HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - CONCEPTION TO OLD AGE

Stages of the Human Life Cycle Prenatal Infant Toddler Child Adolescent Adult Older Adult Stage

Prenatal Stage When the baby is still in the womb Happens when the sperm cell penetrates

the Mothers Ovum (egg) The Sperm and Ovum come together as

one cell to create a zygote Three basic sur-stages of the Prenatal

Stage

1 - Germinal Stage

Ranges from conception to two weeks. Cells in the zygote divide rapidly Mass of cells move slowly along the fallopian

tube to the uterus Than implanted in the uterine lining

During this stage the placenta is also formed The placenta serves as a life-support system for the

fetus, allowing oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus and waste products to pass out.

2- Embryonic Stage

Begins after cell mass is implanted in the uterus

Lasts from two weeks to eight weeks Most vital organs and body systems form

3 - Fetal Stage

Starts at week eight and continues until birth

Cells continue dividing, body systems start functioning

Fetus is now capable of movement 22-26 weeks old it may survive if birth

occurs Chances of survival much better the

closer the term is to 36 weeks

Infant Development-Physical Ages 4 weeks – 1 year Average weight- 7 ½ lbs Average height- 20” When an infant reaches one year old, they

have tripled their birth weight Distinguish between four tastes: sweet, salty,

bitter, and sour Brain 25% size of adults brain, 75% at age

two. Given all neurons at birth, Dendritic

connections continue to grow and develop a better functioning brain

Infant Development-Social Given all neurons at birth, Dendritic

connections continue to grow and develop a better functioning brain

See signs of attachment at 6 or 7 months of life Type A attachment (anxious avoidant)- Infant will

be insecurely attached, may avoid or ignore their mother

Type B attachment (Secure)- Feel secure enough to leave their mothers side and explore

Type C attachment (anxious-resistant)- securely attached to their mother, not wanting to leave their presence

Infant Development-Social

Temperament – Three classifications The easy child- Positive attitude, adapts to

change The difficult child- Reacts more negatively,

not very adaptable to change The slow to-warm-up child- reacts negative

to change, but eventually will adapt

Toddler Development

A toddler is a child between the ages of one and three. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development.

Toddler Development : Ages 1 – 3 years old

Toddler Development- Age 2

Physical DevelopmentWalks well, goes up and down steps alone, runs, seats self on chair, becoming independent in toileting, uses spoon and fork, imitates circular stroke, turns pages singly, kicks ball, attempts to dress self, builds tower of six cubes.

Emotional DevelopmentVery Self-centered, just beginning a sense of personal identity and belongings, possessive, often negative, often frustrated, no ability to choose between alternatives, enjoys physical affection, resistive to change, becoming independent, more responsive to humor and distraction than discipline or reason.

 Social DevelopmentSolitary play, dependent on adult guidance, plays with dolls, refers to self by name, socially very immature, little concept of others as "people." May respond to simple direction.

Intellectual DevelopmentSays words, phrases and simple sentences, 272 words, understands simple directions, identifies simple pictures, likes to look at books, short attention span, avoids simple hazards, can do simple form board

Toddler Development- Age 3

Physical DevelopmentRuns well, marches, stands on one foot briefly, rides tricycle, imitates cross, feeds self well, puts on shoes and stockings, unbuttons and buttons, build tower of 10 cubes. Pours from pitcher.

Emotional DevelopmentLikes to conform, easy going attitude, not so resistive to change, more secure, greater sense of personal identity, beginning to be adventuresome, enjoys music.

Social DevelopmentParallel play, enjoys being by others, takes turns, knows if he is a boy or girl, enjoys brief group activities requiring no skill, likes to "help" in small ways--responds to verbal guidance.

Intellectual DevelopmentSays short sentences, 896 words, great growth in communication, tells simple stories, uses words as tools of thought, wants to understand environment, answers questions, imaginative, may recite few nursery rhymes

Child Development (Preschooler) Ages 4 - 6

Physical DevelopmentSkips on one foot, draws "Man", cuts with scissors (not well), can wash and dry face, dress self except ties, standing broad jump, throws ball overhand, high motor drive.

Emotional DevelopmentSeems sure of himself, out-of bounds behavior, often negative, may be defiant, seems to be testing himself out, needs controlled freedom. Age 4

Social DevelopmentCooperative play, enjoys other children's company, highly social, may play loosely organized group games - tag, duck-duck-goose, talkative, versatile.

Intellectual DevelopmentUses complete sentences, 1540 words, asks endless questions, learning to generalize, highly imaginative, dramatic, can draw recognizable simple objects.

Child Development (School – aged child) Ages 6-

13 yrs.old Physical Development

Hops and skips, dresses without help, good balance and smoother muscle action, skates, rides wagon and scooter, prints simple letters, handedness established, ties shoes, girls small muscle development about 1 year ahead of boys.

Emotional DevelopmentSelf-assured, stable, well-adjusted, home-centered, likes to associate with mother, capable, of some self-criticism, enjoys responsibility. Likes to follow the rules.

Social DevelopmentHighly cooperative play, has special "friends", highly organized, enjoys simple table games requiring turns and observing rules, "school", feels pride clothes and accomplishments, eager to carry out some responsibility.

Intellectual Development2,072 words, tells long tales, carries out direction well, reads own name, counts to 10, asks meaning of words, knows colors, beginning to know difference between fact and fiction-lying, interested in environment, city, stores, etc

Adolescent Development Ages 13 – 20 yrs. old

Adolescents who are still close with their parents are less likely to engage in risky behaviors Drugs, booze, sex etc.

May start to view their friends as more important than their parents or guardians

Peer pressure peaks at age 14 and steadily decreases after

Adolescent Depression

At this age they try to find who they are and where they fit socially

Changing relationship with parents is what causes depression the most, with peers is second

Can be extremely intense with hormonal changes

Emotional instability is a part of adolescence

Early Adult DevelopmentAges 20 -35 yrs. old

Learns how to form intimate relationships In friendship In love

If not learned this can lead to isolation, fear of commitment, and inability to understand others

Middle-Aged Adult Development Generally ages 40-60 They could feel one of two things:

A purpose such as paving the way for the new generation

A sense of purposelessness Also experience declined muscle

strength, reaction time, sensory issues, and declined cardiac output

Elderly Development

Generally over 60 years Feel integrity vs. despair

“accomplishment or failure” Weakened immune system leaves them

susceptible to dangerous diseases Due to a lifetime of having antibodies the

elderly rarely get the common cold Mental disintegration may occur leading to

Alzheimer's Dementia

Sources:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmEZLUjjKEo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RruHjAetXdE http://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/

devsequence.shtml human-development-conception-to-old-age http://imaginingthebrain.jgallant.org/?p=821 http://www.trans4mind.com/nutrition/baby-first-year.html http://www.readingsuccesslab.com/

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