Human Capital Development in a Dynamic Environment:

Putting it All Together

Michael Wilcox & Bo Beaulieu November 12, 2014Purdue University ExtensionCommunity Development Program

Defining Community & Community Development

The Community Capitals Framework

Environmental Scan

Presentation Outline –

Human Capital Development in a Dynamic Environment

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2

3

4

6

Needs Assessment: The Fundamentals

Connecting Data to HHS Programs: Human Capital

Valuable Data Resources

5

1. Defining Community

1

It’s the interaction of people or groups of individuals who live within some geographic area that provides for most of their daily needs.

2

These individuals/groups share certain values and ties with one another (be they socially or psychologically).

3

Further, they work together to address local problems, concerns, and opportunities.

Defining Community Development

Process Developing and strengthening the ability to work and act collectively (capacity-building)

Outcome Taking actions that are intended to make the community a better place to live and work.

Community

Developmen

t involves

both

“process”

and

“outcome.”

2. Discovering Local Assets:The Community Capitals Framework

The lifeblood of any community can be linked to the presence and strength of seven community capitals.

Strong and resilient communities strive for balanced investments in the seven capitals.

Communities that place too much emphasis on one or two types of capital can end up suppressing the growth of other community capitals.

Community Capitals: Key Features

1

2

3

• The quality and quantity of natural and environmental resources existing in a community.

Natural Capital

• The infrastructure of the community – the basic set of facilities, services and physical structures needed by a community.

• Includes design and land use factors, such as how neighborhoods, communities, and cities are laid out.

Built Capital

• The variety of financial resources available to invest in local projects or economic development initiatives.

• Entities that serve as potential sources of funds for housing, community facilities, small business loans, and other community services.

Financial Capital

• Attributes of individuals that provide them with the ability to earn a living (due to their education, work-related skills and health status).

• Efforts to build and expand the leadership skills of community members.

Human Capital

• The values, norms, beliefs and traditions that people inherit from the family, school and community.

• Also includes material goods produced at a specific time and place having historical or cultural significance.

Cultural Capital

Social Capital

• The “glue” that holds a community together and whose presence can brings benefits to the entire community.

• Consist of “bonding” and “bridging” activities. Also includes “linkages” to external entities.

• Different combinations of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital can produce positive results for the community.

• Ability to shape the distribution of public and private resources within the community.

• Capacity to gain access to the local movers and shakers.

• Efforts to launch a “new leader” pipeline and expand civic participation.

Political Capital

3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN – THE BASICS

“Environmental scanning is the acquisition and use of information about events, trends, and relationships in an organization's external environment, the knowledge of which would assist management in planning the organization's future course of action.”

-Choo (2001)PoliticalEconomicSocialTechnologicalLegalEnvironmental

Choo, Information Research, Vol. 7 No. 1, October 2001

4. NEEDS ASSESSMENT: THE FUNDAMENTALS

What is a need?

Present Situation

“What is?”

Desired Situation

“What should be?”

A Need

The Gap Between the Present & Desired Situation

A formal tool that involves the identification of gaps

Placing these gaps in priority order

Determining which needs warrant the attention and resources of Extension

What’s a Needs Assessment?

18

The purpose

Whose needs you want to identify

Procedures you plan to use

Identify the needs

Develop needs statements (outcomes)

Prioritize needs

The Needs Assessment Process

Primary

Secondary

Key Informant

s

Surveys

Meeting Minutes

Reports

Data Products

Forum or Roundtabl

e

Gathering Information on Needs: Key Approaches

• Data can help profile the current situation

• Adding other approaches can help fine tune the “present situation” as well as opportunities

• Ultimately, the “what should be” depends on local values, norms & aspirations

Aspirational Group

Peer Group

Benchmark

Where things get tough! Figuring out the “What should be?”

Variable Daviess Peer (Clinton)

Aspirational (Boone)

Births to unmarried parents

29.2% 41.8% 21.2%

Adult Obesity Rate 31% 29% 28%

Child Poverty 24.2% 21.0% 8.3%

Median Income $44,689 $47,748 $69,919

Examples . . .

Number Impacted

Importance

Impact on other Needs

Resources needed

Responsibility

Deciding on Needs to Address: Some Filters to Consider

5. CONNECTING DATA TO HHS PROGRAMS

Health and Human Sciences Extension

• Extrinsic and intrinsic factors that determine who “you” are…

• …investments that people make in their education, on-the-job training, or health…

• …talent and experiences

Human Capital – A Second Look

ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS…

Theodore SchultzAnalysis of the role of investment in human capital for economic development, particularly in agriculture.

Gary BeckerExtended the domain of economic theory to aspects of human behavior which had previously been dealt with by other social science disciplines.

James HeckmanDeveloped methods for handling selective samples in a statistically satisfactory way. Used specifically to evaluate the effect of public labor market programs and educational programs.

Based on Nobel Prize Winner Fact Sheets found at: http://www.nobelprize.org

Population Index

Data:

Population over time expressed as a ratio of population : reference population (Index = Pop1990/Pop1970)

Measure:

Total population for each year divided by population in reference time period.

Source:

http://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_regional.cfm

Report As:

Graph

Designed by Stefan Parnarov from the Noun Project

Total Population2000 2010 2020

6,080,485 6,483,802 6,852,121

* 2020 projection: http://www.stats.indiana.edu/pop_proj/

US Metro

US Nonmetro

IN Metro

IN Nonmetro

Components of Population Change

Data:

Total population change due to natural increase (net of births to deaths), net international migration and net domestic migration.

Measure:

Net number of people moving to/from state/county by source.

Source: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk

Report As:

Table

Big Data from the Noun Project

Components of Population Change, 2000-2013

TOTAL Change 451,573

Natural Increase 413,653

International 123,980

Domestic -58,160

Population Pyramid

Data:

Population pyramids delineate total population by age class and sex

Measure:

Percent of the total population that is in a certain age class by sex.

Source: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t

Report As:

Table or Pyramid

Teams designed by Wilson Joseph from the Noun Project

Ind

iana -

2000

Ind

iana -

2013

Race and Origin

Data:

Population Estimates by Race and Hispanic Origin are based on self-identification and not an attempt to define race biologically, anthropologically, or genetically.

Measure:

Number or percent of the total population identifying their race (one or more) and origin.

Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18000.html

Report As:

Table, Pie Chart or Bar Chart

Population Estimates by Race and Hispanic Origin in 2013

Daviess County, IN Indiana United

States

American Ind. or Alaskan Native 0.4% 0.4% 1.2%

Asian 0.7% 1.9% 5.3%

Black 0.8% 9.5% 13.2%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pac. Isl. 0.2% 0.1% 0.2%

White 97.1% 86.3% 77.7%

Two or More Race Groups 0.9% 1.8% 2.4%

Hispanic or Latino (can be of any race)

Not Hispanic or Latino 95.4% 93.6% 82.9%

Hispanic or Latino 4.6% 6.4% 17.1%

People designed by Claire Jones from the Noun Project

Educational AttainmentData:

Educational attainment represents the highest level of education attained by each member of the population at or above the age of 25 years old.

Measure:

Number of or percent of the total population above the age of 25 attaining an education from less than 9th grade to graduate degree

Source: http://www.stats.indiana.edu/topic/education.asp

Report As:

Table or Pie Chart

Item Dubois IN US

Total Pop. 25 and Older 28,410 4,229,138 204,336,017

Less Than 9th Grade 6% 4% 6%

9th to 12th No Diploma 8% 9% 8%

High School Grad (inc. equiv.) 42% 35% 28%

Some College, No Degree 16% 21% 21%

Associate Degree 9% 8% 8%

Bachelor's Degree 12% 15% 18%

Graduate, Prof. or Doctorate Degree 7% 8% 11%

High School Grad or Higher 86% 87% 86%

Data:

Selected Characteristics of people at the poverty level in the past 12 months from the 2011-2013 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates.

Measure:

Percent of population category that is at the poverty level.

Source: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_3YR_S1703&prodType=table

Report As:

Table

Designed by Stefan Parnarov from the Noun Project

Poverty2011-13 Total % of Total

POPULATION 6,342,695 15.9%

AGE    

Under 18 years 1,560,410 22.7%

65 years and over 849,999 7.4%

RACE    

White 5,360,932 13.1%

Black 568,666 33.5%

Asian 106,330 20.4%

ORIGIN    

Hispanic or Latino 401,798 30.9%

LIVING ARRANGEMENT    

Married-couple family 3,893,823 6.7%

Female householder, no husband 1,021,100 37.5%

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT    

Less than high school graduate 510,982 27.4%

High school graduate 1,467,463 12.2%

Bachelor's degree or higher 999,420 4.1%

DISABILITY STATUS    

With any disability 849,320 22.2%

No disability 5,490,194 14.9%

WORK STATUS (16-64 YRS OLD)    

Worked full-time, year-round 1,984,604 2.9% Worked less than full-time, year-round 1,157,605 21.8%

Did not work 966,557 32.2%

Data:

Health outcomes is an equally weighted aggregate measure comprised of Length of Life and Quality of Life variables.

Measure:

Ranking of Indiana counties based on Health Outcomes index.

Source:

http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/indiana/2014/overview

Report As:

Map or Table

Public Domain from the Noun Project

Health Outcomes

6. VALUABLE DATA SOURCES

Extension Audiences Reached

• U.S. Census Bureau• Main Portal

http://www.census.gov/

• Census Bureau A-Z Subjectshttp://www.census.gov/main/www/a2z

• Census of Agriculturehttp://www.nass.usda.gov/Census_of_Agriculture/index.asp

• American Community Surveyhttp://www.census.gov/acs/www/

KEY FEDERAL DATA RESOURCES

• StatsAmericahttp://www.statsamerica.org/

ANOTHER VALUABLE DATA RESOURCE

THANK YOU !

Michael Wilcox & Bo Beaulieu