Human Factors An Overview
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Transcript of Human Factors An Overview
Human FactorsAn Overview
Dr. Beth LyallResearch Integrations, Inc.
Multiple Disciplines
• Psychology• Engineering• Biomechanics• Exercise Science• Cognitive Science• Sociology
Terminology• Human factors• Ergonomics• Cognitive engineering• Cognitive science• Engineering psychology• Human performance
engineering• Human engineering
• Aviation psychology• Usability• User centered• Human centered• Systems Engineering• Cognitive Psychology• User experience design• Interaction design
Focus of Human Factors• Understanding and affecting the functioning or
operation of a system that includes humans– Quality of system performance– Productivity– Safety
• “system” must be defined• National airspace system• Terminal area• Airport• Airplane• Flight deck
• Measures of system performance are needed
Environment
System
Environment
Technologies and
equipment
tasks and procedures
humans
Understand qualities and characteristics
Affect design and capabilities
Consider interdependencies
Environment
Technologies and
equipment
tasks and procedures
humans
Time pressure
Workload
Stressors
Technologies and
equipment
tasks and procedures
humans
Intended function
Interface - controls - displays- system logic
Technologies and
equipment
tasks and procedures
humans
Availability
Understandability
Compatibility
Technologies and
equipment
tasks and procedures
humans
Capabilities and limitations- anthropometrics - perception- memory- attention- strength
Training and experience- knowledge- psychomotor skills- perceptual skills- cognitive skills
Skills Examples
• Manual handling– Psychomotor skill
• Use of automated systems– Cognitive skill
• Problem identification– Perceptual skill
• The type of skills being developed affects the type and amount of practice required
Measurement
• Have to be able to define and measure the important elements of the system
• Accomplishment of intended function• Reliability• Accomplishment of tasks• Speed • Accuracy
CRM History
• NASA 1979 workshop “Resource management in the flight deck”– Focused on prevalence of human error in
accidents– Developed “cockpit resource management”
training ideas• Interpersonal communications• Decision making• Leadership
humans
• Crew concept approach• Line oriented approach• Training topics have expanded and
varied• Both knowledge and skills– CRM vs technical skills
• Threat and error management
Example of human factors approach: Fatigue
• Understanding of how fatigue affects human performance
• Understanding about elements of technology design that can result in fatigue
• Understanding about how environment characteristics can result in fatigue
• Understanding about how task and procedures design can result in fatigue
• Training for knowledge of fatigue countermeasures and skill in applying them
Environment
Technologies and
equipment
tasks and procedures
humans
Effective human factors work knows the system elements of focus
And understands the other elements and their interdependencies