Human Evolution III

Nature, October 28, 2004

Homo heidelbergensis

Kabwe(Broken Hill)

Zambia150-125kya

Brain 1,280cc

Atapuerca, Spain

Sima de los Huesos300kya

Brain 1200-1300cc

Picture from National Geographic

Sima de los Huesos

Neandertals: Late Archaic H. sapiens

• Fit into the general scheme of human evolution, but are misfits.

• Brain size was larger than H. sapiens today.

• Face projects almost as if pulled forward.

• Lived in Europe and western Asia for about 100,000 years.

The Neandertal Body

• Shaped like arctic people• Wide and muscular bodies• Short distal limb segments• Many serious injuries that have

healed• May have been hunting large

game at close quarters• Picture from American Museum

of Natural History

Shanidar, Iraq

• 9 Neandertals• 7 Adults, 2 infants• Shanidar I

– Male, 30-35yrs– 5’7”– Brain - 1,600cc– Crushing blow to side

of head– Probably blind– Right arm useless– Lower left arm gone -

amputated?– Leg injuries that

caused limping– Yet he lived!

Shanidar, Iraq

• Controversial “Flower Burial”

• Shanidar 4

• 40 year old man with crushed skull

• Ralph Solecki originally excavates

• Found pollen grains in clumps around body

• Suggests that mourners put bouquets of flowers in grave

Mt. Carmel, Israel

Tabun Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel

• 120kya• Neandertals

CONTEMPORARIES of modern humans?

Early Anatomically Modern People from Mt. Carmel, Israel• Skuhl, 115kya • Qafzeh, 100kya

What IS Homo sapiens sapiens?

Earliest Homo

sapiens fossils

Nature (2003)

Cro-Magnon8 individuals

40kyaAurignacian

tools

Pictures from BBC