seafood• Food Additives and Toiletries• Health and Medicine Products• Research and Education• Jewelry and Art• Marine Aquarium Specimens• New Land• Cement & Other Building Supplies• Shoreline Protection• Recreation