Human Factors in Project Management Session 5 team working issue 1
20
-
Upload
ian-cammack -
Category
Education
-
view
18 -
download
4
Transcript of Human Factors in Project Management Session 5 team working issue 1
Session Objectives• To appreciate the nature and role of teams in project work
• To develop our appreciation of effective team working behaviours
• To reflect on our contribution to teams
Context:• Scientific Management
– Division of labour, repetitive, precisely measured
• Hawthorne studies– Effect of environment
• Do not work too hard• Do not take it too easy• Do not tell anybody anything …
• Japanese production teams– Foreman, detailed procedures, continuous
improvement (kaizen)
Sociotechnical teams
FlexibilityIntegrationKnowledge
TeamplayersCulturalcohesion
TeamleadershipDelegated
powersCitizenshi
p
Technical
Norm
ativ
e
Gov
ernan
ce
Marks et al (1997) cited in Linstead et al (2009) p. 549
Team working = an effective working group?
The Team Performance Curve
Katzenbach and Smith
Working group
High-performing
team
Real team
Potential team
Pseudo-team
Team effectiveness
Perf
orm
an
ce im
pact
Focusing on Team Basics
Katzenbach and Smith (1993)
Problem solving
Technical/function
Interpersonal
Mutual
Small number of people
Individual
Specific goals
Common approach
Meaningful purpose
Skill
s
Accountability
CommitmentCollective work products
Personal growth
Performance results
Group Vacuums
Structure: who has authority? Who will pay what role? What role will I play?
Emotional: how do I feel about the people in this group? How do they feel about me?
Knowledge: who has the key information, knowledge, skills & expertise?
Power: who controls the group? Who has influence? Who are potential allies / enemies?
Structure & Governance
Who has the power to direct resources, approve, release work?
Sources of Power
Physical Force Allies Position PersonalResources
Rational Ecology Procedures Magnetism
ExchangeForce
Methods of Influence
Team Roles
Source: http://www.loosetooth.com/Viscom/gf/belbin3.gifDownloaded 13th August 2014
Belbin Roles
Source: based on idea found on http://blogs.warwick.ac.uk/mjose/entry/p3_working_in/
Team role Description Weaknesses
Allowable Not allowable
Plant Creative, imaginative, unorthodox. Solves difficult problems
Preoccupation with ideas and neglect of practical matter
Strong ‘ownership’ of idea when co-operation with others have yielded better results
Resource investigator
Extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative. Explores opportunities. Develops contacts
Loss of enthusiasm once initial excitement has passed
Letting clients down by neglecting to follow-up arrangements
Co-ordinator Mature, confident. A good chairperson. Clarifies goals, promotes decision-making, delegates well
An inclination to be lazy if someone else can be found to do the work
Taking credit for the effort of a team
Shaper Challenging, dynamic, thrives on pressure. Has the drive and courage to overcome obstacles
A proneness to frustration and irritation
Inability to recover with good humour or apology
Monitor/evaluator Sober, strategic and discerning. Sees all options. Judges accurately
Scepticism without logic Cynicism without logic
Team worker Co-operative, mild, perceptive and diplomatic. Listens, builds, averts friction. Calms the water
Indecision on crucial issues Avoiding situations that entail pressure
Implementer Disciplined, reliable, conservative and efficient. Turns ideas into practical action
Adherence to the orthodox and unproven
Obstructing a change
Completer/finisher Painstaking, conscientious, anxious. Searches out errors and omissions. Delivers on time
Perfectionism Obsessional behaviour
Specialist Single-minded, self-staring, dedicated. Provides knowledge and skill in rare supply
Acquiring knowledge for its own sake
Ignoring outside own area of competence
Belbin Roles
Source: based on idea found on http://blogs.warwick.ac.uk/mjose/entry/p3_working_in/
Out of C
lass A
ctivit
y: In
dividual
Use th
is Role Q
uiz to eva
luate your p
refere
nce
http://w
ww.123test.co
m/team-ro
les-test/
Comment on how yo
u can deve
lop effective
working re
lationsh
ips with
other
role ty
pes
Team Formation (Tuckman)
Forming Storming
Norming Performing
Source: http://www.umich.edu/~scps/html/02chap/html/prof.htmDownloaded 14th August 2014
Source: http://www.catalystonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Catalyst_Desk_Ref.jpgDownloaded 14th August 2014
A typical diagram of team formation …
Failure
An alternative view …
Source: http://www.mgtaylor.com/index2.htmlDownloaded 14th August 2014
Helpful and unhelpful behaviours
Resources for future use
Team effectivene
ss
Perf
orm
an
ce im
pact
iwise2_word_questionnaore_-_team_effectiveness_v4.pdf
Microsoft Excel Worksheet
Team effectiveness briefing.pdf
Source: http://www.iwise2.com/team-effectivenessDownloaded 19th August 2014
