Human Body PowerPoint GettingNerdyLLC€¦ · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Human Body PowerPoint...

2/6/2018

1

You ARE What You Eat!Objective: To learn the structureand function of the DigestiveSystemBell Work:Place the following in orderaccording to the path that foodtakes through your body:

STOMACHLARGE INTESTINE

RECTUMESOPHAGUS

ANUSMOUTH

SMALL INTESTINE

© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Your cells need nutrients found in food

1. Provide energy and materialsfor cell development, growth,and repair: Proteins (meats),Carbohydrates (sugars =energy), Fats (Lipids),Vitamins, Minerals, andWater

2. Maintain homeostasis3. No food has every nutrient,

so eat a variety of foods

+


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FUNCTION: breaks food down into small molecules that are absorbed

into bloodstream

1. Mechanical digestion: PHYSICALprocess: food is chewed, mixedand churned

2. Chemical digestion: CHEMICALprocess: food is turned into amushy substance using stomachacid, bile, saliva, & other enzymes(proteins that speed up chemicalreactions)


ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. Accessory organs: food DOES NOT pass through. Includes tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas

2. Digestive tract: food DOES pass through. Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum & anus


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Digestion begins NOW!1. Mouth: tongue, teeth, & saliva change food into

soft mass (bolus)


2. Esophagus: muscular tubemoves food to stomachusing peristalsis (musclecontractions)


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3. Stomach: muscular sacthat turns food into a thin,watery liquid called chymea. Mechanical digestion by

peristalsis b. Chemical digestion by

digestive juices/enzymes


4. Small Intestine:long tube (smalldiameter) thatfunctions inchemicaldigestion andnutrientabsorption


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Lined with villi: finger-like

projections

Each villus is composed of cells

that have microvilli. Cells transport

nutrients to the bloodstream

through capillary beds to be

distributed to the body cells

Capillary bed Microvilli


LET’S COMPARE…If the small intestine were a simple smooth tube without folds and villi, the surface area would be the inside of the

tube as seen below.

The gathering of the intestinal wall into folds lined with villi increases the surface area tremendously – imagine that the

folds are a string and you are pulling on the end with the arrow. It would unravel to a length much greater than that of the smooth tube. In fact, it’s surface area is comparable to a

tennis court!


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* Accessory Organs of Small Intestine:

a. Liver: large red-brownorgan that makes bile

b. Gallbladder: stores bilewhich is released intothe S.I. and helps breakdown fat

c. Pancreas: makesdigestive enzymes &insulin which regulatesblood sugar


5. Large intestine: absorbswater from undigestedchymea. Chyme can be in L.I.

as long as three daysb. Appendix: sac

attached to the L.I.that is now known toprovide immunesupport in the body

6. Rectum & anus: controlrelease of solid waste(feces) from body


2/6/2018

1

You ARE What You Eat!Objective: To learn the structureand function of the DigestiveSystemBell Work:Place the following in orderaccording to the path that foodtakes through your body:

STOMACHLARGE INTESTINE

RECTUMESOPHAGUS

ANUSMOUTH

SMALL INTESTINE


Your cells need nutrients found in food

1. Provide energy and materialsfor cell development, growth,and repair: Proteins (meats),Carbohydrates (sugars =energy), Fats (Lipids),Vitamins, Minerals, andWater

2. Maintain homeostasis3. No food has every nutrient,

so eat a variety of foods

+


2/6/2018

2

FUNCTION: breaks food down into small molecules that are absorbed

into bloodstream

1. Mechanical digestion: PHYSICALprocess: food is chewed, mixedand churned

2. Chemical digestion: CHEMICALprocess: food is turned into amushy substance using stomachacid, bile, saliva, & other enzymes(proteins that speed up chemicalreactions)


ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. Accessory organs: food DOES NOT pass through. Includes tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas

2. Digestive tract: food DOES pass through. Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum & anus


2/6/2018

3

Digestion begins NOW!1. Mouth: tongue, teeth, & saliva change food into

soft mass (bolus)


2. Esophagus: muscular tubemoves food to stomachusing peristalsis (musclecontractions)


2/6/2018

4

3. Stomach: muscular sacthat turns food into a thin,watery liquid called chymea. Mechanical digestion by

peristalsis b. Chemical digestion by

digestive juices/enzymes


4. Small Intestine:long tube (smalldiameter) thatfunctions inchemicaldigestion andnutrientabsorption


2/6/2018

5

Lined with villi: finger-like

projections

Each villus is composed of cells

that have microvilli. Cells transport

nutrients to the bloodstream

through capillary beds to be

distributed to the body cells

Capillary bed Microvilli


LET’S COMPARE…If the small intestine were a simple smooth tube without folds and villi, the surface area would be the inside of the

tube as seen below.

The gathering of the intestinal wall into folds lined with villi increases the surface area tremendously – imagine that the

folds are a string and you are pulling on the end with the arrow. It would unravel to a length much greater than that of the smooth tube. In fact, it’s surface area is comparable to a

tennis court!


2/6/2018

6

* Accessory Organs of Small Intestine:

a. Liver: large red-brownorgan that makes bile

b. Gallbladder: stores bilewhich is released intothe S.I. and helps breakdown fat

c. Pancreas: makesdigestive enzymes &insulin which regulatesblood sugar


5. Large intestine: absorbswater from undigestedchymea. Chyme can be in L.I.

as long as three daysb. Appendix: sac

attached to the L.I.that is now known toprovide immunesupport in the body

6. Rectum & anus: controlrelease of solid waste(feces) from body


Human Body PowerPoint GettingNerdyLLC€¦ · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Human Body PowerPoint...

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