Human development the contextualistic world view (part iv)
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Transcript of Human development the contextualistic world view (part iv)
Theories of Human Development
Integrative Perspectives
THE CONTEXTUALISTIC WORLDVIEW – Part IV
Dale Goldhaer
1. Purpose of the study of such events is to discover what the events themselves say about the web of interactions that create and maintain the events and about the role of the individual within the matrix of relationships
2. The search for objective reality is an illusion3. No universal patterns of development4. No intention to generalize, abstract, or to propose
universal arguments5. No directional concept of development6. Different behaviors in different settings
Contextualism…
1. Life span cohort models of development2. Vygotsky and the Social-Cultural Perspective3. Post-modern perspectives
Three Perspectives
pp. 2
Life span cohort models of development
Glen Elder
1. Emergence of models traced to 3 related developments: (a) the changing demographics of old age, (b) the aging of the participants in the longitudinal studies begun in 1920s and 1930s, and ( c)the growing interest in multidisciplinary research
2. Three interrelated basic assumptions that underlie life span cohort models: Development as an open process Development as a situated process Development as a successive sequence
Life Span Cohort Models
Elder’s Life Course Paradigm – Four Themes
1
23
4
Vygotsky and the Sociocultural perspective
Theoretical Argument
1.Ontogenetic Evolution: Child to Adult• To understand the developmental status of an
individual first requires an understanding of the developmental history of that individual
• 4 step developmental sequence: Natural or primitive stage, naïve psychology, external signs, and ingrowth stage
2.Cultural Evolution: Primitive to Cultured• To understand the developmental history of that
individual first requires an understanding of the historical evolution of that individual’s culture
3.Phylogenetic Evolution: Ape to Human• To understand the historical evolution of that
individual’s culture first requires the phylogenetic evolution of that individual’s species
Lev Vygotsky (1896 – 1934)
Major Theme in Vgotsky’s Theory
Barbara Rogoff’s Theoretical Perspectove• Development is the progress children make
as they attempt to acquire culturally defined ideals of mature thought and action
• The culture structures the individual even as the individual’s actions redefine the culture
• Three levels of the sociocultural context:1. Apprenticeship – Level of the
community2. Guided Participation – Level of
individual interactions3. Process of Appropriation – Level of the
cultural system
Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) developed the ecological systems theory to explain how everything in a child and the child's environment affects how a child grows and develops. He labeled different aspects or levels of the environment that influence children's development, including the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem. The microsystem is the small, immediate environment the child lives in.
Postmodern Perspectives
Gilligan's Stages of the Ethic of Care
Approximate Age Range
Stage Goal
not listed PreconventionalGoal is individual survival
Transition is from selfishness -- to -- responsibility to others
not listed ConventionalSelf sacrifice is goodness
Transition is from goodness -- to -- truth that she is a person too
maybe never Postconventional
Principle of nonviolence: do not hurt others or self