Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all...
-
Upload
stella-clark -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all...
![Page 1: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Human Biology 12
Temperature regulation
![Page 2: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Metabolism and temperatureMetabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the
bodyMetabolic rate refers to the amount or speed of
reactions in the body. It can be measured by measuring temperature, rate of oxygen consumption or rate of carbon dioxide production
Reactions produce waste heat.The more reactions that occur, the greater the
temperatureReactions rely on enzymes
![Page 3: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Enzyme activity and temperature
Enzyme activity
Temperature
![Page 4: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Metabolic rate and temperature
As temperature increases, metabolic rate increases
As metabolic rate increases, temperature increases
![Page 5: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Heat production
Heat can be produced by:• Metabolism eg respiration
• Movement
Voluntary eg exercise Involuntary eg shivering
![Page 6: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Heat loss or gain
Occurs from body surfaces
Uses the processes of:
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Evaporation
![Page 7: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Radiation
Loss without contact
Most important in terrestrial organisms.
Can be increased by
Increasing surface area exposure eg basking, big ears, vasodilation, bare skin/reduced fur
Can be decreased by
Decreasing surface area exposure eg huddling, small ears, vasoconstriction, fur or feathers
![Page 8: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Conduction
Loss by contactMost important in aquatic organismsCan be increased byIncreasing surface area exposure eg larger
extremities, reduced fur, reducing insulation
Can be decreased byDecreasing surface area exposure eg smaller
extremities, increased fur, increased insulation (eg blubber)
![Page 9: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Convection
Loss by air movements
Most important in land animals
Can be increased by
Increasing surface area exposure to wind eg sprawling, decreased fur
Can be decreased by
Decreasing surface area exposure to wind eg huddling, fluffing feathers, increased fur
![Page 10: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Evaporation
Loss of heat due to liquid turning to gas
Most important in terrestrial organisms
Can be increased by sweating, panting or wetting skin or fur
Can be decreased by reducing sweating or panting, keeping surface dry or covered with thick fur or feathers
![Page 11: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Control of body temperature
Control of heat production
Increasing or decreasing metabolic activity or movement (shivering or exercise)
Control of heat loss
Increasing or decreasing loss of heat from external or respiratory surfaces
![Page 12: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
An example of negative feedback
Stimulus
Negative feedback Receptor
Response Modulator
Effector
Heat
Thermoreceptors
Hypothalamus in brain
Sweat glands
Increased sweating
Cool down
![Page 13: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
An example of negative feedback
Stimulus
Negative feedback Receptor
Response Modulator
Effector
Thermoreceptors
Hypothalamus in brain
Cold
Muscles
Shivering
Warm up
![Page 14: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Structural adaptations
Bare skin or reduced fur
Endomorphic body shape
Counter current exchange
Ectomorphic body shape
![Page 15: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Physiological adaptations
Sweating
Increased breathing rateIncreased heart rate
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
HunchingShivering
![Page 16: Human Biology 12 Temperature regulation. Metabolism and temperature Metabolism refers to all reactions occurring in the body Metabolic rate refers to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d8d5503460f94a75b88/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Behavioural adaptations
Use a fan
Immersing in cold water
Seeking shadeResting during heatReduce clothes
Hot bath
Use a heater
Add clothes