Human Anatomyand Physiology

An Introduction

What is the difference?

• Anatomy = The study of body structures

• Physiology studies their functions

• What are some areas of focus for each?

Areas of Study

• Cytology• Histology• Embryology• Osteology• Myology

• Neurology• Dermatology• Endocrinology• Pathology• Arthrology

Principles of Physiology

Form Reflects Function

Life Processes

1.Metabolism2.Responsiveness3.Movement4.Growth5.Differentiation6.Reproduction

Homeostasis

• What is it?• Why is it

important?• Feedback• Synergy

Structural HierarchyStructural Hierarchy

Small to BigSmall to Big

What systems do we have?What systems do we have?

Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Circulatory Respiratory

Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Circulatory Respiratory

Endocrine Digestive Reproductive Lymphatic Urinary

Endocrine Digestive Reproductive Lymphatic Urinary

What are the major organs and functions of each?

This is the appropriate anatomical position.

Why is this important?

Directional TermsDirectional Terms

Superior (cephalic/cranial) and inferior (caudal) Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) Medial and lateral Proximal and distal Superficial and deep Ipsilateral and contralateral Visceral and parietal Afferent and efferent

Superior (cephalic/cranial) and inferior (caudal) Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) Medial and lateral Proximal and distal Superficial and deep Ipsilateral and contralateral Visceral and parietal Afferent and efferent

Body CavitiesBody Cavities Cranial - Brain Vertebral - Spinal cord Thoracic

Pleural - Lung Pericardial - Heart

Abdominopelvic Abdominal - stomach,

spleen, liver, gallbladder, small int., most of large int.

Pelvic - Bladder, some large int., reproductive

Cranial - Brain Vertebral - Spinal cord Thoracic

Pleural - Lung Pericardial - Heart

Abdominopelvic Abdominal - stomach,

spleen, liver, gallbladder, small int., most of large int.

Pelvic - Bladder, some large int., reproductive

Abdominopelvic RegionsAbdominopelvic Regions