Human Genetic Diseases
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Transcript of Human Genetic Diseases
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Human Genetic Diseases
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Objectives
Describe some common genetic diseases
Examine selective breeding Discuss cloning Analyze genetic engineering Describe current genetic
research Construct personal pedigree
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Ways to Cause Genetic Disease
Mutation in DNA of genes Alteration in structure of a
chromosome Change in the number of
chromosomes
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Cystic Fibrosis
Recessive disease Affect 1:31 births Disease: Produce abnormally thick
mucus Die early due to infection
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Sickle-Cell Anemia
Recessive Disease Discovered in 1910 Single nucleotide change from T to A 70,000 American’s Chronic body problems
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Down’s Syndrome
Three copies of Chromosome 21 Causes
Mental retardation Heart defects
Risk increases with age of mother
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Pedigree Charts 1. Male = Square 2. Female = Circles 3. Normal = Open 4. Disease = Filled 5. Carrier = Half filled
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Albinism
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Hemophilia
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Karyotypes
Picture of all the cells chromosomes lined up in pairs
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Selective Breeding
Process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation
What desired traits would you like in a dog?
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Inbreeding
Breed individuals with similar traits Turkey
Plump Quickly maturing
Will also inherit similar genetic defects
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Hybridization
Breed two genetically different organisms
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Cloning
An organism that has exactly the same genes as the one it came from.
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Genetic Engineering
Bacteria Other Organisms Resistant to insects Less bruising
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Genetic Engineering
Gene Therapy Issues
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Modern Genetics
Human Genome Project 30,000 genes Average gene is 3,000 bases long
DNA Fingerprinting Cut up DNA and look for difference that can identify
individuals
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Quiz